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81.
Sonpavde G Agarwal N Choueiri TK Kantoff PW 《Expert opinion on biological therapy》2011,11(8):997-1009
INTRODUCTION: Prostate cancer vaccines attempt to induce cancer-specific systemic immune responses and represent a new class of targeted therapies, many of which are non-toxic. Several vaccine technologies are in development. AREAS COVERED: An autologous antigen presenting cell vaccine loaded with prostate acid phosphatase conjugated with GM-CSF, sipuleucel-T confers a survival advantage in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and is now FDA approved based on the IMPACT trial. A poxvirus-based vaccine, PROSTVAC-VF TRICOM targeting prostate-specific antigen (PSA), has demonstrated improved survival in a randomized Phase II trial of patients with metastatic CRPC. Novel T lymphocyte checkpoint inhibitors of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 and programmed death-1 are also emerging. Recognition of improved survival without an earlier clinical signal of activity by conventional criteria has led to new guidelines to evaluate immunotherapeutic agents. The clinical benefit of combining vaccines with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and other immunotherapeutic and biologic agents is being evaluated in the context of disappointing results of combination GVAX vaccine and docetaxel chemotherapy. EXPERT OPINION: To build on the success of early phase trials, efforts must be made to optimize vaccine approaches and patient selection. 相似文献
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Guru Sonpavde Gregory Russell Pond Jonathan E. Rosenberg Toni K. Choueiri Joaquim Bellmunt Ashley Marie Regazzi Stephanie A. Mullane Andrea Necchi Daniele Raggi Jae-Lyun Lee Soonil Lee Joe Simpson Christina Louise Derleth Shih-Wen Lin Dean F. Bajorin 《Clinical genitourinary cancer》2018,16(4):e961-e967
Introduction
Optimal end points in phase 2 trials evaluating salvage therapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma are necessary to identify promising drugs, particularly immunotherapeutics, where response and progression-free survival may be unreliable. We developed a nomogram using data from phase 2 trials of historical agents to estimate the 12-month overall survival (OS) for patients to which observed survival of nonrandomized data sets receiving immunotherapies could be compared.Patients and Methods
Survival and data for major prognostic factors were obtained from phase 2 trials: hemoglobin, performance status, liver metastasis, treatment-free interval, and albumin. A nomogram was developed to estimate 12-month OS. Patients were randomly allotted to discovery:validation data sets in a 2:1 ratio. Calibration plots were constructed in the validation data set and data bootstrapped to assess performance. The nomogram was tested on external nonrandomized cohorts of patients receiving pemetrexed and atezolizumab.Results
Data were available from 340 patients receiving sunitinib, everolimus, docetaxel + vandetanib, docetaxel + placebo, pazopanib, paclitaxel, or docetaxel. Calibration and prognostic ability were acceptable (c index = 0.634; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.596-0.652). Observed 12-month survival for patients receiving pemetrexed (n = 127, 23.5%; 95% CI, 16.2-31.7) was similar to nomogram-predicted survival (19%; 95% CI, 16.5-21.5; P > .05), while observed results with atezolizumab (n = 403, 39.0%; 95% CI, 34.1-43.9) exceeded predicted results (24.6%; 95% CI, 23.4-25.8; P < .001).Conclusion
This nomogram may be a useful tool to interpret results of nonrandomized phase 2 trials of salvage therapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma by assessing the OS contributions of drug intervention independent of prognostic variables. 相似文献83.
84.
Effect of Abiotic Factors on Degradation of Imidacloprid 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bibhab Mahapatra Totan Adak Naveen K. B. Patil G. Guru P. Pandi G. Basana Gowda Manoj Kumar Yadav S. D. Mohapatra P. C. Rath Sushmita Munda Mayabini Jena 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2017,99(4):475-480
The role of soil moisture, light and pH on imidacloprid dissipation was investigated. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) based method was developed to quantify imidacloprid present in soil with a recovery of more than 82%. Rate of dissipation of imidacloprid from soil was faster in submerged condition compared to field capacity and air dried condition. Imidacloprid dissipated non-significantly between sterile and non-sterile soils, but at field capacity, the dissipation was faster in non-sterile soil compared to sterile soil after 60 days of incubation. Similarly, under submergence, the dissipation of imidacloprid was 66.2% and 79.8% of the initial in sterile and non-sterile soils, respectively. Imidacloprid was rather stable in acidic and neutral water but was prone to photo-degradation. Therefore, imidacloprid degradation will be faster under direct sunlight and at higher soil moisture. 相似文献
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Bharavi K Reddy AG Rao GS Kumar PR Kumar DS Prasadini PP 《Indian journal of pharmacology》2011,43(1):45-49