冠状动脉架桥术麻醉及围手术期处理

目的 :介绍 1997年 4月至 1999年 10月我院 180例冠脉架桥手术 (CABG)患者麻醉特点及处理原则。方法 :采用小剂量咪唑安定 ,阈下值氯胺酮 ,常规剂量芬太尼诱导 ,异氟醚、异丙酚持续镇静的麻醉方法 ,分析180例接受CABG手术的患者的临床资料及麻醉用药情况和术中血流动力学状况。结果 :本组麻醉诱导平稳 ,循环稳定 ,体外循环时间平均 115min ,升主动脉阻断时间平均 5 5min。围术期死亡率 0 6 % (1例死于鱼精蛋白过敏 )。患者术后清醒时间 46h ,拔管时间平均 14h。结论 :即使是在严重冠心病患者 ,采用多种小剂量镇静药及大剂量芬太尼诱导、维持的麻醉方法 ,能获得平稳的麻醉诱导和维持以及稳定的血流动力学状态 ,从而有效防止围手术期低血压和心律失常造成的心肌缺血和围手术期心肌梗死的发生。     

Estimation of the aging rates of populations through the prevalence of age-related diseases

Ten prevalences of disease or functional affections due to degenerative processes that statistically show a significant age-dependent behaviour were taken as variables for a biological aging study of a population living in a district of Madrid. The cross-sectional procedure consisted in grouping the disease prevalences by age decades and calculating aging by the vector-analytical mathematical method in which the age-dependent prevalence was the result of one of the total of 10 vector components. The progressive accumulative increase of the vector distances from the origin as well as the distances among the vectors in relation to the population age was considered as biological aging. On the basis of similar mathematical models the results were compared with those obtained from other populations in which different indicators were used; the results are concurrent, but show here a greater aging acceleration than when the population was composed solely of healthy individuals. This is considered a logical consequence due to the sample composition. The presented procedure, focussed epidemiologically, can be useful in comparing aging of populations.     

Lead-induced blockade of kainate-sensitive receptor channels

The effects of bivalent lead on ion channels activated by kainate and -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolpropionate (AMPA) were studied using Xenopus oocytes microinjected with mRNA from rat brain. Lead reduced kainate-induced membrane currents in a reversible and dose-dependent manner, without affecting membrane currents induced by AMPA. Lead decreased the kainate currents with a concentration of 0.1 mol/l to 0.93 ± 0.01 and with a concentration of 100 mol/l to 0.41 ± 0.04 of the control values. The blocking effect of lead on kainate responses was voltage dependent. The inhibition was strongest at - 90 mV to - 70 mV and became weaker at more positive membrane potentials. The effect of lead on the kainate-induced membrane currents remained unchanged when the concentration of kainate was increased. Hence lead probably represents a noncompetitive channel-blocking agent for non-N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channels activated by kainate.     

The use of the STRs HUMTH01, HUMVWA31/A,HUMF13A1, HUMFES/FPS,HUMLPL in forensic application: Validation studies and population data for Galicia (NW Spain)

The 5 tetranucleotide short tandem repeats, HUMTHOI, HUMVWA31/A, HUMF13A1, HUMFES/FPS and HUMLPL were studied using different electrophoretic methods and PCR amplification conditions in order to optimize the typing conditions. A genetic population study in the population of Galicia was carried out and the allele and genotype frequencies are given. Compliance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested using different statistical parameters, with clear advantages resulting in favor of using the exact test (Guo-Thompson method) instead of conventional chi-square methods. Some statistical parameters of forensic interest (PD, CE, h) were also calculated. There were no mutations found in a total of 73 paternal meioses and 101 maternal meioses. Abnormal electrophoretic mobility was found in the AT-rich STR HUMF13AI under non-denaturing conditions and, therefore, the use of denaturing conditions is absolutely necessary. No "stutter" bands were found, although double peaks in the HUMFES/FPS system were observed in some samples. The advantage of using automated sequencers with fluorescent technology is also reported.     

北京市西城区1989～1997年预防接种副反应分析

为分析发生预防接种副反应的原因,以控制和降低副反应的发生率,对１９８９～１９９７ 年北京市西城区预防接种副反应的监测资料做了分析。１９８９～１９９７ 年北京市西城区预防接种副反应发生率为３８－４９／１０ 万。其中１９９４ 年副反应发生率最低,为０－８４／１０ 万;１９９７ 年副反应发生率最高,为３１６－５７／１０ 万。副反应发生年龄以６ 岁最多,占总反应的７２－７０ ％ ;其次为＜ １ 岁,占９－３９％ 。９０－０９ ％ 的副反应发生在接种后≤１ 天。８８－１７％ 的副反应与接种≥２ 次同种疫苗有关。一般反应、加重反应、异常反应分别占总反应的２－０９％ 、７０－６１％ 、２７－３０％ 。其中１５７ 例异常反应中过敏反应占５９－２４％ ,非特异性反应占４０－７６％ 。     

大鼠肝细胞线粒体三维结构的观察与重建

为深入研究大鼠肝细胞线粒体形态特征,本研究以钻石刀连续超薄切片,通过电子显微观察大鼠肝细胞线粒体的三维结构,对特殊形态的线粒体进行三维结构重组。结果表明：球形,椭球形,盘状及杆状等小型线粒体约占线粒体总数的５３．８％,而分枝形及各种不规则形的线粒体约占４１．６％。     

早期梅毒51例临床与实验分析

目的：分析早期梅毒的临床特点,评价梅毒实验室诊断技术。方法：总结５１例早期梅毒的临床表现,对ＲＰＲ、ＦＴＡ－ＡＢＳ、蛋白印迹法以及ＰＣＲ等多种诊断方法进行评价。结果：一期梅毒较少,多表现为不典型下疳,女性患者易于漏诊;二期梅毒较多,临床表现多我样但皮疹常以阴剖为主,掌跖暗红色斑疹、肛周扁平湿疣较为常见。在实验诊断方面,ＲＰＲ对本组病例的敏感性为７３．２％,ＦＴＡ－ＡＢＳ为９４．１％,蛋白印迹法为１     

Chronic and acute compressive spinal cord lesions in dogs due to intervertebral disc herniation are associated with elevation in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid glutamate concentration

Acute injury to the central nervous system initiates a series of biochemical events that cause secondary tissue damage. The accumulation of excessive concentrations of glutamate in the extracellular space causes excitotoxic damage, and is incriminated as a mediator of this secondary tissue damage. The aim of this study was to measure the concentration of glutamate in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from the cerebellomedullary cistern and lumbar subarachnoid space in dogs with acute and chronic compressive injuries of the cervical and thoracolumbar spinal cord, and to correlate the glutamate concentration with injury severity. The results demonstrate that focal injuries of the spinal cord do not affect the glutamate concentration in CSF taken from the cerebellomedullary cistern. However, dogs with severe, acute thoracolumbar disc herniations have two- to 10-fold increases in glutamate concentration in their lumbar CSF at intervals of >12 h after injury. Moreover, the severity of their clinical signs is directly related to the glutamate concentration. Dogs with chronic compressive thoracolumbar lesions have a two-fold elevation of CSF glutamate concentration, suggesting that excitotoxicity may also be a component of chronic spinal cord compression.