周细胞条件培养液对视网膜色素上皮细胞、胶质细胞及巨噬细胞增殖的影响

目的观察体外培养的视网膜周细胞条件培养液对视网膜色素上皮细胞、巨噬细胞及胶质细胞生长的影响。方法MTT法测定不同稀释度的周细胞条件培养液对色素上皮细胞、巨噬细胞及胶质细胞生长的影响。结果随着周细胞条件培养液稀释度的增加,其对上述细胞的抑制生长作用亦越明显。结论周细胞的缺失将导致色素细胞、巨噬细胞及胶质细胞的增殖,细胞间相互作用对于糖尿病视网膜病变的发生和发展是非常重要的。     

甲醛对小鼠脏器MGMT的影响

目的　研究甲醛对小鼠脏器O6 -甲基鸟嘌呤 -DNA甲基转移酶 (MGMT )表达的影响。方法　选择健康昆明小鼠 40只 ,随机分为 4组 :甲醛低剂量组 (2 5mg/m3)、中剂量组 (5mg/m3)、高剂量组 (10mg/m3)、对照组 (无甲醛暴露 ) ,每组 10只。除阴性对照组外 ,其余 3组每日吸入甲醛 1次 ,每次 4h ,连续 9周。应用链霉亲和素生物素-过氧化物酶 (SABC)免疫组化法对小鼠脑、肺、肝及肾组织中MGMT进行检测。结果　 3个染毒组小鼠肝和肺组织中MGMT表达降低 ,与对照组比较具有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1) ;脑和肾组织MGMT表达各组之间无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5)。结论　甲醛对小鼠肝和肺组织MGMT表达可能具有抑制作用     

Rathke囊肿的影像学诊断与鉴别诊断

目的:分析Rathke囊肿的CT和MRI表现,提高对该病的诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析经手术与病理证实的14例Rathke囊肿的CT及MRI资料。结果:14例Rathke囊肿,CT平扫8例,其中4例为低密度,2例等密度,1例高密度,1例囊壁可见钙化。3例CT增强扫描未见明显强化。MRI平扫主要显示为圆形或类圆形,5例位于鞍内,9例位于鞍内及鞍上。6例为长T1、长T2信号,5例为短T1、长T2信号,2例为短T1、短T2信号,1例信号不均匀。12例MRI增强扫描,其中10例未见明显强化,2例囊壁轻度强化。结论:Rathke囊肿囊液密度/信号变化多样,通过总结其影像特点并结合详细的影像学检查可对其中多数病例做出正确的定性诊断。     

分化型甲状腺癌的多因素预后分析

 【目的】探讨影响分化型甲状腺癌（differentiated thyroid carcinoma，DTC）预后的因素。【方法】回顾性收集1985年1月1日至1997年12月31日在中山大学肿瘤防治中心治疗的分化型甲状腺癌581例，对其预后进行单因素和多因素分析。【结果】581例分化型甲状腺癌的5、10、15年生存率分别为93．6％、87．5％和80．6％。单因素分析显示影响分化型甲状腺癌预后的因素有性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、T分期、远处转移、治疗方式、复发和临床病理分期，P〈0．05，病理类型、淋巴结转移对预后无显著性影响，P〉0．05。Cox多因素分析表明T分期、治疗方式和临床病理分期是影响分化型甲状腺癌预后的独立因素。【结论】性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、T分期、复发、远处转移和临床病理分期是影响分化型甲状腺癌预后的主要因素，其中T分期、治疗方式和临床病理分期为独立的预后因素。     

高危型人乳头瘤病毒检测在宫颈癌筛查中的应用价值

目的探讨将HR-HPV检测作为宫颈癌筛查手段的意义和价值。方法2004-12-2005-04对301医院妇产科门诊就诊的1231例患者,进行HPVDNA的杂交捕获法二代(HPV-HCⅡ)和液基细胞学(Thinprepcytol-ogytest,TCT)的检测,作为宫颈癌及其癌前病变的初筛。131例因细胞学异常,或细胞学正常而HPV检测阳性,或细胞学正常HPV阴性、而临床高度怀疑病变的患者行阴道镜下多点活检,结合病理结果进行分析。结果(1)1231例样本中,经TCT检测正常者1077例(87·43%),ASCUS32例(2·60%),ASCUS-H34例(2·76),LSIL73例(5·93%),HSIL15例(1·22%)。131例阴道镜下多点组织活检,病理证实炎症68例(51·91%),CINⅠ20例(15·27%),CINⅡ18例(13·74%),CINⅢ16例(12·21%),浸润癌4例(4·35%),湿疣5例(3·82%)。(2)HPV总感染率34%,HPV阳性者418例,年龄平均(36·93±10·8)岁,HPV阴性者813例,年龄平均(39·68±11·8)岁,HPV阳性组的年龄明显小于HPV阴性组,P<0·01。各病理组HPV感染率分别为:炎症58·82%,CINⅠ80%,CINⅡ72·22%,CINⅢ100%,浸润癌100%,湿疣60%。(3)阴道镜下多点活检结果:TCT和HPV均(-)者,无高度病变的发生;TCT(-)和HPV( )者中,≥CINⅡ的检出率11·1%(1/9),TCT异常和HPV阳性同时存在的病例中,≥CINⅡ的检出率最高40·5%(32/79);仅TCT异常而HPV(-)者13·2%(5/38),且5例均为CINⅡ,无原位癌和浸润癌的发生。结论持续的HR-HPV感染与宫颈病变的演进有关;HR-HPV检测是有价值的辅助诊断技术,与细胞学联合检测,为最佳宫颈癌筛查方案。     

Molecular Characterization of Duck Hepatitis B Virus Isolated from Hubei Brown Ducks

The objective of this study was to characterize the genome structure of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) isolated from Hubei brown ducks. The natural carrier rate of DHBV in adult ducks from Hubei area was investigated and the DHBV DNA-positive serum screened out. The complete genome of a DHBV strain was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned into T vector and sequenced. The results showed that the carrier rate of DHBV in Hubei brown ducks was 10 %. This strain (GenBank accession number DQ276978) had a genome of 3024 nucleotides with three overlapping open reading frames encoding the surface, core and polymerase proteins respectively. Comparison of the strain with 17 DHBV strains registered in GenBank revealed a homology from 89.3 % to 93.5 % at the nucleotide level. The sequences of the structural and functional domains of these proteins were highly conserved. The strain was found to share more signature amino acids in the polymerase genes with the "Chinese" DHBV strains than those of the "Western" country strains. This finding was also corroborated by a phylogenetic tree analysis. Therefore, the DQ276978 might belong to a subtype of the Chinese DHBV strains.     

Parent-rated behavior problems associated with overweight before and after controlling for sleep disordered breathing

Background  

Researchers and clinicians are seeking to develop efficacious behavioral interventions to treat overweight children; however, few studies have documented the behavioral correlates of overweight children in community samples. The goal of this study was to determine the nature and prevalence of behavior problems for overweight school-aged children versus normal weight peers before and after controlling for the effect of sleep disordered breathing.     

Insights into oxazaphosphorine resistance and possible approaches to its circumvention.

The oxazaphosphorines cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide and trofosfamide remain a clinically useful class of anticancer drugs with substantial antitumour activity against a variety of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. A major limitation to their use is tumour resistance, which is due to multiple mechanisms that include increased DNA repair, increased cellular thiol levels, glutathione S-transferase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities, and altered cell-death response to DNA damage. These mechanisms have been recently re-examined with the aid of sensitive analytical techniques, high-throughput proteomic and genomic approaches, and powerful pharmacogenetic tools. Oxazaphosphorine resistance, together with dose-limiting toxicity (mainly neutropenia and neurotoxicity), significantly hinders chemotherapy in patients, and hence, there is compelling need to find ways to overcome it. Four major approaches are currently being explored in preclinical models, some also in patients: combination with agents that modulate cellular response and disposition of oxazaphosphorines; antisense oligonucleotides directed against specific target genes; introduction of an activating gene (CYP3A4) into tumor tissue; and modification of dosing regimens. Of these approaches, antisense oligonucleotides and gene therapy are perhaps more speculative, requiring detailed safety and efficacy studies in preclinical models and in patients. A fifth approach is the design of novel oxazaphosphorines that have favourable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and are less vulnerable to resistance. Oxazaphosphorines not requiring hepatic CYP-mediated activation (for example, NSC 613060 and mafosfamide) or having additional targets (for example, glufosfamide that also targets glucose transport) have been synthesized and are being evaluated for safety and efficacy. Characterization of the molecular targets associated with oxazaphosphorine resistance may lead to a deeper understanding of the factors critical to the optimal use of these agents in chemotherapy and may allow the development of strategies to overcome resistance.     

激光捕获显微切割结合RNA线性扩增技术在膀胱移行细胞癌相关基因研究中的应用

目的当对有间质细胞混杂的膀胱移行上皮细胞与膀胱移行细胞癌进行基因差异表达分析时,激光捕获显微切割技术(lasercap-turemicrodissection,LCM)是不可缺少的,然而从LCM所得的细胞中获取足够RNA量相当困难。本文首次将LCM与RNA线性扩增结合用于膀胱癌相关基因研究,目的是确定一条切实可行的技术路线,将膀胱移行上皮细胞从膀胱粘膜中分离出来,将膀胱癌细胞从肿瘤间质细胞中分离出来,并对其进行RNA体外线性扩增,以备进一步研究。方法采用LCM技术分别从正常膀胱粘膜及膀胱癌组织冰冻切片中获取膀胱移行上皮细胞及膀胱癌细胞,提取RNA,并对微量RNA进行体外线性扩增。然后用RT-PCR验证扩增前、后RNA中β-actin基因表达水平。结果对照实验I证实经LCM后RNA完整性较好;经对照实验Ⅱ初步确定设定条件下LCMshooting次数与可获得RNA量间对应关系。从膀胱粘膜种捕获膀胱移行上皮细胞25万shootings;从膀胱癌组织中获取癌细胞20万shootings。产物RNA扩增后获得片段大小为0.5-2.5kh的aRNA,且β-actin基因表达表达完整。结论LCM结合RNA体外线性扩增技术能成功地获取较为单一的研究目的细胞,扩增后RNA完整性较好,能用于进一步研究中。     

中医论治不寐

不寐，是指经常不能获得正常睡眠为特征的一种病症。表现为入睡困难，时常觉醒，睡而不稳或醒后不能再睡：晨醒过早，夜不能睡；睡眠时间不足5小时。临床常伴有心悸、多梦、健忘、记忆力下降、遗精、月经不调等证候群。近年来，对失眠的报道较多，但大多数各自为政，所用的治疗方法和用药是个人经验。现将近年来所报道的进行综述，以供临床用药参考。