5—羟色胺M受体和胆碱能受体阻断剂在红霉素所致小肠动力紊乱和呕吐中的作用

本实验对８条犬进行小肠肌电测定，并在记录期间分别静注胆碱能神经阻断剂，阿托品和六甲季胺，以及５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）Ｍ受体阻断剂，灭吐灵，以观察其对红霉素所致肠道副作用的影响。结果发现阿托品和六甲季胺不仅能明显地抑制空腹时正常传播性肌电综合波（ＭＭＣ）的发生和传播，降低红霉素促进小肠动力的作用，还能减轻红霉素所致饱腹动物的快波数增加，但对呕吐无明显影响。灭吐灵的实验结果显示红霉素的致吐作用是由５－ＨＴＭ受体介导的，与其促进小肠动力的作用无明显因果关系。     

Characterization of alternative amino acid substitutions at arginine 830 of the androgen receptor that cause complete androgen insensitivity in three families

We have studied two different missense mutations at arginine-830in exon 7 of the human androgen receptor (hAR) gene that causecomplete androgen insensitivity (CAIS) in three families. Thesesubstitutions result from point mutations at nucleotide 2489:a G     

Pressure pain thresholds and musculoskeletal morbidity in automobile manufacturing workers

Objectives: Reduced pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) have been reported in occupational groups with symptoms of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UEMSDs). The purpose of this study was to determine whether automobile manufacturing workers (n=460) with signs and symptoms of UEMSDs had reduced PPTs (greater sensitivity to pain through pressure applied to the skin) when compared with unaffected members of the cohort, which served as the reference group. The association of PPTs with symptom severity and localization of PE findings was investigated, as was the hypothesis that reduced thresholds would be found on the affected side in those with unilateral physical examination (PE) findings. Methods: PPTs were measured during the workday at 12 upper extremity sites. A PE for signs of UEMSDs and symptom questionnaire was administered. After comparison of potential covariates using t tests, linear regression multivariable models were constructed with the average of 12 sites (avgPPT) as the outcome. Results: Subjects with PE findings and/or symptoms had a statistically significant lower avgPPT than non-cases. AvgPPT was reduced in those with more widespread PE findings and in those with greater symptom severity (test for trend, P≤0.05). No difference between side-specific avgPPT was found in those with unilateral PE findings. Reduced PPTs were associated with female gender, increasing age, and grip strength below the gender-adjusted mean. After adjusting for the above confounders, avgPPT was associated with muscle/tendon PE findings and symptom severity in multivariable models. Conclusions: PPTs were associated with signs and symptoms of UEMSDs, after adjusting for gender, age and grip strength. The utility of this noninvasive testing modality should be assessed on the basis of prospective large cohort studies to determine if low PPTs are predictive of UEMSDs in asymptomatic individuals or of progression and spread of UEMSDs from localized to more diffuse disorders.     

A report of three patients with an interstitial deletion of chromosome 15q24

Partial monosomy of the q2 region of chromosome 15 has been infrequently reported. Moreover, interstitial deletions involving 15q22-q24 have been described in only nine patients to date. The phenotype of these reported individuals is subject to the extent of the deletion but typically includes altered muscle tone and significant developmental delays. In addition, eye abnormalities, such as strabismus, microphthalmia, or colobomas, ear abnormalities including cleft earlobe and preauricular tags, and urogenital defects are common features. Congenital heart defects, diaphragmatic hernia, abnormalities of the central nervous system, and skeletal anomalies have been reported but appear to be less frequent clinical manifestations. In this report, we describe three new patients with interstitial deletions involving 15q24, two with cryptic deletions identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a probe for the PML gene and one with a cytogenetically visible deletion of 15q22.3-q24. The clinical presentation of these individuals is similar to those previously described and includes global developmental delays, hypotonia, and genital abnormalities in the males. The identification of these three cases demonstrates that the above clinical features are associated with a new cytogenetic deletion syndrome. Furthermore, we suggest that FISH analysis with a probe for the PML gene be performed in patients with these physical findings.