A cross-specialty survey to assess the application of risk stratified surgery for differentiated thyroid cancer in the UK

Introduction

This study describes variability of treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer among thyroid surgeons, in the context of changing patterns of thyroid surgery in the UK.

Methods

Hospital Episodes Statistics on thyroid operations between 1997 and 2012 were obtained for England. A survey comprising six scenarios of varying ‘risk’ was developed. Patient/tumour information was provided, with five risk stratified or non-risk stratified treatment options. The survey was distributed to UK surgical associations. Respondent demographics were categorised and responses analysed by assigned risk stratified preference.

Results

From 1997 to 2012, the Hospital Episode Statistics data indicated there was a 55% increase in the annual number of thyroidectomies with a fivefold increase in otolaryngology procedures and a tripling of cancer operations. Of the surgical association members surveyed, 264 respondents reported a thyroid surgery practice. Management varied across and within the six scenarios, and was not related consistently to the level of risk. Associations were demonstrated between overall risk stratified preference and higher volume practice (>25 thyroidectomies per year) (p=0.011), fewer years of consultant practice (p=0.017) and multidisciplinary team participation (p=0.037). Logistic regression revealed fewer years of consultant practice (odds ratio [OR]: 0.96/year in practice, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.922–0.997, p=0.036) and caseload of >25/year (OR 1.92, 95% CI: 1.044–3.522, p=0.036) as independent predictors of risk stratified preference.

Conclusions

There is a substantial contribution to thyroid surgery in the UK by otolaryngology surgeons. Adjusting management according to established case-based risk stratification is not widely applied. Higher caseload was associated with a preference for management tailored to individual risk.     

Knee pain after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: evaluation of a rehabilitation protocol

Introduction

Anterior knee pain (AKP) is a rare and difficult complication following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. This disabling pain is persistent with conventional rehabilitation protocols. The aim of this work is to validate a new rehabilitation protocol that may improve the patients and allow return to daily activities including sports.

Materials and methods

Forty-three patients identified with functional AKP after ACL reconstruction was enrolled in the rehabilitation protocol between 2009 and 2011. The series included twenty-six patients with hamstring grafting and seventeen patients with patellar tendon transplant. This study compares the functional outcomes and pain scores before and after the isokinetic protocol until the last follow-up at an average of 25.7 months after surgery. The evaluation was performed according to the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and included a pain assessment using the visual analog scale. Statistical analysis used Student’s t-test for unpaired data and the Pearson correlation test for the variables. The IKDC scores were compared by the Wilcoxon test.

Results

Functional outcomes and pain are significantly improved (p < 0.0001). The average IKDC score improved with 28 points and the pain improved with 3.2 points on the visual analog scale (VAS). The results are correlated with the follow-up time (p = 0.008) but not correlated with the delay between the surgery and the beginning of the isokinetic protocol.

Discussion

Isokinetic rehabilitation provides a significant improvement in the knee function as measured by the IKDC score and by the VAS, regardless of the painful period preceding the program. The function improvement continues after the end of the protocol, but the pain may not completely disappear. The isokinetic rehabilitation program may resume functional AKP related to muscular deficit and may be used as the starter of other physical therapy protocols.

Level of evidence

IV.     

血卟啉单甲醚声动力疗法对兔耳增生性瘢痕的疗效

目的观察血卟啉单甲醚声动力疗法对兔耳增生性瘢痕（hyperplastic scar,HS）的疗效。方法成年大耳白兔60只,随机分成5组。在声动力治疗第2、4、6、8周分别切取两组瘢痕组织,进行指标检测。结果治疗组可降低成纤维细胞密度、瘢痕增生指数,与模型对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）,可降低胶原纤维的面密度,从上皮化后第4周开始与模型组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈O．01）。结论声动力效应能够显著降低兔耳HS,可望为HS治疗提供新的手段。     

局部麻醉下腹膜前间隙无张力疝修补术500例

目的：总结局部麻醉下腹膜前间隙无张力疝修补术的临床治疗经验。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2013年12月,天津中医药大学第二附属医院收治的500例腹股沟斜疝患者500例,均行腹膜前间隙无张力修补术。结果本组患者手术均顺利完成,手术时间30∽55 min,平均（35±5）min,术后当天下地活动,全部于术后2 d出院,无需拆线。平片加固患者20例,术后使用了1∽2次镇痛药物。无皮下及阴囊血肿积液形成,无切口感染。全组随访2∽34个月,平均20个月,复发2例。腹膜前间隙血肿1例。仅平片加固患者术区不适感9例。结论腹膜前间隙无张力疝修补术是一种较合理的修补方式,具有安全有效,术后恢复快,并发症少,近期疗效满意等优点。     

腹腔镜直肠癌切除肠系膜血管裸化及左结肠动脉保留术

直肠癌前切除术中保留左结肠动脉能有效保证吻合口的血供,减少术后吻合口漏发生率。术中于乙状结肠系膜内侧打开浆膜,分离至肾前间隙,向左、向尾侧、向头侧进一步游离、扩大该间隙,显露并注意保护左侧输尿管、左侧生殖血管。充分游离肾前间隙后,放入小纱布以作标记。提起肠系膜下血管根部系膜组织,彻底分离清扫肠系膜下动脉根部淋巴脂肪组织。清晰显露左结肠动脉的走行方向,注意保护之,在其远端夹闭、切断肠系膜下动脉,以保证近端肠管血运。余步骤按腹腔镜下全直肠系膜切除法＋双吻合器法切除直肠肿瘤及重建肠道。     

七叶皂苷片促进合并组织学炎症的前列腺增生患者术后下尿路症状的改善

目的探讨将七叶皂苷片应用于合并前列腺组织学炎症的前列腺增生（BPH）患者,观察其对经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）后早期下尿路症状（LUTS）的改善作用。 方法2015年11月至2018年5月,我院116例合并前列腺组织学炎症的BPH患者,随机分为治疗组（n=58）和对照组（n=58）,均行TURP。治疗组在对照组基础上,从手术后第3天起开始口服七叶皂苷片2片/次,2次/d,直至拔导尿管后4周。记录两组患者术前、拔管后第7天和拔管后第28天的国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）和生活质量（QOL）评分,并记录两组急性尿潴留（AUR）和急迫性尿失禁（UUI）发生的例数。 结果两组患者术后IPSS和QOL评分均较术前有明显下降,但治疗组较对照组的IPSS和QOL评分下降幅度更大,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,治疗组发生UUI的例数明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,而两组发生AUR的例数差异无统计学意义。 结论七叶皂苷片可以促进合并前列腺组织学炎症的BPH患者TURP术后早期LUTS的改善。     

经皮内镜椎间孔入路手术治疗老年腰椎间盘突出症的临床分析

目的探讨经皮内镜椎间孔入路手术治疗老年腰椎间盘突出症的适应证,分析手术技术及疗效。 方法回顾性收集辽宁省抚顺市中心医院骨科2016年1月至2018年6月,采用经皮内镜椎间孔入路手术治疗单责任节段老年腰椎间盘突出症患者67例,男性24例,女性43例,年龄60~87岁,平均年龄（68±7）岁。责任节段：L_3~4间盘突出11例,L_4~5间盘突出42例,L₅~S₁间盘突出14例。病程0.5~36个月。采用疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）、改良MacNab评价临床疗效。 结果本组均顺利完成手术,手术时间60~150 min,平均（105±18）min。随访6~12个月,平均（7.5±1.6）个月。除1例症状未改善外,其余66例患者腰腿痛症状及神经功能障碍均有不同程度的缓解。术前患者腰痛VAS评分为（3.5±1.2）分,腿痛VAS评分为（8.0±1.1）分,ODI指数为（70±18）,术后6~12个月随访时腰痛VAS评分为（1.7±0.9）分,腿痛VAS评分为（1.0±1.6）分,ODI指数为（17±10）,差异均有统计学意义（t=13.718,t=30.973,t=23.059,均P=0.000）。按照改良MacNab评价标准,优42例,良18例,可5例,差2例,优良率89.55%。无硬膜撕裂、神经根损伤和感染,术中出现颈痛3例,术后出现下肢一过性麻木疼痛5例,下肢疼痛持续残留2例,出现对侧下肢疼痛1例,腰痛明显加重2例,复发1例。 结论具备熟练的椎间孔镜技术,掌握好手术适应证,明确责任阶段,采用经皮内镜椎间孔入路手术治疗老年腰椎间盘突出症可取得良好的近期效果。     

肝外胆管癌术后辅助放化疗治疗进展

肝外胆管癌（ECC）是一种恶性程度较高的肿瘤,即使在病变早期进行根治性切除手术,患者术后仍有较高的复发率,总体生存率低。近几年来,ECC术后辅助治疗的研究逐渐开展,以吉西他滨、氟尿嘧啶等为基础的辅助化疗或联合放、化疗可使ECC患者术后获益,延长患者的总生存期。然而现有的辅助治疗方案各异,缺少ECC术后辅助治疗的标准方案。本文结合最新发表的研究结果,讨论ECC术后辅助治疗的现状和主要措施。     

上海地区胆囊结石病的流行病学调查

目的: 研究上海地区居民胆囊结石病（以下简称胆石病）的患病情况及其相关的危险因素。方法: 2010年8月至2011年7月期间,对上海三个区部分20~79岁自然人群15 256人进行横断面调查。其中男8 617人,女6 639人。使用问卷调查、体格检查和实验室生化分析等方法收集参加者相关临床数据。胆囊疾病采用空腹B超检查确诊。采用t检验和Logistic逐步回归分析与胆石病相关的危险因素。结果: ①胆石病总体患病率为7.02%,女性（8.10%）略高于男性（6.19%）（P<0.05）。不论性别,胆石病的患病率随年龄递增（P<0.05）。②胆囊总体切除率为2.48%,女性（3.42%）是男性（1.75%）的约2倍（P<0.05）,也随年龄递增（P<0.05）。③Logistic逐步回归分析显示,女性、高龄、脂肪肝、胆石病家族史、高血压、体质量指数增加为胆石病相关的危险因素。结论: 本研究调查显示,当前上海地区人群总体胆石病患病率为7.02%,胆囊切除率为2.48%。性别、年龄、脂肪肝、胆石病家族史、高血压和体质量指数与胆石病发生密切相关。     

肠道微生态与银屑病的中医研究

银屑病是一种常见的以慢性炎性反应为特征的全身心身疾病,与肠道菌群紊乱密切相关。中医的整体观和恒动观与肠道微生态的整体性、动态性特征相契合;"肺与大肠相表里"、"肺主皮毛"、"肠-脑-皮轴"学说,及已有有关中医药维持肠道微生态稳态的研究,为从肠道微生态角度探索银屑病的中医诊治机制提供了依据。将传统中医证候与客观的微生态学相结合,明确不同中医证型肠道微生态的特征性变化,探究可调节此类肠道微生态失调的中药复方制剂或单味药物,通过肠道菌群与中医"方"和"证"结合研究以寻找中医药治疗银屑病的新思路及新方法。