Surface Profile of the Internal Elastic Lamina May Modulate Thrombosis Following Intracoronary Radiation in Balloon-Injured Porcine Arteries

Background: Intracoronary radiation (IR) can prevent neointima formation (NF) by reducing smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation after balloon angioplasty, but is complicated by subacute and late thrombosis. Rupture or abnormalities of the internal elastic lamina (IEL) structure and subsequent exposure of blood to the injured arterial wall can induce thrombosis and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of IR on the media and IEL after balloon overstretch injury in porcine coronary arteries. Methods: Seventeen juvenile swine (25 coronary arteries) were injured by overstretch balloon and subsequently given IR at doses of 0 or 18 Gy ⁹⁰Y prescribed to 1.2 mm from vessel wall inner surface. Two weeks following treatment, tissue sections were perfusion fixed and stained by hematoxylin-eosin or by Verhoeff-von Giesson. Smooth muscle cell α-actin was detected immunocytochemically and quantified by digital image analysis using arbitrary density units. Histomorphometry was carried out to assess intimal area (IA) and IA corrected for medial fracture length (IA/FL). The roughness index (RI) of the IEL was calculated from the surface profile length and the straight-line length. Results: NF was markedly smaller after IR as compared to control treatment. Mural thrombi were increased significantly in irradiated versus control arteries (11/14 [78%] vs 1/11 [9%]; P < 0.001). A significant decrease in SMC density was observed in the irradiated group (128 ± 13 vs 74 ± 10; P < 0.001) despite a lack of difference in medial area. The surface of the IEL was more irregular in irradiated arteries, particularly at the medial breaks (RI =20.1 ± 3.1 vs 8.7 ± 1.2; P < 0.001). When mural thrombi were present, thrombus area correlated with RI (α= 0.76; P < 0.01). Furthermore, in the irradiated group RI correlated positively with SMC density (α=0.64; P < 0.01). Conclusion: Medial structure and RI may be useful parameters by which to assess arterial healing following IR. These findings may influence the design of future IR studies aimed at reducing thrombosis and enhancing arterial healing.     

留置尿管伴随性尿路感染相关因素研究进展

留置尿管伴随性尿路感染是一种常见院内感染，其发生、发展及归转与常见普通尿路感染不同，防止细菌性生物膜的形成，改进此流系统，加强尿道外清洁消毒对其防治有一定效果。     

Hydrogen Peroxide and Wound Healing: A Theoretical and Practical Review for Hair Transplant Surgeons

BACKGROUND In most hair restoration practices, hydrogen peroxide has been routinely used to remove blood during and after hair transplant surgery. In other specialties, hydrogen peroxide is also used in these ways: wound cleaning, prevention of infection, hemostasis, and removal of debris. Despite its widespread use, there are still concerns and controversy about the potential toxic effect of hydrogen peroxide.
OBJECTIVE The objective was to review all available literature including in vivo and in vitro effects of hydrogen peroxide, as well as general wound healing research.
MATERIAL AND METHODS Literature up to and including the past three decades was investigated.
RESULTS Two pilot studies were found, and there are not enough data examining the real impact of using hydrogen peroxide in hair transplant surgery. In other specialties, H₂O₂ appears to have positive effects, such as stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor, induction of fibroblast proliferation, and collagen, or negative effects, such as cytotoxicity, inhibition of keratinocyte migration, disruption of scarless fetal wound repair, and apoptosis.
CONCLUSIONS There are not enough data in hair restoration surgery about the use of hydrogen peroxide, and it is unknown and unclear what the optimum dilution should be. Positive and negative effects were found in other specialties. Further studies are recommended.     

Results from the First 2 Years of a Clinical Trial with Recombinant DNA-derived Human Growth Hormone (Somatrem) in Turner's Syndrome

A total of 70 subjects with Turner's syndrome from 11 centres were enrolled in a study of somatrem. After an initial observation period, they were randomly assigned to one of four groups, receiving no treatment (Group 1, control); oxandrolone, 0.125 mg/kg/day (Group 2); somatrem, 0.125 mg/kg 3 times/week (Group 3); or a combination of somatrem and oxandrolone on the above dose regimens (Group 4). After 12–20 months, Groups 1 (control), 2 (oxandrolone) and 4 (combination) were treated with somatrem, 0.125 mg/kg 3 times/week, and oxandrolone, 0.0625 mg/kg/day; Group 3 remained on somatrem, 0.125 mg/kg 3 times/week. All three treatment groups showed a statistically significant increase during year 1 in growth velocity over both their pretreatment growth rates and the control group growth rate. These increases were slightly less in year 2 for the somatrem and combination therapy groups, but remained significantly higher than the year 1 control group growth rate. Plasma IGF-1 levels were elevated in years 1 and 2 in the somatrem and combination groups. Adverse events were few with the somatrem group, though mild virilization occurred with oxandrolone, alone or in combination. Bone age advancement was observed with all treatments but was greater with combination therapy; it was accompanied by height age advancement. The effect of this therapy on predicted adult height was also evaluated.     

Centre for behavioural research in cancer

The Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer (CBRC) is one of two research centres housed at the Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria, the other being an epidemiological research centre. The CBRC's main focus for research is in smoking behaviour. A feature of the Centre is its close organisational and professional links with Victoria's large publicly funded smoking prevention programme. This provides opportunities to conduct programme-related research, to influence the nature of tobacco reduction interventions and to evaluate outcomes.     

Hippocampal adult neurogenesis is enhanced by chronic eszopiclone treatment in rats

The adult hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) exhibits cell proliferation and neurogenesis throughout life. We examined the effects of daily administration of eszopiclone (Esz), a commonly used hypnotic drug and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist, compared with vehicle, on DG cell proliferation and neurogenesis, and on sleep–wake patterns. Esz was administered during the usual sleep period of rats, to mimic typical use in humans. Esz treatment for 7 days did not affect the rate of cell proliferation, as measured by 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunostaining. However, twice‐daily Esz administration for 2 weeks increased survival of newborn cells by 46%. Most surviving cells exhibited a neuronal phenotype, identified as BrdU–neuronal nuclei (NeuN) double‐labeling. NeuN is a marker of neurons. Non‐rapid eye movement sleep was increased on day 1, but not on days 7 or 14 of Esz administration. Delta electroencephalogram activity was increased on days 1 and 7 of treatment, but not on day 14. There is evidence that enhancement of DG neurogenesis is a critical component of the effects of antidepressant treatments of major depressive disorder (MDD). Adult‐born DG cells are responsive to GABAergic stimulation, which promotes cell maturation. The present study suggests that Esz, presumably acting as a GABA agonist, has pro‐neurogenic effects in the adult DG. This result is consistent with evidence that Esz enhances the antidepressant treatment response of patients with MDD with insomnia.