Standardization and quality control of sperm concentration and sperm motility counts in semen analysis

The paper reports a study of standardization and quality controlof sperm concentration counts and visual motility assessmentsin human semen analyses performed for infertility investigationsand from internal quality control procedures. Sperm concentrationdeterminations were performed in Improved Neubauer haemocytometerson volumetric dilutions made using a positive displacement pipettorfor sampling the liquefied semen. In addition to a standard1+19 dilution a second dilution of either 1+9, 1+19 or 1+49was made according to whether the estimated sperm concentrationwas <20, 20–100 or > 100 x l0⁶/ml respectively.The duplicate determinations of sperm concentration were highlysignificantly correlated (P << 0.001) with <5% variability.Parallel visual sperm motility assessments were made by twopairs of technicians and showed highly significant correlations(P << 0.001) between technicians in the determinationof the percentages of motile and progressive spermatozoa aswell as the subjective rating of sperm progressivity. When thesevalues were incorporated into a calculated motility index whichgave added weight to the progressive spermatozoa and to theirquality of progression the correlations between techniciansremained highly significant (P << 0.001) with averagedifferences of the order of 1.0%. Therefore, provided that sufficientattention is paid to technician training, regular standardizationchecks and the use of only proven reliable procedures, quantitativelyaccurate values for sperm concentration and motility can beobtained in routine semen analyses.     

以岗位胜任力为导向构建超声医学人机对话教学与考试系统的研究△

目的：以岗位胜任力为导向,构建超声医学人机对话教学与考试系统,观察应用于超声医师规范化培训中的临床教学效果。方法：选取南京医科大学附属儿童医院规范化培训住院医师30名,2018~2021年规培学员16名为研究组,采用人机对话模式教学,2014~2017年规培学员14名为对照组,采用传统讲授方式教学。对比两组培训后考核成绩的差异,并对所有学员进行问卷调查。结果：第一阶段研究组理论成绩与对照组相比无差异（86.1±4.3分vs. 83.8±4.2分;t=1.625,P＞0.05）,第二阶段研究组理论与操作成绩均优于对照组（93.8±2.3 vs. 88.2±2.9,t=4.985,P＜0.05;94.6±1.5 vs. 89.9±1.4,t=9.358,P＜0.05）。问卷调查显示,人机对话教学与考试系统的构建其课程设计及授课方式的满意度较高。结论：构建超声医学人机对话教学与考试系统适用于超声医学的住院医师规范化培训,并能有效提升学员的岗位胜任力。     

Anticancer Mechanism of Curcumin on Human Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor and accounts for most adult brain tumors. Current available treatment options for GBM are multimodal, which include surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. Despite the significant advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, GBM remains largely resistant to treatment, with a poor median survival rate between 12 and 18 months. With increasing drug resistance, the introduction of phytochemicals into current GBM treatment has become a potential strategy to combat GBM. Phytochemicals possess multifarious bioactivities with multitarget sites and comparatively marginal toxicity. Among them, curcumin is the most studied compound described as a potential anticancer agent due to its multi-targeted signaling/molecular pathways properties. Curcumin possesses the ability to modulate the core pathways involved in GBM cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy, paraptosis, oxidative stress, and tumor cell motility. This review discusses curcumin’s anticancer mechanism through modulation of Rb, p53, MAPK, P13K/Akt, JAK/STAT, Shh, and NF-κB pathways, which are commonly involved and dysregulated in preclinical and clinical GBM models. In addition, limitation issues such as bioavailability, pharmacokinetics perspectives strategies, and clinical trials were discussed.     

CT在卵巢肿瘤中的应用价值

目的 :评价卵巢肿瘤的CT诊断价值。方法 :搜集经手术和病理证实的 2 0例卵巢肿瘤 ,对其CT表现作回顾性分析。结果 :2 0例卵巢肿瘤中 ,单纯性卵巢囊肿 2例 ,卵巢成熟性畸胎瘤 4例 ,卵巢甲状腺肿 1例 ,卵巢囊腺瘤 3例 ,卵巢无性细胞瘤1例 ,卵巢颗粒细胞瘤 1例 ,卵巢癌 8例。结论 :CT对卵巢肿瘤的定位及定性诊断有重要的价值 ,但对卵巢良、恶性肿瘤的鉴别须结合病史和年龄。     

内镜下气囊扩张治疗贲门失驰缓症临床应用研究

目的 :探讨贲门失弛缓症患者食管动力学及气囊扩张的疗效。方法 :在内镜及X线监视下 ,用OTW气囊对 1 6例患者进行扩张 ,压力为 80～ 1 5 5kPa,维持 30s～1min ,反复 3～ 5次。对 7例患者在扩张前后使用瑞典产C—TD、PCPolyral压力测定仪作了下食管括约肌 (LES)压力、上食管括约肌 (UES)压力检测。结果 :1 6例患者临床症状显著改善 ,可进半流食和普食。 7例患者治疗前LES压力 (7 4± 1 4)kPa,扩张治疗LES压力 (3 4± 0 5 2 )kPa ,扩张治疗后LES压力较治疗前明显下降 (P <0 0 1 )。结论 :贲门失弛缓症存在明显食管动力障碍 ,气囊扩张疗效显著 ,采用渐进式气囊扩张方法 ,可避免食管穿孔的发生。     

老龄大鼠嗅球内神经元超微结构的观察

目的：电镜下观察老龄大鼠嗅球内神经元超微结构改变。方法：2%多聚甲醛、戊二醛混合固定液灌流大鼠,取嗅球,制备超薄切片,电镜观察。结果：突触小球、小球周细胞、僧帽细胞和刷细胞数量减少,核膜断裂,染色质外溢,粗面内质网、高尔基复合体减少。线粒体固缩或形成髓鞘样小体。结论：嗅球内突触小球和神经元减少,细胞器老化可能是导致老年性嗅觉障碍的主要原因。     

中国心身健康量表与SCL—90作为筛查工具的应用和适用性比较

目的：比较中心心身健康量表（CPSHS）和SCL90在筛选正常人群心理障碍方面的品质和适用性。方法：采用CPSHS和SCL－90同时测试457例学生。结果：CPSHS与SCL－90的筛查结果虽在判别阴、阳病例的总体上有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。但两者的阳性率（13．6％,10．9％）,经Mcnemar检验无显著性差异（P＞0．05）,一致性检验具有显著性意义（Kappa=0.451)。各量表筛查阳性病例中,CPSHS躯体体化因子的贡献率明显高于SCL－90（88．75,24．0％）。CPSHS与SCL－90的总分以及所有各因子均存在密切相关（r=0.139-0.707,P均＜0．01）。结论CPSHS既与CL－90有较好的平行效度,同时躯体症状因子和测试项目的增多更符合中国国情,对无效或不合作测试也能进行较好判别。完全可以作为中国正常人群心身问题的筛查工具。与SCL－90相比,具有更好的适用性。     

葡萄籽提取物对四氯化碳诱导大鼠脂质过氧化反应的影响

目的 :研究葡萄籽提取物对四氯化碳 (CCl4 )引起的脂质过氧化反应和抗氧化能力的影响。方法 :通过对大鼠的体内实验 ,测定大鼠肝和脑组织中由 CCl4 诱导产生的过氧化脂质生成物丙二醛(MDA) (TBA法 )的含量、血清中的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) (比色法 )活性和血清中总抗氧化能力(T- AOC) (比色法 )。结果 :葡萄籽提取物可明显降低大鼠肝和脑组织中 MDA的生成量 ,明显升高血清中 SOD活性和 T- AOC。结论 :葡萄籽提取物具有明显的抗氧化作用。     

气固法合成氯磺化聚乙烯——Ⅱ.氯磺化反应影响因素

以氯化聚乙烯为原料,氯气和二氧化硫为反应气体,紫外光引发,气固法合成了氯磺化聚乙烯。通过元素分析得出,氯磺化反应中不存在氯化和脱氯的副反应。在釜式反应器内研究了氯磺化反应的气固相反应机理,发现气体的内扩散和本征化学反应是氯磺化反应的控制步骤,升高温度（在30－50℃范围内）使氯磺化反应后期的速率显著提高,这是由氯化聚乙烯的共结晶的熔融引起的。还讨论了氯化聚乙烯的链结构和固态结构对氯磺化反应的影响。