中药治疗失眠概述

失眠，中医学称为不寐，轻者表现为入睡困难，睡则易醒，重者彻夜不得眠，足临床上的常见病、多发病，病程长，缠绵难愈，严重影响患者的：亡作和生活质量。中医药治疗失眠有其独到的见解，文献报道小少，现仅将近一年的文献摘其重点综述如下。     

水中微量甲胺磷农药的检验

目的选择检出水中微量甲胺磷农药的最佳方案。方法分别使用液-液萃取法、固相萃取法、活性炭富集法提取甲胺磷含量极低的液体检材，提取液经MS／GC检验。结果液-液萃取法为阴性结果，固相萃取法、活性炭富集法为阳性结果。结论实验表明对于常规液-液萃取方法效果欠佳的甲胺磷含量极低的液体检材，采取固相萃取法或活性炭富集法进行萃取，可提高检出率。     

胆囊切除术后残余胆囊结石56例诊治及预防

目的:探讨胆囊切除术后残余胆囊结石的诊治和预防方法,减低此并发症的发生率。方法:对56例残余胆囊结石再次手术的病例进行回顾性分析。56例中初次手术行经典胆囊切除术18例,小切口胆囊切除术16例,腹腔镜胆囊切除术22例;急诊手术30例,择期手术26例;初次手术在三级以下医院施行42例,在三级以上医院施行14例。结果:除1例因粘连严重并发门脉高压症,分离时引起大出血被迫终止手术外,55例再次手术成功,切除残留胆囊及结石后,症状均消失,疗效满意。结论:合理掌握胆囊切除术的手术时机、和术式,在术中解剖清楚胆囊管、肝总管、胆总管三管关系,然后距胆总管0.3~0.5cm切断结扎胆囊管,是预防残余胆囊结石的关键。     

帕金森病的中西医研究进展

帕金森病是一种常见的中枢神经系统慢性退行性疾病,临床表现以静止性震颤、肌张力增高、运动迟缓、姿势反射障碍及植物神经功能紊乱为主要特征。流行病学调查表明,帕金森病发病率约为160／10万,仅在我国就有帕金森病患者约150万,且随年龄的增加呈上升趋势,是导致老年人致残的三     

我国居民看电视时间的分析

目的了解我国居民看电视的现状,为制定干预措施提供基础资料。方法使用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查数据,对我国6岁及以上居民66601人(男性32254人,女性34347人)的看电视情况进行分析。结果92.1%的居民看电视,城市居民(94.3%)看电视的比例高于农村(91.2%),男性(93.0%)高于女性(91.2%),18~59.9岁居民高于其他年龄组居民。居民平均每星期看电视的时间是2.1小时,其中城市(2.3小时)高于农村(2.0小时),18岁及以上居民高于18岁以下居民,男女间差别不大。平均每天看电视时间小于1小时、1~2小时、2~3小时、3小时及以上的居民所占比例依次为13.9%、25.5%、34.6%和26.0%。结论我国6岁以上居民绝大多数看电视,看电视时间2小时及以上的居民所占比例比较高,不同年龄、性别、城乡居民看电视时间存在差异。     

廊坊市六类职业人群慢性病现况调查分析

目的调查廊坊市职业人群健康状况与主要疾病在不同职业、不同性别、不同年龄人群中的分布,为开展健康教育提供依据。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,抽取廊坊市机关公务员、教师、医务人员、科技人员、企业职工和商业服务人员共6类职业人群220个单位26880人的健康体检报告,按职业、性别、年龄进行了健康状况的调查分析。结果6类职业人群体检合格7900人,占29.4%,患1种疾病6945人,占25.8%,患2种疾病4915人,占18.3%,患3种疾病2793人,占10.4%,患4种及以上疾病1619人,占6.0%;6类职业人群中脂肪肝6067人(22.6%)、高血脂4860人(18.1%)、高血压3698人(13.8%),均为现患疾病的前三位;在男性与女性比较中,疾病检出率男性均高于女性,差异具有显著性(P<0.001);在6类职业人群疾病的年龄分布上,脂肪肝、高血脂以50岁年龄组检出率最高,高血压、高血糖的检出率以60岁组最高。结论脂肪肝、高血脂症等疾病与行为、生活方式有着密切联系,是危害廊坊市职业人群健康的主要疾病,要通过大力开展健康教育和健康促进活动,增强职工健康意识和预防疾病的能力。     

Effects of kadsurenone on the systemic inflammatory response in rat model of acute pancreatitis

Objective： To study the effects of kadsurenone on inflammatory mediators Platelet-activating factor （PAF）, tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） and interleukin-6（IL-6） in rat model of acute pancreatitis（AP）. Methods： SD male rats （104） were randomly divided into sham group （n = 24）, AP group （n = 40） and kadsurenone group （n = 40）. The rats were killed 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours after operation. The serum level of PAF, TNF-α and IL-6 was measured. Results： The serum level of PAF, TNF-α and IL-6 of AP group was significantly increased（P 〈 0.01 ）compared with control group. The serum level of TNF-α got to a peak 6 hours after operation, and the serum IL-6 getting to a peak 12 hours after operation in AP group. After kadsurenone was administered to AP rats, pancreas and lung myeloperoxidase （MPO）, serum amylase activity was reduced. Histology showed a trend toward improvement. The serum level of PAF, TNF-α and IL-6 was significantly decreased （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion. Kadsurenone can reduce the severity of systemic inflammation in rats with AP and relieve the damage of the pancreas and lung in AP rats. These results suggested that kadsurenone may be useful in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.     

川崎病治疗进展

川崎病(KD)较为常见,近年来治疗上有很大进展,但仍有一些治疗方法有争议,如阿司匹林(ASA)剂量和静注丙种球蛋白(丙球,IVIG)使用方法,有一些难点没有很好解决,如耐IVIG的KD和冠状动脉病变(CAL)的治疗。本文重点介绍KD治疗的进展及上述有争议问题的国内外文献报道和个人的经验与体会。1ASA的应用ASA有4个作用:抗炎、退热、镇痛、抗血小板凝聚。KD有全身性血管炎症、高热、血小板升高。因此ASA适用于KD治疗,ASA作用机制为抑制血小板环氧化酶产生,阻断血栓素A2产生,达到防止血小板凝集及血栓形成,但单用ASA见效较缓慢,不能显著…     

Second-trimester double or triple screening for Down syndrome: a comparison of Chinese and Caucasian populations.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the performance of double screening (measuring maternal serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein [AFP] and total beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin [hCG] as markers for Down syndrome) with that of triple screening (also measuring levels of unconjugated estriol [uE3]) in the second trimester of pregnancy, and to compare ethnic variance between Chinese and Caucasian populations. METHODS: The study investigated 15096 normal singleton pregnancies and 24 pregnancies affected with Down syndrome. Frequency distributions of AFP, hCG, and uE3 levels were analyzed. Likelihood ratios (LRs) were calculated using the multiple of median value (MoM) of AFP, hCG, and uE3 as variables. After multiplying maternal age risk by the LR values for the markers used in double and triple screening, the specific risks obtained with double and triple screening were estimated. The detection rate (DR) and false-positive rate (FPR) were calculated at different cut-off points. The serum markers' levels were also compared with those of Caucasian women. RESULTS: The median MoM value of hCG was higher in women with affected pregnancies (1.40) than those with unaffected pregnancies (1.00). However, the median MoMs of AFP and uE3 (0.79 and 0.68) were lower in affected than in unaffected pregnancies. At a FPR of 5%, the detection rates reached with double and triple screening were 50% and 66.7%, respectively. Ratios of the 3 serum markers' medians to those in a study with Caucasian women were 1.06 (range=1.04-1.09) for AFP, 1.14 (range=1.10-1.17) for hCG, and 1.28 (range=1.23-1.41) for uE3 for the relevant gestational weeks. CONCLUSION: Triple screening performed better than double screening in the second trimester. Ethnic variance should be taken into account in Down syndrome screening.     

Caloric and rotatory chair test results in patients with Ménière's disease.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether an association exists between the parameters of the caloric and rotatory chair tests in patients with unilateral Ménière's disease. METHODS: Patients with unilateral Ménière's disease (n = 100) were subjected to the caloric and the rotatory chair test (sinusoidal harmonic acceleration and impulsive tests) on the same day. Canal paresis and directional preponderance were assessed in the caloric test, and different variables were measured in the rotatory chair test based on the existence of abnormal parameters in the vestibulo-ocular reflex at two or three consecutive frequencies of those tested and on the time constant of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A prospective study was conducted at a University hospital. RESULTS: An abnormal result in the caloric test was obtained from 73% of the patients. In the rotatory chair test, the most frequent abnormal findings involved increases in the normal phase lead at 2 consecutive frequencies tested (23%). There was a stronger association between an abnormal result in phase, gain, and/or symmetry at three adjacent frequencies and a pathological result in the caloric test. CONCLUSION: Very few of the criteria used to define the caloric and rotatory chair tests seem to be associated. This confirms previous knowledge that both tests examine vestibulo-ocular reflex by different ways. Only when vestibular dysfunction is severe enough (manifested by the finding of an abnormal result in at least three consecutive frequencies in the rotatory chair test), the caloric test is also found to be abnormal.