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81.
82.
Hispanics have been disproportionately impacted by HIV/AIDS. Although HIV risk is significantly elevated among severely mentally
ill persons (SMI), the risk of infection appears to be even greater among those SMI who are Hispanic, reflecting the increased
risk of HIV among Hispanics. We report on findings from the first 41 participants in a qualitative study examining the context
of HIV risk and risk reduction strategies among severely mentally ill Puerto Rican women residents in northeastern Ohio. Individuals
participated in a baseline interview, two follow-up interviews, and up to 100 hours of shadowing. Interviews and shadowing
activities were recorded and analyzed using a grounded theory. The majority of individuals reported using identification with
a religious faith. A large proportion of the participants reported that their religious or spiritual beliefs were critical
to their coping, had influenced them to reduce risk, and/or provided them with needed social support. Several participants
also reported having experienced rejection from their faith communities. The emphasis on spirituality among Puerto Rican SMI
is consistent with previous research demonstrating the importance of spirituality in the Hispanic culture and reliance on
spiritual beliefs as a mean of coping among SMI. Our results support the incorporation of spiritual beliefs into secular HIV
prevention efforts.
Loue is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Minority Public Health, School of Medicine, Case
Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Sajatovic is with the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. 相似文献
83.
Jennie C. I. Tsao PhD ; Aram Dobalian PhD JD ; Brenda A. Wiens PhD ; Julius A. Gylys PhD ; Garret D. Evans PsyD 《The Journal of rural health》2006,22(1):78-82
CONTEXT: Recent bioterrorism attacks have highlighted the critical need for health care organizations to prepare for future threats. Yet, relatively little attention has been paid to the mental health needs of rural communities in the wake of such events. A critical aspect of bioterrorism is emphasis on generating fear and uncertainty, thereby contributing to increased needs for mental health care, particularly for posttraumatic stress disorder, which has been estimated to occur in 28% of terrorism survivors. PURPOSE: Prior experience with natural disasters suggests that first responders typically focus on immediate medical trauma or injury, leaving rural communities to struggle with the burden of unmet mental health needs both in the immediate aftermath and over the longer term. The purpose of the present article is to draw attention to the greater need to educate rural primary care providers who will be the frontline providers of mental health services following bioterrorism, given the limited availability of tertiary mental health care in rural communities. METHODS: We reviewed the literature related to bioterrorism events and mental health with an emphasis on rural communities. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: Public health agencies should work with rural primary care providers and mental health professionals to develop educational interventions focused on posttraumatic stress disorder and other mental disorders, as well as algorithms for assessment, referral, and treatment of post-event psychological disorders and somatic complaints to ensure the availability, continuity, and delivery of quality mental health care for rural residents following bioterrorism and other public health emergencies. 相似文献
84.
Andréa D Bertoldi Aluísio JD Barros Anita Wagner Dennis Ross-Degnan Pedro C Hallal 《BMC health services research》2008,8(1):222
Background
Studies carried out in the community enable researchers to understand access to medicines, affordability, and barriers to use from the consumer's point of view, and may stimulate the development of adequate medicines policies. The aim of the present article was to describe methodological and analytical aspects of quantitative studies on medicine utilization carried out at the household level. 相似文献85.
GL BONACRUZ JD ARNOLD GI LESLIE L. WYNDHAM G. KOUMANTAKIS 《Journal of paediatrics and child health》1996,32(4):299-301
Objective : To determine the approach to identifying neonatal hypoglycaemia and the definition of neonatal hypoglycaemia used by neonatal paediatricians in Australian Level 3 neonatal intensive care units (NICU).
Methodology : A questionnaire was sent to the 101 neonatal paediatricians in the 22 Level 3 NICU in Australia asking their method of screening for, and definition of, neonatal hypoglycaemia.
Results : Responses were received from 70 neonatal paediatricians, including all 22 directors. A bedside glucose meter is used in 19 of 22 NICU to screen for hypoglycaemia, whilst one NICU uses a glucose analyzer and another NICU uses a visual colour comparison method. One NICU does not screen, but has blood glucose measured in a satellite laboratory. If the screening method suggests hypoglycaemia, 62 of 63 neonatal paediatricians proceed to blood glucose determination in a laboratory, mostly using plasma samples. Based on the laboratory measurement, the definition of neonatal hypoglycaemia ranged from <1.1 to 3.0 mmol/L.
Conclusions : The majority of neonatal paediatricians in Australian NICU screen for neonatal hypoglycaemia using a bedside glucose meter. There is a wide range in the definition of neonatal hypoglycaemia from <1.1 to 3.0mmol/L. 相似文献
Methodology : A questionnaire was sent to the 101 neonatal paediatricians in the 22 Level 3 NICU in Australia asking their method of screening for, and definition of, neonatal hypoglycaemia.
Results : Responses were received from 70 neonatal paediatricians, including all 22 directors. A bedside glucose meter is used in 19 of 22 NICU to screen for hypoglycaemia, whilst one NICU uses a glucose analyzer and another NICU uses a visual colour comparison method. One NICU does not screen, but has blood glucose measured in a satellite laboratory. If the screening method suggests hypoglycaemia, 62 of 63 neonatal paediatricians proceed to blood glucose determination in a laboratory, mostly using plasma samples. Based on the laboratory measurement, the definition of neonatal hypoglycaemia ranged from <1.1 to 3.0 mmol/L.
Conclusions : The majority of neonatal paediatricians in Australian NICU screen for neonatal hypoglycaemia using a bedside glucose meter. There is a wide range in the definition of neonatal hypoglycaemia from <1.1 to 3.0mmol/L. 相似文献
86.
87.
88.
Hale JD; Valk PE; Watts JC; Kaufman L; Crooks LE; Higgins CB; Deconinck F 《Radiology》1985,157(3):727-733
Multisection, dual-echo magnetic resonance (MR) transaxial images of blood vessels contain both anatomic and qualitative information about flow. Even so, the images are produced as a series of two-dimensional tomographic sections from which full visualization of connected structures is difficult. A computer algorithm was developed that automatically detects flowing blood based on pixel intensity and calculated T2 and provides reconstructed views of vessels while analyzing and displaying flow characteristics. Images of abdominal vessels, aortic aneurysms, and the heart were encoded by flow and color to demonstrate depth. In addition, these data were reconstructed to derive a more accurate assessment of patency. With this technique, transaxial images can be used to analyze flow patterns, determine patent areas, and visualize all levels of vessels in a single image. 相似文献
89.
L?LimEmail author P?Gibbs D?Yip JD?Shapiro R?Dowling D?Smith A?Little W?Bailey M?Liechtenstein 《BMC cancer》2005,5(1):132
Background
To prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of selective internal radiation (SIR) spheres in patients with inoperable liver metastases from colorectal cancer who have failed 5FU based chemotherapy. 相似文献90.
BACKGROUND: Dermatologic surgical techniques have transformed cosmetic surgery over the last two decades. Many of the advances in cutaneous laser surgery, botulinum toxin injections, tumescent liposuction, and the latest filler agents have been evaluated on willing volunteers as part of organized trials under the auspices of an Institutional Review Board (IRB). OBJECTIVES: To review the developmental history of today's IRB and to provide relevance to cosmetic dermatologic research. RESULTS: Although an IRB must evaluate the "voluntariness" of a proposed research protocol, the risk-benefit ratio, particularly of elective cosmetic dermatologic surgical human studies, is of even greater importance. CONCLUSION: As more dermatologic surgeons become involved in clinical research, an understanding of the function and purpose of the IRB has become increasingly important. Research relating to cosmetic dermatologic procedures raises challenging and perplexing problems for an IRB. 相似文献