Beschreibung eines wahren Neuroms des Nervus opticus

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Geschlechtskrankheiten

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CNS tumours in south-western Finland: high location, high incidence

The Department of Paediatrics at the University Central Hospital of Turku, Finland has 130 000 children under 17 y of age within its catchment area. We collected all 103 cases of newly diagnosed CNS tumours from the 15-y period of 1981–95. The incidence was 5. 3: 100 000, a figure twofold those usually presented. During the period 1981 -85 the incidence was lower (4) than during the subsequent 5-y periods (5. 7 and 6. 2). There were no statistical differences between the incidences of the supra- vs infratentorial brain tumours. Optic glioma was unusually common (17%, CI 13. 9–20%).     

Influence of topical application of chlorhexidine on chronic gingivitis and gingival wound healing in the dog

Abstract— The present study examines the effect of topically applied chlorhexidine gluconate on chronically inflamed gingiva and standardized gingival wounds. Five beagle dogs were fed a soft "gingivitis inducing" diet for a period of 5 months. Subsequently, a 2 % chlorhexidine solution was applied daily for 42 days to the left molars, premolars, and canines of three dogs, the corresponding teeth in the right quadrants serving as controls. The degree of gingivitis, plaque, gingival exudation, and number of crevicular leukocytes were assessed on days 0, 11, 28, 35, and 42. The healing after gingival biopsy was studied in two dogs using the same parameters on days 0, 4, 7, 14, 28, and 42. In one of the dogs chlorhexidine was applied daily to the teeth and gingiva; the other dog had saline treatment. Biopsies for histologic examination were obtained at the beginning and the end of the experiment. From these criteria, it was shown that one daily topical application of 2 % chlorhexidine gluconate to the teeth and gingiva of the dog removes plaque and resolbes a well-established chronic gingivitis. It is concluded that in the dog it is passible through topical applications of chlorhexidine to establish and maintain a plaque- and gingivitis-free dentition.     

Personality Traits of Centenarians' Offspring

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the offspring of centenarians have personality characteristics that are distinct from the general population.
DESIGN: Case-control.
SETTING: Nationwide U.S. sample.
PARTICIPANTS: Unrelated offspring of centenarians (n=246, mean age 75) were compared with published norms.
MEASUREMENTS: Using the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) questionnaire, measures of the personality traits neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were obtained. T-scores and percentiles were calculated according to sex and used to interpret the results.
RESULTS: Male and female offspring of centenarians scored in the low range of published norms for neuroticism and in the high range for extraversion. The women also scored comparatively high in agreeableness. Otherwise, both sexes scored within normal range for conscientiousness and openness, and the men scored within normal range for agreeableness.
CONCLUSION: Specific personality traits may be important to the relative successful aging demonstrated by the offspring of centenarians. Similarities across four of the five domains between male and female offspring is noteworthy and may relate to their successful aging. Measures of personality are an important phenotype to include in studies that assess genetic and environmental influences of longevity and successful aging.     

Number and timing of antenatal HIV testing: Evidence from a community-based study in Northern Vietnam

Background  

HIV testing for pregnant women is an important component for the success of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). A lack of antenatal HIV testing results in loss of benefits for HIV-infected mothers and their children. However, the provision of unnecessary repeat tests at a very late stage of pregnancy will reduce the beneficial effects of PMTCT and impose unnecessary costs for the individual woman as well as the health system. This study aims to assess the number and timing of antenatal HIV testing in a low-income setting where PMTCT programmes have been scaled up to reach first level health facilities.     

What does it take to live to 100?

Centenarians disprove the ageist myth "the older you get, the sicker you get"; they live 90-95% of their very long lives in excellent health, only to experience illnesses in the very last few years of their lives. Thus, it appears that in order to live to 100, one must age relatively slowly and markedly delay and/or escape age-associated diseases. How they achieve such a survival advantage is still a mystery though it is becoming increasingly clear that a substantial genetic advantage plays a role in their ability to live 20-25 years beyond average life expectancy. Current genetic studies of centenarian sibships may yield the identity of some of these genes in the near future. Identifying such genes may yield new information about how people age differently and what modulates differences in susceptibilities to various diseases associated with aging.