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991.
Mohsen Naghavi Susanna Makela Kyle Foreman Janaki O'Brien Farshad Pourmalek Rafael Lozano 《Population health metrics》2010,8(1):9
Background
Coverage and quality of cause-of-death (CoD) data varies across countries and time. Valid, reliable, and comparable assessments of trends in causes of death from even the best systems are limited by three problems: a) changes in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) over time; b) the use of tabulation lists where substantial detail on causes of death is lost; and c) many deaths assigned to causes that cannot or should not be considered underlying causes of death, often called garbage codes (GCs). The Global Burden of Disease Study and the World Health Organization have developed various methods to enhance comparability of CoD data. In this study, we attempt to build on these approaches to enhance the utility of national cause-of-death data for public health analysis. 相似文献992.
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Daniel C. Damin Frederico S. Santos Renata Heck Mário A. Rosito Luise Meurer Lúcia M. Kliemann Rafael Roesler Gilberto Schwartsmann 《Digestive diseases and sciences》2010,55(8):2203-2210
Background
RC-3095, a synthetic gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) antagonist, has been identified as a candidate compound for the treatment of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-dependent chronic inflammatory conditions. 相似文献997.
Juan Jesús Carrero Abelardo Aguilera Peter Stenvinkel Fernando Gil Rafael Selgas Bengt Lindholm 《Journal of renal nutrition》2008,18(1):107-113
Patients with chronic kidney disease frequently experience loss of appetite (anorexia), which increases in severity during the progression of the disease and may lead to protein-energy wasting, morbidity, and mortality. Anorexia represents a multiple, complex, and multifactorial disorder that may have its origin in renal failure (contemplating not only retention of uremic toxins but also peptides and cytokines) but that later on also involves metabolic abnormalities not yet corrected by dialysis therapy. This paper reviews current knowledge about the clinical signs of uremic anorexia as well as mechanisms involved. Based on megestrol acetate interventions and the recent observation that sex may modulate uremic appetite behavior, the potential role of sex hormones in treating chronic kidney disease anorexia needs to be further explored. 相似文献
998.
Dominique Scherer Eduardo Nagore Justo Lorenzo Bermejo Adina Figl Rafael Botella‐Estrada Ranjit Kumar Thirumaran Sabrina Angelini Kari Hemminki Dirk Schadendorf Rajiv Kumar 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2009,125(8):1868-1875
Variation within the melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) gene, that influences phenotypic traits and susceptibility to melanoma, is abundant across the populations. We assessed and compared the risk of melanoma in 2 European populations, German and Spanish, by genotyping MC1R variants through direct DNA sequencing from 1,185 melanoma cases and 1,582 controls. The presence of any variant in both populations was associated with a significantly increased risk of melanoma (odds ratio OR = 1.67, 95% confidence interval CI 1.40–1.99). The population attributable fractions (PAF) associated with the MC1R variants in both populations was over 25%. However, the results showed a statistically significant (p < 0.0001) higher frequency of MC1R variants in the German (70%) than in the Spanish population (60%). The red‐hair colour (RHC) variants, though associated with increased risk in both populations, were more common in the German than in the Spanish population (p < 0.0001). Interestingly, non‐RHC variants increased the disease risk in the Spanish (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.20–2.14) but not in the German population (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 0.80–1.44). Although RHC variants explained a major proportion of the observed PAF in the German population, in the Spanish population the major contributor to the PAF was the non‐RHC V60L variant. We also observed reduced historic linkage disequilibrium between the variants V92M and T314T in the gene in German melanoma cases. In conclusion, our data underscored the unambiguous importance of the MC1R variants towards the population burden of melanoma. However, the variants that are associated with the disease differ between the investigated populations. © 2009 UICC 相似文献
999.
YouJin Hao Rafael Montiel BingHui Li Enyi Huang Lewie Zeng YongSheng Huang 《Breast cancer research and treatment》2010,124(3):815-820
Androgens have been hypothesized to influence risk of breast cancer through several possible mechanisms, including their conversion
to estradiol and their binding to the estrogen receptor and/or androgen receptor (AR) in the breast. The CAG repeat polymorphism
in AR exon 1 has been implicated in breast cancer risk; however, studies on the association between this polymorphism and breast
cancer risk remain conflicting. In order to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a large population-based
case–control study was performed. We found that a long CAG sequence has a protective effect on breast cancer using an a priori
determined cutoff (<22 or ≥22) in a dominant model analysis [SL–LL vs. SS, odds ratio (OR) = 0.86, 95% confidence intervals
(CI): 0.67–1.10]. A similar result was obtained by analyzing seven detailed genotyping case–control studies by allele comparison
in dominant and recessive models. However, larger scale primary study is required to further evaluate the interaction of AR CAG polymorphism and breast cancer risk. 相似文献