Anterior spinal cord infarction caused by fibrocartilaginous embolism

Fibrocartilaginous embolism is a rare cause of anterior spinal cord infarction. We report a case of anterior spinal cord infarction caused by a fibrocartilaginous embolism of 3 months duration in a 23‐year‐old man. Ten days after a trivial strike to the neck and back, he had sudden back pain, weakness of the upper and lower extremities, developed dyspnea and became unconscious. Cervical MRI showed an enlargement of the lower medulla and cervical cord with abnormal signals in the ventral portion. The follow‐up MRI performed 2 months later showed atrophy of the above lesion. On histopathological examination, there was a recent, extensive infarct in the cervical cord and lower medulla. The lesion was symmetrical, and predominantly involved the anterior part of the spinal cord. Moreover, many basophilic, alcian blue‐positive emboli in the arteries and veins of the lesion were detected. This is the first autopsy case of anterior spinal cord infarction caused by a fibrocartilaginous embolism that has been confirmed in China. The clinicopathological features of this case are reviewed in this paper.     

A Mouse Model of Photochemically Induced Spinal Cord Injury

Objective

A mouse model of spinal cord injury (SCI) could further increase our basic understanding of the mechanisms involved in injury and repair of the nervous system. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether methods used to produce and evaluate photochemical graded ischemic SCI in rats, could be successfully adapted to mice, in a reliable and reproducible manner.

Methods

Thirty female imprinting control region mice (weighting 25-30 g, 8 weeks of age) were used in this study. Following intraperitoneal injection of Rose bengal, the translucent dorsal surface of the T8-T9 vertebral laminae of the mice were illuminated with a fiber optic bundle of a cold light source. The mice were divided into three groups; Group 1 (20 mg/kg Rose bengal, 5 minutes illumination), Group 2 (20 mg/kg Rose bengal, 10 minutes illumination), and Group 3 (40 mg/kg Rose bengal, 10 minutes illumination). The locomotor function, according to the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scale, was assessed at three days after the injury and then once per week for four weeks. The animals were sacrificed at 28 days after the injury, and the histopathology of the lesions was assessed.

Results

The mice in group 1 had no hindlimb movement until seven days after the injury. Most mice had later recovery with movement in more than two joints at 28 days after injury. There was limited recovery of one joint, with only slight movement, for the mice in groups 2 and 3. The histopathology showed that the mice in group 1 had a cystic cavity involving the dorsal and partial involvement of the dorsolateral funiculi. A larger cavity, involving the dorsal, dorsolateral funiculi and the gray matter of the dorsal and ventral horns was found in group 2. In group 3, most of the spinal cord was destroyed and only a thin rim of tissue remained.

Conclusion

The results of this study show that the photochemical graded ischemic SCI model, described in rats, can be successfully adapted to mice, in a reliable and reproducible manner. The functional deficits are correlated an increase in the irradiation time and, therefore, to the severity of the injury. The photothrombotic model of SCI, in mice with 20 mg/kg Rose bengal for 5 minutes illumination, provides an effective model that could be used in future research. This photochemical model can be used for investigating secondary responses associated with traumatic SCI.     

Transferrin Receptor Targeted Lipopolyplexes for Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotide G3139 in a Murine K562 Xenograft Model

Purpose  Transferrin (Tf) conjugated lipopolyplexes (LPs) carrying G3139, an antisense oligonucleotide for Bcl-2, were synthesized and evaluated in Tf receptor positive K562 erythroleukemia cells and then in a murine K562 xenograft model. Materials and Methods  Particle size and Zeta potentials of transferrin conjugated lipopolyplexs containing G3139 (Tf-LP-G3139) were measured by Dynamic Light Scattering and ZetaPALS. In vitro and in vivo sample’s Bcl-2 downregulation was analyzed using Western blot and tumor tissue samples also exhibited by immunohistochemistry method. For athymic mice bearing with K562 xenograft tumors, tumor growth inhibition and survival rate were investigated. Nanoparticle distribution in 3-D cell cluster was observed by Laser scan confocal microscopy. IL-12 production in the plasma was measured by ELISA kit. Results   In vitro, Tf-LP-G3139 was more effective in inducing down regulation of Bcl-2 in K562 cells than non-targeted LP-G3139, free G3139 and mismatched control ODN-G4126 in the same formulation. In vivo Tf-LP-G3139 was less effective than free G3139 in Bcl-2 down regulation. 3-D cell cluster model diffusion results indeed indicated limited penetration of the LPs into the cell cluster. Finally, the therapeutic efficacies of Tf-LP-G3139 and free G3139 were determined in the K562 xenograft model. Tf-LP-G3139 showed slower plasma clearance, higher AUC, and greater accumulation in the tumor compared to free G3139. In addition, Tf-LP-G3139 was found to be more effective in tumor growth inhibition and prolonging mouse survival than free G3139. This was associated with increased spleen weight and IL-12 production in the plasma. Conclusion  The role of the immune system in the therapeutic response obtained with the Tf-LPs is necessary and in vitro 3-D cell cluster model can be a potential tool to evaluate the nanoparticle distribution.     

Silencing of 14-3-3ζ over-expression in hepatocellular carcinoma inhibits tumor growth and enhances chemosensitivity to cis-diammined dichloridoplatium

The 14-3-3ζ protein plays a key role in regulation of cellular processes. In the present study, we showed that 14-3-3ζ protein was significantly overexpressed in hepatoma cell lines and human tumorous tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Knockdown with RNA interference in hepatoma cell lines with high 14-3-3ζ expression suppressed tumor cell proliferation via activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38/MAPK. Furthermore, suppression of 14-3-3ζ enhanced the anti-cancer effect of cis-diammined dichloridoplatium (CDDP) in hepatoma cell lines. These results suggest that silencing of 14-3-3ζ may be an attractive target for HCC therapeutic development.     

Association of a common genetic variant in prostate stem-cell antigen with gastric cancer susceptibility in a Korean population

A recent genome wide association study (GWAS) indentified a significant association between rs2294008 (C > T) polymorphism in prostate stem-cell antigen (PSCA) and increased risk of gastric cancer in Japanese and Korean populations. The aim of this study was to determine whether rs2294008 polymorphism is associated with risk of gastric cancer in a Korean population. We conducted a large-scale case-control study of 3,245 gastric cancer patients and 1,700 controls. The frequencies of the CC, CT, and TT genotypes of rs2294008 polymorphism were 17.8%, 49.9%, and 32.3% in the gastric cancer patients; and 24.4%, 48.1%, and 27.5% in the controls, respectively. We found that the CT and TT genotypes were associated with a significantly increased risk of gastric cancer (OR(CT) = 1.50, 95% confidence intervals, 95% CI: 1.28-1.76; OR(TT) = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.43-2.04), compared with the CC genotype. Further, stratified by tumor location and histological type, the effect of the rs2294008 T allele was larger in cardia (OR(TT) = 2.62, 95% CI = 1.42-4.85) than non-cardia (OR(TT) = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.40-2.00), in diffuse-type (OR(TT) = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.55-2.59) than in intestinal-type (OR(TT) = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.22-1.86). Our study showed that rs2294008 in the PSCA gene was associated with increased risks of gastric cancer in a Korean population, suggests that rs2294008 might play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis.     

能量平衡观察法测定南方轻体力活动健康成人总能量消耗量

目的采用能量平衡观察法探究我国南方轻体力活动健康成人的总能量消耗量。方法选择符合能量代谢试验条件的34名南方轻体力活动健康成人为研究对象,为其设计和制备三日循环膳食,用称重法准确获得每日膳食实际摄入量,并用化学分析法测得膳食能量平均摄入量,结合试验期间的体重变化,得到我国南方健康成人总能量消耗量。结果采用称重-化学分析法测得膳食能量平均摄入量为(8424±1616)kJ/d[(2013±386)kcal/d],其中男性(9990±798)kJ/d[(2388±191)kcal/d],女性(7032±384)kJ/d[(1681±92)kcal/d]。16天的试验期间体重平均减轻0.02kg,其中男性体重平均增长0.15kg,女性体重平均减轻0.17kg,根据成人能量平衡原理最后计算得出我国南方健康成人总能量消耗量为(8468±1762)kJ/d[(2024±421)kcal/d],其中男性为(9680±1759)kJ/d[(2314±420)kcal/d],女性为(7391±827)kJ/d[(1767±198)kcal/d]。结论我国南方轻体力劳动健康成年男性总能量消耗量约为9680±1759kJ/d[(2314±420kcal/d)],女性约为7391±827kJ/d[(1767±198kcal/d)],与2000年制定的男、女性能量推荐值2400kcal和2100kcal相比,该研究男性测量值比其RNI值低86kcal,女性测量值比其RNI值低333kcal。     

三邻甲苯磷酸酯染毒鸡大脑组织中迟发性神经毒性相关蛋白的筛选

目的 从三邻甲苯磷酸酯(TOCP)染毒鸡大脑组织中筛选迟发性神经毒性(OPIDN)相关差异表达蛋白,为进一步探讨OPIDN机制提供靶标蛋白.方法 成年罗曼鹤母鸡32只随机分成1000mg/kg TOCP组(染毒组)、先给40mg/kg PMSF后24 h再给予1000 mg/kg TOCP组(PMSF干预组)、给予40 mg/kg PMSF组(PMSF组)和给予生理盐水的对照组,每组8只.一次性染毒后第5天处死动物,低温环境下分离大脑,匀浆,高速离心提取总蛋白.通过双向凝胶电泳获得完整的全蛋白质图谱,运用图像分析软件(Image Master 2D)对银离子染色的电泳图谱进行分析,并对所选取的蛋白点进行质谱鉴定.结果 染毒组、PMSF干预组和PMSF组鸡大脑组织总蛋白中,分别检测到1185、1294和1063个蛋白点,对照组检测到1332个蛋白点.与对照组比较,染毒组、PMSF干预组和PMSF组匹配率分别为78.32%、79.56%、80.93%.与对照组比较,染毒组差异表达蛋白点有235个,其中,上调点有158个,下调点有77个.根据PMSF的作用特点,在TOCP组中选择与对照组比较差异明显且与PMSF干预组无明显差异的蛋白匹配点,共获得有102个.其中差异表达4倍以上且与PMSF组二次匹配差异无统计学意义的蛋白点有13个.对这些蛋白点做进一步质谱分析和鉴定,获得7个蛋白:homer-1b、Destrin蛋白、热休克蛋白70、真核翻译起始因子、蛋白酶体α1亚基、乳酸脱氢酶B、代谢性谷氨酰胺合成酶.结论 TOCP染毒鸡大脑组织中有112个差异表达蛋白点,可能与OPIDN诱发有关,其中13个差异表达蛋白点可能与OPIDN诱发有密切的关联性.质谱鉴定出7个可能与OPIDN机制关联的蛋白.

Abstract：

Objective To screen the proteins with differential expression levels in the cerebral tissue of hens exposed to tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP),and to provide target proteins for studying the mechanism of organophosphoms ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). Methods Thirty two adult Roman hens were randomly divided into four groups: TOCP group was exposed to 1000 mg/kg TOCP, PMSF group was exposed to 40 mg/kg PMSF, PMSF plus TOCP group was exposed to 40 mg/kg PMSF and after 24 h exposed to 1000 mg/kg TOCP, control group was exposed to normal saline. All hens exposed to chemicals by gastro-intestine for 5 days were sacrificed, and the cerebral tissue were dissected and homogenized in ice bath. Total proteins extracted from the cerebral tissue were separated by isoelectric focusing as the first dimension and SDS-PAGE as the second dimension. The 2-DE maps were visualized after silver staining and analyzed by Image Master 2D software. At last ,the expressed protein spots were identified by Mass spectrometry. Results From total proteins in TOCP group, the PMSF plus TOCP group and PMSF group, 1185, 1294 and 1063 spots were detected, respectively. One thousand three hundred thirty two spots from total proteins in control group were detected. The match rates of protein spots in TOCP group, the PMSF plus TOCP group and PMSF group were 78.32 %, 79.56 % and 80.93%, respectively. There were 235 protein spots with differential expression levels between TOCP group and control group, which included 158 up regulation spots and 77 down regulation spots. According to the PMSF features, there were 102 spots with differential expression levels between TOCP group and control group and without differential expression levels between TOCP group and PMSF plus TOCP group, among them there were 13 spots with 4 fold differential expression levels between TOCP group and control group and without differential expression levels between TOCP group and PMSF group. Seven protein spots (homer-1b, Destrin, heat shock protein 70, eukaryotic translation initiation factors, proteasome α1 subunit, lactate dehydrogenase B, glutamine synthetase) were detected by Mass spectrometry. Conclusion There are 112 protein spots with differential expression levels of the cerebral tissue in TOCP group,which may be related to OPIDN,among them 13 protein spots with differential expression levels are associated closely with OPIDN.Seven protein spots detected by Mass spectrometry may be related to the mechanism induced by OPIDN.     

脊髓海绵状血管瘤的显微外科治疗

目的总结脊髓海绵状血管瘤的手术经验。方法回顾性分析39例海绵状血管瘤病人的临床表现、术前MRI表现、术中所见、手术切除情况、术后MRI表现及随访结果。均在显微镜下行手术治疗,根据肿瘤与脊髓有无明确边界,决定肿瘤切除的程度。手术前后采用McCormick分级评价脊髓功能。结果镜下见肿瘤有明确边界者行手术全切除,共34例;肿瘤有相对边界但不明确者仅行近全切除,共4例;肿瘤无边界且病人术前功能较差者行部分切除,计1例。病理证实均为海绵状血管瘤。术后McCormick分级改善30例,无变化5例,加重4例。结论MRI是脊髓海绵状血管瘤术前诊断最有效的方法;手术全切除病变是最主要的治疗方法,有症状者应积极行手术治疗。     

即时荧光定量PCR微卫星分析技术检测少突胶质细胞肿瘤染色体1p/19q杂合性缺失

目的研究少突胶质细胞肿瘤染色体1p／19q杂合性缺失（LOH）情况。方法采用即时荧光定量PCR微卫星分析技术对28例少突胶质细胞肿瘤进行染色体1p／19qLOH检测。结果28例少突胶质细胞肿瘤染色体中有24例（85．7％）发生1pLOH;有18例（64．3％）发生19qLOH;有17例（60．7％）发生1p／19q联合性LOH;25例有1P或19qLOH。结论即时荧光定量PCR微卫星分析技术特异性高、方便快捷,可以用于石蜡包埋组织标本染色体杂合性缺失的检测。大多数少突胶质细胞肿瘤发生了1p／19qLOH。     

Toll样受体4与肿瘤坏死因子α在脑缺血再灌注小鼠顶叶皮质神经元中的表达及意义

目的:探讨Toll样受体4(TLR4)在脑缺血再灌注损伤炎症反应中的作用.方法:采用TLR4抗体封闭TLR4受体,H-E染色观察小鼠顶叶皮质组织病理学改变、免疫印迹法检测顶叶皮质TLR4蛋白表达、RT-PCR检测顶叶皮质TLR4 mRNA表达量、免疫组织化学显色法检测顶叶皮质TNF-α表达情况,TLR4 mRNA表达水平与TNF-α含量相关分析.小鼠随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组和TLR4阻断组,各组又分12、 24、 48、 72h 4个时间点组.结果:缺血再灌注组TLR4蛋白、TLR4 mRNA、 TNF-α表达水平明显高于假手术组表达水平,而TLR4阻断组TLR4蛋白、TLR4 mRNA、 TNF-α表达水平明显低于缺血再灌注组,相关分析表明,TLR4 mRNA表达水平与TNF-α含量呈显著正相关.结论:缺血再灌注可激活TLR4,TLR4在脑缺血再灌注损伤中起重要作用;炎性因子TNF-α的产生、分泌可能与TLR4 mRNA表达存在着密切联系.