上海市黄浦区社会办医疗美容机构《医疗美容管理办法》知晓情况调查

目的了解上海市黄浦区社会办医疗美容机构的管理人员和医师对《医疗美容管理办法》相关内容的掌握情况,发现存在的问题并提出改善建议.方法采用现场调查与现场问卷调查相结合的方式,对在上海市黄浦区开展医疗美容科目的所有社会办医疗机构(共计38家)进行全覆盖现场调查,并对其中的管理人员41人、相关医师31人进行问卷调查.结果38家社会办医疗美容机构中,美容外科和美容皮肤科的开展率较高,分别为96.8%和97.2%,而美容牙科开展率为52.4%,美容中医科开展率最低(25.0%).管理人员关于非主诊医师可在主诊医师指导下工作的知晓率仅68.3%.关于美容外科、皮肤科、中医科、牙科主诊医师应具备的工作年限,管理人员答对率为90.2%,医师答对率为72.0%,二者有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论社会办医疗美容机构中的二级科目设置需进一步优化,以减少资源空置.应加强对医疗机构管理人员和医师的法律培训,改变经营模式,制定明确的准入与退出机制,从而减少违法违规行为的发生.     

大椎刮痧治疗小儿外感发热(风热型)的临床疗效观察

【目的】观察大椎刮痧结合布洛芬口服对小儿外感发热(风热型)的疗效。【方法】将100例风热型外感发热患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各50例。对照组给予布洛芬口服治疗,治疗组给予大椎刮痧结合布洛芬口服治疗。观察2组患儿治疗前及治疗后30 min、60 min、120 min的体温变化情况,评价2组患儿治疗后120 min的降温疗效、中医证候疗效和安全性。【结果】(1)观察过程中,治疗组脱落1例,其余49例完成试验;对照组无脱落病例,50例全部完成试验。(2)治疗后30、60、120 min,2组患儿的体温均逐渐降低,与治疗前及前1个观察时点比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组在治疗后60、120 min的体温均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)治疗后120 min,2组患儿的中医证候积分均较治疗前降低(P0.05),且治疗组的中医证候积分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(4)降温疗效方面,治疗后120 min,治疗组的总有效率为100.0%(49/49),对照组为96.0%(48/50),治疗组的降温疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(5)中医证候疗效方面,治疗后120 min,治疗组的有效率为61.2%(30/49),对照组为18.0%(9/50),治疗组的中医证候疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(6)治疗过程中,2组患儿均无明显不良反应发生。【结论】大椎刮痧结合布洛芬口服治疗风热型外感发热患儿疗效显著,相比单纯布洛芬口服治疗,可更好地降低患儿体温,改善患儿临床症状。     

Sequential Therapy Based on Evolvement of Patterns: A New Model for Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

In order to solve the problem of long-term (>9 months) efficacy in the treatment of Alzheimer''s disease (AD) by conventional therapy (CT), a staged and multiply-targeted sequential therapy based on the evolvement of patterns (STEP) was developed. Its main innovations include: (1) the time order of evolution of patterns defined by Chinese medicine (CM) in AD was found, that is, "the orderly pattern evolution starting from Shen (Kidney) deficiency, progressing to phlegm, stasis and fire, and worsening to severe toxin as well as functional collapse"; (2) the cascade hypothesis of Shen deficiency in AD and its sequential therapy based on Shen-reinforcing was proposed, that is, "reinforcing Shen in the early stage and throughout the whole process, resolving phlegm, activating blood and purging fire in the middle stage, detoxifying and replenishing vitality to stop the collapse in the advanced stage", and through meta-analysis, clinical drug use was optimized, thus the leap from "inferential selection" to "evidence-based selection" was realized; (3) the STEP regimen combined with CT maintained cognitive and behavioral stability in AD patients for at least 12 months, with cognitive enhancement and behavioral synergy after 9 months, and cognitive benefit was superior to CT at 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months, respectively. The 2-year cognitive improvement rate was increased by 25.64% (P=0.020) and the cognitive deterioration rate was decreased by 48.71% (P=0.000). Among them, the cognitive and functional benefits of Shen-reinforcing therapy for very early AD (350 cases) for 1 year were better than the placebo (P<0.001), and the dementia conversion rate was reduced by 8.85% (P=0.002). The behavioral symptomatic relief of patients with vascular dementia received fire-purging therapy (540 cases) was superior to those received CT (P=0.016). These data suggested that the STEP regimen has synergistic effects on CTs at least in terms of cognitive benefit, and the earlier the use, the greater the benefit will have. Therefore, the STEP regimen should be considered as one of the clinical options, particularly for the dearth of effective pharmaceutical or immunological interventions that are currently available for AD.     

H型高血压患者舌面诊图像颜色特征参数分析＊

目的 分析H型高血压患者的舌面诊图像颜色参数特征，探讨H型高血压患者的舌诊、面诊变化规律。方法 运用上海中医药大学自行研制的Smart TCM-1型中医舌面一体仪，采集高血压患者舌面诊图像，提取特征参数，分析健康对照组、H型高血压组与非H型高血压组患者舌面颜色参数特征。结果 ①在舌色各项参数中，H型高血压组舌尖部R值、B值、V值均显著小于健康对照组（P < 0.01）；非H型高血压组舌尖部B值显著小于健康对照组（P < 0.01），S值较健康对照组显著增大（P < 0.05）；H型高血压组舌尖部R、V值均明显小于非H型高血压组（P < 0.05）。在舌苔各项参数中，H型高血压组舌中H值、V值均明显小于健康对照组（P < 0.05）；非H型高血压组舌中V值、舌右V值均显著小于健康对照组（P < 0.01）；H型高血压组舌中H值明显小于非H型高血压组（P < 0.05），右侧舌苔S值明显大于非H型高血压组（P < 0.05）。②H型高血压组面色参数鼻G值、下颌G值、口唇R值、口唇V值均明显小于健康对照组（P < 0.05）；非H型高血压组前额H值、目眶H值、脸颊H值、鼻H值、下颌H值、整体H值均明显大于健康对照组（P < 0.05）；H型高血压组前额H值、目眶G值、目眶H值、脸颊H值、鼻G值、鼻H值、下颌R值、下颌G值、下颌H值、下颌V值、口唇R值、口唇G值、口唇V值、整体R值、整体G值、整体H值、整体V值均明显小于非H型高血压组（P < 0.05）。结论 H型高血压患者苔色偏黄，以舌中部为主，且舌右侧黄苔积聚较明显；H型高血压患者面色为黄中带红，口唇、下颌部更为晦暗。H型高血压患者的舌、面诊特征参数的变化，与高血压病阳亢湿盛病机相符。     

Intermittent Internal Fixation With a Locking Plate to Preserve Epiphyseal Growth Function During Limb-Salvage Surgery in a Child With Osteosarcoma of the Distal Femur: A Case Report

Limb shortening is a problem associated with surgery for osteosarcoma of the lower extremity in adolescents, as the tumors frequently occur near the epiphysis. Herein we report the use of a less invasive stabilization system (LISS) and an intermittent fixation method to preserve the growth function of epiphysis in an 11-year-old patient with an osteosarcoma of the distal femur.The 11-year-old male presented with left knee enlargement and pain for 2 weeks, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biopsy were consistent with osteosarcoma of the left distal femur. After preoperative chemotherapy, en bloc tumor resection was performed with margins based on MRI findings preserving the epiphyseal growth plate, the tumor cavity was filled with inactivated bone and bone cement, and a LISS was used to stabilize the femur. Aggressive postoperative chemotherapy was given. Approximately 105 weeks after surgery radiography showed that the distal end of the plate had moved superior to the epiphysis along with bone growth. Locking screws were placed in the distal part of the LISS plate to stabilize the re-implanted bone, and external fixation was not needed.The patient was able to walk with the crutches 1 week postoperatively, and bear weight on the extremity 6 weeks postoperatively. At 6 years after surgery, the patient''s height had increased 52 cm, shortening of the affected limb was only 1 cm, and the circumference of the affected limb was 2 cm smaller than that of the contralateral limb. There was no significant discomfort in the affected limb, and there was no gait abnormality. The patient could jump and run, and could participate in sports including basketball and badminton to the same degree as his peers.In summary, the novel method of bone reconstruction and fixation provided good results in a child with an osteosarcoma of the distal femur. This fixation method preserves the osteogenic function of the epiphysis and restored bone integrity simultaneously, and provides good functional recovery.     

对《脉经》脏腑讨论的初步认识

历代医家一直重视脏腑相关问题,本文从中医发展之初对脏腑问题的两种视角(联系视角与解剖视角)开始思考,基于《脉经》前后的经典文献梳理《脉经》文本,得出《脉经》脏腑讨论的初步认识,即王叔和讨论了传统藏象视角认识下的脏腑生理、病理、诊断与经脉腧穴的联系,而各种古代文献的重组、编排、归纳则提示藏象理论的系统构建在此时发生,并且已经纳入经脉的相关内容;《脉经》卷六集中体现了王叔和对“脏腑-经脉一体化”的理论构建和临床观察,《脉经》对于脏腑病候进行了仔细梳理,并注重病候、诊脉、脏腑与腧穴的联系。     

Rabs and axonal regeneration

Membrane trafficking processes are presumably vital for axonal regeneration after injury, but mechanistic understanding in this regard has been sparse. A recent loss-of-function screen had been carried out for factors important for axonal regeneration by cultured cortical neurons and the results suggested that the activity of a number of Rab GTPases might act to restrict axonal regeneration. A loss of Rab27b, in particular, is shown to enhance axonal regeneration in vitro, as well as in C. elegans and mouse central nervous system injury models in vivo. Possible mechanisms underlying this new finding, which has important academic and translational implication, are discussed.     

化浊解毒方对溃疡性结肠炎的治疗作用及机制

目的探讨化浊解毒方治疗溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的治疗作用及机制。方法120例UC患者按照随机数字表法分为观察组、对照组各60例。观察组予中药化浊解毒方口服,每日1剂,早晚2次温服;对照组予美沙拉嗪肠溶片口服,1.0 g/次,3次/d。2组疗程均4周。对比2组治疗前后Geboes指数、结肠镜下黏膜表现、生活质量评分、疾病活动指数及血清炎性因子IL-8、IL-35水平,凝血指标血清FIB水平,统计治疗后1年内复发情况。结果治疗后,观察组Geboes指数、疾病活动指数及血清炎性因子IL-8水平、凝血指标血清FIB水平均较本组治疗前降低,生活质量评分、血清炎性因子IL-35水平升高(P<0.05);且观察组治疗后疾病活动指数及血清炎性因子IL-8水平、凝血指标血清FIB水平均低于对照组,生活质量评分、血清炎性因子IL-35水平均高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,治疗组糜烂、溃疡改善不明显(P>0.05),充血水肿、颗粒样变等肠镜表现改善情况均优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗结束1年观察组复发率为10.64%,对照组为23.53%,2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论化浊解毒方能改善UC患者临床症状,修复肠黏膜病理损伤,降低复发率;其机制可能与调节血清炎性因子IL-8、IL-35和凝血因子FIB水平有关。