p53 OVEREXPRESSION AND HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION IN TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA OF THE URINARY BLADDER: CORRELATION WITH HISTOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

Seventy-nine transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) of the urinary bladder (25 grade 1, 22 grade 2, and 32 grade 3 tumours) were examined for p53 overexpression by immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody and for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Positive immunostaining for p53 was detected in 40·5 per cent of the cases; the percentage of positive cases was significantly lower in low-grade (G1 and G2) TCCs than in high-grade (G3) tumours (10·6 per cent vs. 84·4 per cent; P <0·0001). The overall rate of HPV infection was 32·9 per cent; 20·3 per cent of the cases were positive for HPV 16, 3·8 per cent for HPV 18, and 8·9 per cent for both. Consensus primers as well as type-specific primers for HPV types 6, 11, and 33 failed to detect any additional case with HPV infection. The prevalence of HPV 16 and/or HPV 18 infection was significantly higher in low-grade than in high-grade tumours (44·7 per cent vs. 15·6 per cent; P =0·0061). p53-positive cases were more common among papillary, deeply infiltrating tumours, and HPV-positive cases among papillary, non-infiltrating lesions. According to these data, p53 overexpression and HPV 16/18 infection are common findings in bladder TCC and there appears to be an inverse correlation of p53 overexpression and of HPV infection with tumour aggressiveness. The possibility of different molecular pathways in superficial low-grade and in invasive high-grade tumours is suggested.     

Waist Circumference Distribution of Chinese School-age Children and Adolescents

Background Waist circumference （WC）, a proxy measure of central body fat, is a better predictor than overall body fat for cardiovascular risk factors in both adults and children. WC cutoffs have been established in many countries, but the national WC reference has not been developed in China. Objective To study the distribution of WC in a representative group of Chinese children for establishing Chinese WC cutoff points. Methods Cross-sectional data obtained from 15 mainland provinces and Hong Kong were collected. There were 160 225 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years old in total. The subjects were divided into five regional groups namely costal city, other city, noah rural, south rural, and Hong Kong, for analyzing the distribution of WC. Results A large variation in WC distribution was found among the five groups for both sexes. Coastal city group had the highest P85 WC values consistently from the early school ages to 18-year-old compared with other groups. In contrast, south rural group had P85 values consistently lagged behind not only the city groups but also the north rural group. Hong Kong group had a high P85 WC at early ages, but because of the smaller increments of WC during adolescence, the P85 curve was gradually exceeded by the north rural groups. Catch-up trend was found in the two rural groups since the peak of puberty. These disparities were caused by not only socioeconomic and urban-rural factors but also north-south differences. Because of the regional variation of WC, a ＂gradient＂ prevalence of central obesity was prospected among these groups. Comparisons of WC distributions between the Chinese and the U.S.A or Netherlands demonstrated the necessary of setting up China＇s own WC cutoffs. Sex and age-specific percentiles were obtained and smoothed by using LMS method. Conclusion The data obtained from this study could be used to develop national WC cutoff points for Chinese children and adolescents.     

Dental caries and dental care level (restorative index) in children with diabetes mellitus type 1

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2011; 21: 13–22 Introduction. The aim of the study was to investigate caries experience and dental care index in diabetic children and to determine if correlation exists between caries experience and metabolic control, insulin treatment, and the duration of diabetes. Materials and methods. The study group consisted of 52 children and adolescents, 3–16 years of age with type 1 diabetes attending the outpatient diabetic clinic at Ghent University Hospital, Belgium. Fifty healthy subjects recruited from the paediatric dental clinic served as the control group. Caries lesions were assessed using DMF‐index both at cavity and non‐cavity levels. Participants and/or their guardians provided information about oral hygiene habits and dietary habits. Diabetes‐related data (type, duration, insulin regimen) were collected from medical records and completed with the lab data on HbAlc. Conclusion. It became clear that, although children with type 1 diabetes mellitus could be expected to run a potential high caries risk taking into account the diabetes‐associated biological and behavioural alterations, no significant differences were observed regarding caries experience and dental care between diabetic children and healthy controls. The level of untreated dental decay among the diabetic children is, however, considerably high, which was reflected by a significant lower dental attendance.     

Molar incisor hypomineralization: prevalence,severity and clinical consequences in Brazilian children

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 426–434 Background. The prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) varies considerably around the world; however, few studies have examined MIH in South American countries. Objective. To evaluate the prevalence, severity, and clinical consequences of MIH in Brazilian children residing in rural and urban areas of the municipality of Botelhos, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods. Children aged 6 to 12 years (n = 918) with all four‐first permanent molars erupted had these teeth evaluated according to the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. The examinations were conducted by two previously trained examiners, and the dental impact caused by MIH was evaluated with the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index (WHO). Results. Molar incisor hypomineralization was present in 19.8% of the 918 children, with a higher prevalence in rural areas. The majority of the defects presented were demarcated opacities without post‐eruptive structural loss, which has been considered as mild defects. Children with MIH had higher DMFT values. Conclusion. Despite the high prevalence of MIH, the severity of the defects was mild. The results indicate a positive association between MIH and the presence of dental caries.     

Liver Pathology in the Carbohydrate-deficient Glycoprotein Syndrome

Liver biopsies were examined in seven Swedish and four Belgian children with the recently described carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein (CDG) syndrome. Light microscopical findings included fibrosis, which was generally slight to moderate and without obvious cirrhotic remodelling of the parenchyma, and intracellular lipid vacuoles and glycogen. The most characteristic electron microscopical finding was lysosomal vacuoles with concentric electron-dense membranes and variable electron-lucent and electron-dense material. In a minority of the parenchymal cells, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum showed an abundance of small rounded elements. A comparison of findings in children of different ages and the examination of a second biopsy in 5 children indicated that there was no progression of the liver lesions.     

CORRELATION BETWEEN CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FINDINGS WHEN E WHOLE BLOOD FILTERABILITY RATE IS MODIFIED BY TICLOPIDINE IN THE TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

This double-blind study assessed the effects of oral ticlopidineversus placebo on whole blood filterability in two homogenousgroups of 20 rheumatoid arthritis patients taking one NSAID.The patients' clinical progress was monitored to see if modificationsin the whole blood filterability rate could be correlated withany improvement in the clinical picture. Our results showedtreatment with ticlopidine significantly (p<0.01) improvedboth the ESR (–28%) and the whole blood filterabilityrate (–15%), pain (–24%), and morning stiffness(–28%). These clinical benefits correlated with improvementin the whole blood filterability rate. Clinical benefits mayhave resulted from improved perfusion and transport of NSAIDto target tissues. KEY WORDS: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Efficacy, Haemorheology, Platelet aggregation, Red cell deformability, Plasma fibrinogen     

复方鹿角乳痛宁胶囊抗乳腺增生和镇痛的作用

目的:研究复方鹿角乳痛宁胶囊抗乳腺增生和镇痛作用,并探讨其相关的作用机制。方法:在抗乳腺增生实验中,采用雌二醇(E2)和黄体酮诱导雌性未孕大鼠形成乳腺增生模型,评价受试药复方鹿角乳痛宁胶囊对乳腺增生大鼠乳腺组织性激素受体蛋白表达及血清性激素水平的影响;在镇痛实验中,采用冰乙酸致小鼠疼痛出现扭体反应、光热辐射致大鼠疼痛出现甩尾反应,评价复方鹿角乳痛宁胶囊的镇痛作用。结果:与模型组比较,复方鹿角乳痛宁胶囊各剂量组均可显著降低乳腺增生大鼠乳腺组织雌激素受体(ER),孕激素受体(PR)蛋白表达,减少其阳性表达细胞占同类细胞数目的比率(P0.01),复方鹿角乳痛宁胶囊高、中剂量组显著降低乳腺增生大鼠血清E2,升高孕酮(P)水平(P0.05,P0.01);此外,复方鹿角乳痛宁胶囊高、中剂量组可显著延长小鼠扭体反应潜伏期(P0.01),减少扭体反应次数(P0.01),并显著缩短给药后60,120,180,240 min由光热辐射致大鼠疼痛反应的痛阈值(P0.01)。结论:复方鹿角乳痛宁胶囊可通过调节乳腺增生大鼠性激素水平抗乳腺增生,并具有显著的镇痛作用。