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31.
32.
Several animal models of breast cancer have been developed to study various aspects of breast cancer biology. Substantial
evidence suggests that the N-methylnitrosourea (MNU) animal model mimics human breast cancer in many respects. It has therefore been used extensively
to evaluate preventive and therapeutic agents for human breast cancer. Chemically induced rodent models are also suitable
for studying malignant progression. Recently, Liska et al. [7] established two protocols of MNU administration depending on
the animal’s age and number of applications of carcinogen, with the aim of investigating the advanced stages of mammary gland
tumours. We used the same protocol as Liska but have obtained substantially different results. These results are presented
and discussed in the frame of suggested key drawbacks of the MNU induced breast cancer rat model, as a contribution to the
debate about the suitability of that model for evaluating preventive and therapeutic agents. 相似文献
33.
Injac R Perse M Boskovic M Djordjevic-Milic V Djordjevic A Hvala A Cerar A Strukelj B 《Technology in cancer research & treatment》2008,7(1):15-25
The therapeutic utility of the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin is limited due to its cardiotoxicity. Our aim was to investigate the efficacy of fullerenol C(60)(OH)(24) in preventing single, high-dose doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats with malignant neoplasm. Experiment was performed on adult female Sprague Dawley rats with chemically induced mammary carcinomas. The animals were sacrificed two days after the application of doxorubicin and/or fullerenol, and the serum activities of CK, LDH and alpha-HBDH, as well as the levels of MDA, GSH, GSSG, GSH-Px, SOD, CAT, GR, and TAS in the heart, were determined. The results obtained from the enzymatic activity in the serum show that the administration of a single dose of 8 mg/kg in all treated groups induces statistically significant damage. There are significant changes in the enzymes of LDH and CK (p < 0.05), after an i.p. administration of doxorubicin/fullerenol and fullerenol. Comparing all groups with untreated control group, point to the conclusion that in the case of a lower alpha-HBDH/LDH ratio, results in more serious the liver parenchymal damage. The results revealed that doxorubicin induced oxidative damage and that the fullerenol antioxidative influence caused significant changes in MDA, GSH, GSSG, GSH-Px, SOD, CAT, GR, and TAS level in the heart (p < 0.05). Therefore, it is suggested that fullerenol might be a potential cardioprotector in doxorubicin-treated individuals. 相似文献
34.
Plavec G Tomić I Bihorac S Kovacević G Pavlica L Cvetković G Sikimić S Milić R 《Vojnosanitetski pregled. Military-medical and pharmaceutical review》2008,65(9):688-691
BACGROUND/AIM: Systemic connective tissue diseases (SCTD) are chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorders of unknown cause that can involve different organs and systems.Their course and prognosis are different. All of them can, more or less, involve the respiratory sistem. The aim of this study was to find out the frequency of respiratory simptoms, lung function disorders, radiography and high-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) abnormalities, and their correlation with the duration of the disease and the applied treatment. METHODS: In 47 non-randomised consecutive patients standard chest radiography, HRCT, and lung function tests were done. RESULTS: Hypoxemia was present in nine of the patients with respiratory simptoms (20%). In all of them chest radiography was normal. In five of these patients lung fibrosis was established using HRCT. Half of all the patients with SCTD had simptoms of lung involment. Lung function tests disorders of various degrees were found in 40% of the patients. The outcome and the degree of lung functin disorders were neither in correlation with the duration of SCTD nor with therapy used (p > 0.05 Spearmans Ro). CONCLUSION: Pulmonary fibrosis occures in about 10% of the patients with SCTD, and possibly not due to the applied treatment regimens. Hypoxemia could be a sing of existing pulmonary fibrosis in the absence of disorders on standard chest radiography. 相似文献
35.
Does serum prolactin indicate the presence of seizure in the emergency department patient? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vukmir RB 《Journal of neurology》2004,251(6):736-739
Abstract.
Study objective:
We sought to evaluate whether there was a correlation between elevated serum prolactin in patients presenting with the question of seizure.
Methods:
A Convenience sample of 200 consecutive patients were chosen who had a serum prolactin measurement in the setting of seizure activity.
Results:
The prolactin level was within a range of 3.90–294.00 mg/dl with an upper limit of normal being 29.9 mg/dl. Patients were ultimately diagnosed with seizure in 54.5% (109 of 200) with an abnormal prolactine in 31.0% (62 of 200). The sensitivity of this serum prolactin was 42%, the specificity was 82%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 74%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 54%. There was an overall accuracy of 60% in the diagnosis of seizure, with a likelihood ratio of 2.4 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.5–3.9).
Conclusion:
The measurement of serum prolactin is helpful as a confirmatory test, but not as screening test in the emergency department setting. 相似文献
36.
Background
Slovenia's national eHealth strategy aims to develop an efficient, flexible and modern health care informatics framework that would be comparable to the most successful EU countries. To achieve this goal, the gap between availability and usage of information and communication technology by primary care physicians needs to be reduced. 相似文献37.
Chou ET Schulman SP Thiemann DR Sohn RH Bellantoni MF Rade JJ 《The American journal of cardiology》2003,91(10):1240-1242
38.
U. C. Tripathi S. B. Nagaraja J. P. Tripathy S. K. Sahu M. Parmar K. Rade S. Bhatnagar A. Ranjan K. S. Sachdeva 《Public Health Action》2015,5(1):59-64
Setting: All multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients who had completed 6 months of treatment under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) in Uttar Pradesh, the largest state in northern India.Objective: To determine the proportion of MDR-TB patients with regular follow-up examinations, and underlying provider and patient perspectives of follow-up services.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was undertaken involving record reviews of 64 eligible MDR-TB patients registered during April–June 2013 in 11 districts of the state. Patients and programme personnel from the selected districts were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire.Results: A total of 34 (53.1%) patients underwent follow-up sputum culture at month 3, 43 (67.2%) at month 4, 36 (56.3%) at month 5 and 37 (57.8%) at month 6. Themes associated with irregular follow-up that emerged from the interviews were multiple visits, long travel distances, shortages of equipment at the facility and lack of knowledge among patients regarding the follow-up schedule.Conclusion: The majority of the MDR-TB patients had irregular follow-up visits. Provider-related factors outweigh patient-related factors on the poor follow-up examinations. The programme should focus on the decentralisation of follow-up services and ensure logistics and patient-centred counselling to improve the regularisation of follow up. 相似文献
39.
Rade Injac Martina Perse Manica Cerne Nejka Potocnik Natasa Radic Biljana Govedarica Aleksandar Djordjevic Anton Cerar Borut Strukelj 《Biomaterials》2009,30(6):1184-1196
The effects of fullerenol C60(OH)24 (Frl) at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/week (for a time-span of 3 weeks) on heart and liver tissue after doxorubicin (Dox)-induced toxicity in rats with colorectal cancer were investigated. In the present study, we used an in vivo Wistar male rat model to explore whether Frl could protect against Dox-induced (1.5 mg/kg/week for 3 weeks) chronic cardio- and hepato- toxicity and compared the effect with a well-known antioxidant, vitamin C (100 mg/kg/week for 3 weeks). According to macroscopic, microscopic, hematological, biochemical, physiological, pharmacological, and pharmacokinetic results, we confirmed that, at all examined doses, Frl exhibits a protective influence on the heart and liver tissue against chronic toxicity induced by Dox. 相似文献
40.
Rade D. Paravina DDS PhD Goran Majkic PhD Maria del Mar Perez PhD & Sudarat Kiat-amnuay DDS MS 《Journal of prosthodontics》2009,18(7):618-625
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine perceptibility and acceptability thresholds for color differences in light and dark skin-colored maxillofacial elastomers.
Materials and Methods: A total of 15 pairs of light specimens (mimicking white, Asian, and Hispanic skin) and 15 pairs of dark specimens (mimicking African-American skin) were made using skin-colored maxillofacial silicone elastomers, combined with opacifiers and pigments. Color match/mismatch and acceptable/unacceptable mismatch of each pair of specimens were visually evaluated by 45 evaluators under controlled conditions of a viewing booth. Color differences were calculated using CIELAB and CIEDE2000 formulae. After calculating the model parameters, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were analyzed. Repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test were used in a statistical analysis (α= 0.05)
Results: CIELAB/CIEDE2000 perceptibility and acceptability thresholds for light specimens were 1.1/0.7 and 3.0/2.1, respectively. Corresponding values for dark specimens were 1.6/1.2 and 4.4/3.1, respectively. Differences in primary specimen color and type of threshold were found to be significant ( p < 0.001). Only the primary specimen color effect was found to be significant in AUC comparisons.
Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, both main effects of threshold type (perceptibility and acceptability) and primary color (light and dark) on 50:50% color-difference thresholds of colored maxillofacial elastomers were found significant for both color-difference formulae used (CIELAB, CIEDE2000). In addition, significant interaction between the two main effects was found, indicating a stronger effect of skin type on acceptability than perceptibility thresholds. Primary specimen color (light vs. dark) was found to be the only significant main effect on the AUC of ROC curves constructed from logistic regression. 相似文献
Materials and Methods: A total of 15 pairs of light specimens (mimicking white, Asian, and Hispanic skin) and 15 pairs of dark specimens (mimicking African-American skin) were made using skin-colored maxillofacial silicone elastomers, combined with opacifiers and pigments. Color match/mismatch and acceptable/unacceptable mismatch of each pair of specimens were visually evaluated by 45 evaluators under controlled conditions of a viewing booth. Color differences were calculated using CIELAB and CIEDE2000 formulae. After calculating the model parameters, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were analyzed. Repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test were used in a statistical analysis (α= 0.05)
Results: CIELAB/CIEDE2000 perceptibility and acceptability thresholds for light specimens were 1.1/0.7 and 3.0/2.1, respectively. Corresponding values for dark specimens were 1.6/1.2 and 4.4/3.1, respectively. Differences in primary specimen color and type of threshold were found to be significant ( p < 0.001). Only the primary specimen color effect was found to be significant in AUC comparisons.
Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, both main effects of threshold type (perceptibility and acceptability) and primary color (light and dark) on 50:50% color-difference thresholds of colored maxillofacial elastomers were found significant for both color-difference formulae used (CIELAB, CIEDE2000). In addition, significant interaction between the two main effects was found, indicating a stronger effect of skin type on acceptability than perceptibility thresholds. Primary specimen color (light vs. dark) was found to be the only significant main effect on the AUC of ROC curves constructed from logistic regression. 相似文献