Effect of Nitric Oxide Synthesis Blockade on the Morphology of Langerhans Islets in August and Wistar Rats with Acute Alloxan Diabetes

Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - Alloxan diabetes was modeled in August rats with high activity of the NO system and in Wistar rats, and the effects of NO system blockade (by a...     

Interrelation between Different Stages of Atherogenesis in Rabbits with High and Low Resistance to Dyslipidemia

Changes in lipid metabolism and morphofunctional state of neuroregulatory and circulatory systems during dyslipidemia were studied in rabbits with high and low resistance to this risk factor. It was found that impairment of neuroregulatory systems plays an important role in initiation and progression of microcirculatory disorders and atherosclerosis. Atherogenic index is the most informative parameter for evaluation of pathological changes in the vascular system during dyslipidemia.     

Ultrastructure of skeletal muscle capillaries under conditions of space mission

Capillaries of the rat forepaw skeletal muscles were examined on day 14 of space mission and on days 1 and 14 after landing. Ultrastructural studies revealed apoptosis caused by muscle fiber atrophy and necrobiotic changes eventuating in coagulation or monocellular necrosis of endothelial cells. Formation of capillaries was detected, which can be regarded as an adaptive reaction to injuries caused by space mission factors. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 141, No. 6, pp. 706–711, June, 2006     

Study of some immunity parameters in patients receiving low-caloric diets

The immunoregulatory effect of low-caloric diets on various components of the immune system was demonstrated. Serum content of TNF- increased after the diet. Seasonal fluctuations in this parameter were observed in patients receiving these diets. A relationship between the increase in TNF- level and body weight loss during low-caloric diet was detected. Presumably, transition to endogenous nutrition triggers not only catabolic hormones, but also cytokines with catabolic effects.Translated from Byulleten Eksperimentalnoi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 138, No. 12, pp. 638–640, December, 2004This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

Structural and Functional Rearrangement of Muscle Spindles in Rats under Conditions or Zero Gravity

Electron microscopy of muscle spindles in m. extensor halucis longus of rats 14 days after space mission on board SLS-2 space laboratory (USA) showed structural rearrangement in the receptors. The number of intrafusal fibers increased, but some fibers developed degenerative changes. The changes were also seen in the spindle capsule, but its integrity was not impaired. Vascularization of the spindle capsule was impaired as a result of necrobiotic changes in capillary endotheliocytes. Sensory nerve endings were the most sensitive structures of the receptor. Destructive changes in various structures of the muscle spindles were paralleled by regenerative processes.     

Investigation of the vesicular system of the capillary endothelium of the diaphragm in various functional states

Micropinocytotic vesicles in the endothelial cells of capillaries in the diaphragm were counted during indirect repetitive stimulation of the muscle at a frequency of 50/sec, after division of the phrenic nerve, and during natural contraction and relaxation of the muscle during respiration. Changes in the total number of vesicles and even more marked changes in the ratio between vesicles fixed to the plasma membranes and lying freely in the cytoplasm of the cells were discovered reflecting changes in transendothelial transport of materials. The method of fixation used may affect the state of vesicle formation.Laboratory of Experimental Pathomorphology and Ultrastructural Characteristics of Pathological Processes, Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 2, pp. 246–248, February, 1976.     

A convergent liquid-phase synthesis of salmon calcitonin

Abstract: Salmon calcitonin (sCT) was prepared in good yield and high purity by the condensation of N^α-Boc-cyclic decapeptide, Boc-C¹SNLSTC⁷VLG-OH (1,7-disulfide), with protected docosapeptide (Psc)LSQE(OPse)LHK(Psc)LQTYPRTNTGSGTP-NH₂·3TFA, followed by deprotection of Boc with trifluoroacetic acid and Psc/Pse with piperidine. The 2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethoxycarbonyl (Psc) and2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl (Pse) protecting groups were recently developed. The two peptides were built up by stepwise and fragment condensation using appropriate N^α-Boc-amino acids and subsequent deprotection in solution. The synthetic sCT exhibited hypocalcemic potency of more than 4000 IU/mg in rats.