全文获取类型
收费全文 | 24710篇 |
免费 | 1530篇 |
国内免费 | 176篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 236篇 |
儿科学 | 524篇 |
妇产科学 | 467篇 |
基础医学 | 3662篇 |
口腔科学 | 259篇 |
临床医学 | 2347篇 |
内科学 | 6152篇 |
皮肤病学 | 365篇 |
神经病学 | 2190篇 |
特种医学 | 1071篇 |
外国民族医学 | 9篇 |
外科学 | 4213篇 |
综合类 | 69篇 |
一般理论 | 4篇 |
预防医学 | 1343篇 |
眼科学 | 211篇 |
药学 | 1435篇 |
中国医学 | 41篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1818篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 135篇 |
2022年 | 220篇 |
2021年 | 607篇 |
2020年 | 364篇 |
2019年 | 586篇 |
2018年 | 690篇 |
2017年 | 465篇 |
2016年 | 558篇 |
2015年 | 712篇 |
2014年 | 936篇 |
2013年 | 1204篇 |
2012年 | 1912篇 |
2011年 | 1889篇 |
2010年 | 1095篇 |
2009年 | 1104篇 |
2008年 | 1685篇 |
2007年 | 1711篇 |
2006年 | 1667篇 |
2005年 | 1714篇 |
2004年 | 1585篇 |
2003年 | 1498篇 |
2002年 | 1402篇 |
2001年 | 220篇 |
2000年 | 156篇 |
1999年 | 228篇 |
1998年 | 271篇 |
1997年 | 236篇 |
1996年 | 194篇 |
1995年 | 163篇 |
1994年 | 120篇 |
1993年 | 142篇 |
1992年 | 110篇 |
1991年 | 87篇 |
1990年 | 82篇 |
1989年 | 58篇 |
1988年 | 64篇 |
1987年 | 44篇 |
1986年 | 55篇 |
1985年 | 48篇 |
1984年 | 39篇 |
1983年 | 52篇 |
1982年 | 43篇 |
1981年 | 48篇 |
1980年 | 37篇 |
1979年 | 22篇 |
1978年 | 16篇 |
1977年 | 15篇 |
1976年 | 15篇 |
1975年 | 18篇 |
1972年 | 13篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Vasopressin-induced taurine efflux from rat pituicytes: a potential negative feedback for hormone secretion 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lia Rosso Brigitta Peteri-Brunbäck Philippe Poujeol Nicolas Hussy Jean-Marc Mienville 《The Journal of physiology》2004,554(3):731-742
Previous work on the whole neurohypophysis has shown that hypotonic conditions increase release of taurine from neurohypophysial astrocytes (pituicytes). The present work confirms that taurine is present in cultured pituicytes, and that its specific release increases in response to a hypotonic shock. We next show that vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) also specifically release taurine from pituicytes. With an EC50 of ∼2 n m , VP is much more potent than OT, and the effects of both hormones are blocked by SR 49059, a V1a receptor antagonist. This pharmacological profile matches the one for VP- and OT-evoked calcium signals in pituicytes, consistent with the fact that VP-induced taurine efflux is blocked by BAPTA-AM. However, BAPTA-AM also blocks the taurine efflux induced by a 270 mosmol l−1 challenge, which per se does not evoke any calcium signal, suggesting a permissive role for calcium in this case. Nevertheless, the fact that structurally unrelated calcium-mobilizing agents and ionomycin are able to induce taurine efflux suggests that calcium may also play a signalling role in this event. It is widely accepted that in hypotonic conditions taurine exits cells through anionic channels. Antagonism by the chloride channel inhibitors 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid (DIDS) and 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid (NPPB) suggests the same pathway for VP-induced taurine efflux, which is also blocked in hypertonic conditions (330 mosmol l−1 ). Moreover, it is likely that the osmosensitivity of the taurine channel is up-regulated by calcium. These results, together with our in situ experiments showing stimulation of taurine release by endogenous VP, strengthen the concept of a glial control of neurohormone output. 相似文献
92.
Eric Hergon Jean-Yves Py Stéphanie Jullien Jean-Fran?ois Quaranta Gilles Folléa Georges Andreu Jean-Jacques Cabaud Pascal Staccini Philippe Rouger 《Transfusion Clinique et Biologique》2007,14(3):371-377
The evaluation of the professional practices (EPP) is obligatory for all the physicians since July 1, 2005 for a first five-year period. It represents one of the components of the continuous medical training (CMT). The French Society of Blood Transfusion and National Institute of Blood Transfusion are the promoters of the EPP in transfusion technology and medicine. Initially, the programs of EPP will be conceived and controlled by experts and will relate to their basic activities. During a five years cycle, the physician taking part in a program must validate a specific action and take part in a rolling programme. At the end of the programme, the physician will receive a certificate issued by National Institute of Blood Transfusion and will have to submit it to a committee placed under the responsibility of the regional physicians' committee. 相似文献
93.
Fabrice Bonnet Anne-Christine Jouvencel Marie Parrens Magali Joblon Leon Emmanuelle Cotto Isabelle Garrigue Philippe Morlat Jacques Beylot Hervé Fleury Marie-Edith Lafon 《Journal of clinical virology》2006,36(4):258-263
BACKGROUND: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may be causally associated with non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) in HIV-infected patients. OBJECTIVES: To compare EBV load in whole blood in AIDS-NHL patients, HIV non-AIDS patients and non-HIV-infected persons, and to prospectively measure EBV load in whole blood in AIDS-NHL patients. STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal and prospective study. RESULTS: We observed no statistical difference in EBV load between AIDS-NHL (3.69log(10) copies/mL [interquartile range (IQR): 2.89-4.27]) and HIV non-AIDS patients (3.08log(10) copies/mL [IQR: 1.29-3.57]) but AIDS-NHL patients had significantly higher EBV loads than HIV-negative controls (1.19log(10) copies/mL [IQR: 0.00-3.29]). We noticed an inverse correlation between CD4+ lymphocytes count and EBV load in patients with AIDS-NHL (r(2)=0.41, P=0.01). In the longitudinal study, the mean EBV load three months after NHL diagnosis decreased significantly (mean difference=-1.69log(10) copies/mL [95% confidence interval: -0.32; -3.04]; P=0.03) under chemotherapy but was still elevated in patients with relapses or no response to chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Although EBV load seems a suboptimal marker for the diagnosis of AIDS-NHL, we observed a significant decrease of EBV load in patients treated with chemotherapy and a strong association between NHL outcome and EBV load in whole blood. 相似文献
94.
Presence of autoantibodies to apolipoprotein A-1 in patients with acute coronary syndrome further links autoimmunity to cardiovascular disease 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Vuilleumier N Reber G James R Burger D de Moerloose P Dayer JM Roux-Lombard P 《Journal of autoimmunity》2004,23(4):227-360
Anti-apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1) autoantibodies were described in autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and might be involved in the genesis of arterial and venous thrombotic events. To investigate the presence of these autoantibodies in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) without other features of autoimmunity, we set up an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-Apo A-1 antibodies. We used it to investigate their prevalence in ACS as compared to SLE and APS and correlated them to plasma Apo A-1 and serum amyloid A protein (SAA) concentrations. The prevalence of anti-Apo A-1 autoantibodies in the healthy control group was 1% (1/92), but was significantly higher in other groups: 21% (11/53) in ACS group (P=0.001), 13% (12/92) in SLE and/or APS group (P=0.005). Multiple linear regression revealed a significant correlation between plasma Apo A-1 (r=-0.72, P=0.013), plasma SAA concentration (r=0.76, P=0.0066) and anti-Apo A-1 IgG titre in ACS patients. The presence of anti-Apo A-1 autoantibodies in patients with ACS highlights an additional link between autoimmunity, inflammation and atherosclerosis. 相似文献
95.
What and where in human audition: selective deficits following focal hemispheric lesions 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Clarke S Bellmann Thiran A Maeder P Adriani M Vernet O Regli L Cuisenaire O Thiran JP 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2002,147(1):8-15
A sound that we hear in a natural setting allows us to identify the sound source and localize it in space. The two aspects
can be disrupted independently as shown in a study of 15 patients with focal right-hemispheric lesions. Four patients were
normal in sound recognition but severely impaired in sound localization, whereas three other patients had difficulties in
recognizing sounds but localized them well. The lesions involved the inferior parietal and frontal cortices, and the superior
temporal gyrus in patients with selective sound localization deficit; and the temporal pole and anterior part of the fusiform,
inferior and middle temporal gyri in patients with selective recognition deficit. These results suggest separate cortical
processing pathways for auditory recognition and localization.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
96.
A direct agglutination test was evaluated for the detection and quantitation of IgG antibodies to Neospora caninum in both experimental and natural infections in various animal species. As compared with results obtained by the indirect
fluorescent antibody test, the direct agglutination test appeared reliable for the serologic diagnosis of neosporosis in a
variety of animal species. The direct agglutination test should provide easily available and inexpensive tools for serologic
testing for antibodies to N. caninum in many host species.
Received: 26 June 1997 / Accepted: 5 August 1997 相似文献
97.
鸡后根神经节多巴胺细胞在体及体外培养中的免疫细胞化学观察 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
应用免疫细胞化学PAP法,研究了鸡胚和雏鸡后根神经节细胞内多巴胺递质的表现与胚胎发育过程中的变化,并在细胞培养条件下研究了周围靶组织——皮肤对后根节细胞胚胎发育的影响。鸡后根节细胞内多巴胺的免疫反应最先出现于E_(10),只占后根节细胞的0.8%,E_(18)时达5.6%,出壳后雏鸡为8.6%。在鸡后根节内,多巴胺免疫反应阳性细胞主要为较大的A类细胞,和极少较小的B类细胞。免疫反应阳性的周围神经末梢位于皮肤和交感干内。当取自E_9的鸡胚后根节细胞经7天培养后,部分神经细胞出现多巴胺免疫反应阳性;而取自E_6的鸡胚后根节细胞虽经10天培养后仍为免疫反应阴性;然而,将取自E_6后根节细胞与皮肤组织联合培养10天后,少量神经细胞及轴突出现多巴胺免疫阳性反应。作者认为:鸡后根节多巴胺细胞在胚胎时期的发育有赖于周围靶组织的作用。 相似文献
98.
Anne-christine Jauneau Alexander Ischenko Alexandra Chatagner Magalie Benard Philippe Chan Marie-therese Schouft Christine Patte Hubert Vaudry Marc Fontaine 《Journal of neuroinflammation》2006,3(1):8-10
C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins are proinflammatory polypeptides released during complement activation. They exert their biological
activities through interaction with two G protein-coupled receptors named C3aR and C5aR, respectively. In the brain, these
receptors are expressed on glial cells, and some recent data have suggested that anaphylatoxins could mediate neuroprotection.
In this study, we used RT-PCR and ribonuclease protection assays (RPA) to investigate the role of anaphylatoxins on neurotrophin
expression by the human glioblastoma cell line T98G and by rat astrocytes. Our data show that for both cell types, anaphylatoxins
upregulate expression of NGF mRNA. This response depended on a G protein-coupled pathway since pre-treatment of cells with
pertussis toxin (PTX) completely blocked NGF mRNA increases. This effect was anaphylatoxin-specific since pre-incubation with
anti-C3a or anti-C5aR antibodies abolished the effects of C3a and C5a, respectively. The regulation of NGF mRNA by anaphylatoxins
was not accompanied by translation into protein expression, but there was a significant synergic effect of anaphylatoxins/IL-1b
costimulation. Our demonstration of involvement of anaphylatoxins in the NGF release process by astrocytes suggests that C3a
and C5a could modulate neuronal survival in the CNS. 相似文献
99.
100.
Daniel Courteix Philippe Obert Anne-Marie Lecoq Patrick Guenon Günter Koch 《European journal of applied physiology》1997,76(3):264-269
The aim of the present study was to analyse the effect of 1 year of intensive swimming training on lung volumes, airway resistance and on the flow-volume relationship in prepubertal girls. Five girls [9.3 (0.5) years old] performing vigorous swimming training for 12?h a week were compared with a control group of 11 girls [9.3 (0.5) years old] who participated in various sport activities for 2 h per week. Static lung volumes, maximal expiratory flows (MEF) at 75, 50 and 25% of vital capacity, 1-s forced expiratory volume (FEV1.0) and airway resistance (R aw) were measured by means of conventional body plethysmograph techniques. Prior to the training period there were no significant differences between the two groups for any of the parameters studied. Moreover, for both groups, all parameters were within the normal range for children of the corresponding age. After 1 year of training, vital capacity (VC), total lung capacity (TLC) and functional residual capacity (FRC) were larger (P<0.05) in the girl swimmers than in the control group, while physical development in terms of height and weight was similar. FEV1.0 (P<0.01), MEF25, MEF50 (P<0.05) and MEF75 as well as the ratio MEF50 / TLC (P<0.05) had increased in the girl swimmers but were unchanged in the control group. R aw tended to be lower in the girl swimmers and higher in the control group. The results indicate that intensive swimming training prepuberty enhances static and dynamic lung volumes and improves the conductive properties of both the large and the small airways. As to the causative mechanism, it can be speculated that at prepuberty intensive swimming training promotes isotropic lung growth by harmonizing the development of the airways and of alveolar lung spaces. 相似文献