白屈菜中异喹啉生物碱的高效薄层分离及荧光扫描法

本文在高效硅胶板(10×10cm)上用一种展开剂,首次分离了白屈菜中八种异喹啉生物碱,即白屈菜碱(chelidonine)、黄连碱(coptisine)、四氢黄连碱(tetrahydrocoptisine)、普托品(protopine)、6-甲氧基二氢白屈菜红碱(6-methoxydihydrochelerthrine)、6-甲氧基二氢血根碱(6-methoxydihydrosanguinarine)、二氢血根碱(dihydrosanguinarine)及小檗碱(berberine),经薄层荧光衍生化后,用荧光扫描法测定了这些生物碱的含量。本实验还在薄层荧光衍生化、荧光强度的稳定及增强等方面进行了研究。     

Is an amphiphilic region responsible for the haemolytic activity of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin?†

The amino acid sequence of the 27 kDa protein responsible for the haemolytic activity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxin has been analysed by secondary structure prediction, helical wheel/net diagrams and molecular mechanics calculations. We found that segment 116–126 presumably forms a strongly amphiphilic α-helix. This is supported by the findings that the synthesized segment 116-126 (a) has a significant α-helical content in water, and (b) displays an in vitro haemolytic activity comparable to that of bee venom peptide melittin. As segment 116-126 is present in the haemolyzing, but not present in the non-haemolyzing proteins from B. thuringiensis toxins, we suggest that this segment is responsible for the lytic potential of the B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis protein.     

吡酮酸类抗菌药物的研究——Ⅵ.7-氯-6-氟-1-乙基-1,4-二氢-4-氧吡啶(2,3-c)并哒嗪-3-羧酸及其衍生物的合成与抗菌活性

由2,6-二氯-5-氟-3-氰基吡啶出发,经氰基水解、酰氯化、与重氮乙酸乙酯缩合、重氮基还原、环化五步反应合成了一个新的杂环体系,即取代的吡啶(2,3-c)并哒嗪Ⅵ。由Ⅵ为原料经不同途径制得21个新衍生物,其中10个游离酸进行了体外抗菌活性筛选。对金葡-15、大肠-1515、绿脓-29的MIC(μg/ml),除化合物Xa和Xb对大肠-1515为50外,其余均大于100。     

Effect of frequent brief awakenings from nonREM sleep on the nonREM-REM sleep cycle

Abstract In the framework of a selective sleep deprivation study, eight young men were repeatedly awakened during 3 nights from nonREM sleep (nonREMS). The mean number of awakenings per night was 27.4, 29.5 and 32.8. In order to avoid excessive suppression of slow wave sleep, no awakening occurred in the first nonREMS episode. Compared to baseline, cycle 2 was significantly prolonged in all 3 nights, and cycle 3 in night 3 only. However, after subtracting the waking intervals, the differences from baseline was eliminated. The results show that the mechanisms underlying sleep cycle control keep track of sleep time and disregard epochs of waking.     

复方氨基比林注射液组分的统计模拟分光光度法测定

统计模拟分光光度法用于制订复方氨基比林注射液3组分的含量测定。本研究用全面交叉组合实验设计,获得有限但足够的实验数据,用逐步回归法构造反映无限实体在不同UV-VIS波长下吸收度与组分含量经验关系的“最优”数学模型,用改良单纯形法寻优求出未知样品诸组分的含量,得到了圆满的结果。     

Pharmacists' and pre-registration pharmacy graduates' views of proxy consultations

Proxy consultations, when a customer seeks advice or requests a medicine on behalf of someone else, account for up to one-third of all visits to a community pharmacy. A combined qualitative and quantitative approach was taken to explore pharmacy staff perceptions, and management of, proxy consultations and the use of protocols. Based upon the results of 12 qualitative interviews, a postal questionnaire was designed and sent to 100 randomly selected community pharmacists and 100 pre-registration pharmacy graduates. Fifty-five pharmacists and 44 pre-registration pharmacy graduates (49.5 per cent overall) completed the questionnaire. Respondents cited lack of information about the patient concerning their clinical condition, symptoms or medication as particular difficulties when managing proxy consultations. Respondents offered nine strategies for coping with proxy consultations, including checking the patient medication record, obtaining additional information from the proxy customer and ringing the patient directly. Eighty-six respondents (88 per cent) thought they were more cautious when selling medicines to proxy customers. Most respondents (N=69) felt that their protocols took account of proxy customers although the majority (N=91) also thought they had to be flexible when using protocols in proxy consultations. Proxy consultations are an area of practice which merit future pharmacy practice research.     

Bone Marrow Metastases from Prostatic Cancer-Marked Cytolytic Effect after only a Few Days of Treatment with Diethylstilbestrol

A 42-year-old male patient became hospitalized with severe back pain and marked bleeding tendency from disseminated intravascular coagulation. The bone marrow aspirate showed numerous nests of cancer cells presumably from a prostatic carcinoma. After only 4 days of treatment with diethylstilbestrol his condition was markedly improved, and a new bone marrow aspirate showed extensive necrosis of the cancer cells.     

头孢西丁诱导产ACT-1型AmpC酶大肠埃希菌的比较蛋白质组学研究

目的研究产AmpC酶大肠埃希菌在头孢西丁诱导前后的蛋白质谱差异,筛选有价值的靶位。方法提取产ACT-1AmpC酶大肠埃希菌在头孢西丁诱导前后的全菌蛋白,应用双向凝胶电泳技术分析和Blue silver法染色。凝胶图像分析后,对差异蛋白质进行MALDI-TOF质谱分析。结果在所鉴定的8个差异蛋白当中,AmpC酶、外膜蛋白II和转座酶表达显著上调,而磷酸转移酶系统的葡萄糖特异性组分IIA蛋白、抗碲酸盐蛋白、丙三醇磷酰基二酯酶、硫醇过氧化物酶及细菌分化蛋白FtsZ表达下调。结论所鉴定的这些差异蛋白将为阐明产AmpC酶大肠埃希菌耐药产生的机制提供线索,也为筛选具有潜在价值的靶位提供理论依据。     

Identification of masked polycythemia vera from patients with idiopathic marked thrombocytosis by endogenous erythroid colony assay

We used the methylcellulose-culture technique to determine the utility of the erythroid progenitor growth in vitro from nonadherent T-depleted bone marrow and peripheral blood cells in distinguishing polycythemia vera (PV) from essential thrombocythemia. Thirty patients with PV (group A) and 30 patients who presented with idiopathic marked thrombocytosis with platelet count greater than 1,000 x 10(9)/L and a normal or reduced hemoglobin (Hb) level (group B) were studied at initial presentation. Endogenous (erythropoietin-independent) erythroid colonies (EEC) were found in all patients in group A and 13 in group B. The numbers of EEC were comparable between patients in group A and the 13 patients with EEC in group B, 11 of whom with initial Hb levels ranging between 6.4 g/dL and 12.6 g/dL were found to have PV 2 to 45 months after initial evaluation. The number of EEC did not correlate with the time to the progression of polycythemia, whereas myelosuppression delayed the subsequent development of PV. Of the two patients with EEC in group B who did not develop PV, both received chemotherapy soon after presentation, which might preclude the evidence of polycythemia evolution. None of the other patients in group B who did not form EEC developed PV with a median follow-up of 24 months. This study indicates that the assessment of EEC in bone marrow or blood is helpful in early identification of PV or prediction of polycythemia evolution in patients with marked thrombocytosis in whom polycythemia has been initially masked or anemia is present.