脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者“互联网+延续护理”实施障碍的质性研究

目的 了解脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者“互联网+延续护理”实施障碍因素,为针对性干预提供参考。方法 以理论域框架为指导制定访谈提纲,对25名医护技人员进行半结构式访谈,运用主题分析法分析资料、提炼主题（障碍因素）。结果 提炼出医护技人员缺乏劳动价值获得感、缺乏自我效能感,患者吞咽障碍康复行为欠佳等14个主题（障碍因素）,分别归属为社会/职业角色和身份,能力信念,记忆、注意力与决策过程,环境与资源以及社会影响5个理论域。结论 脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者“互联网+延续护理”实施的障碍因素较多,应针对障碍因素进行干预,创造有利条件为患者提供持续的高品质康复护理。     

5,7,2,5-tetrahydroxy-8,6-dimethoxyflavone up-regulates miR-145 expression and inhibits proliferation of gastric cancer cells

IntroductionGastric cancer is a frequently detected malignancy, and its incidence has increased over the past decades in East Asia. The present study investigated the effect of 5,7,2, 5-tetrahydroxy-8,6-dimethoxyflavone (THDMF) on gastric cancer cells and explored the underlying mechanism. The study analysed cell viability changes, apoptotic features, and metastasis potential of treatment with THDMF.Material and methodsMTT colorimetric assay was used for measurement of MKN28, MKN45, and GES-1 cell proliferation and flow cytometry for the detection of apoptosis. Transwell and wound healing assays were used to observe the invasion and migration abilities of MKN28 cells. The expression of p21, MMP2/-9, PI3K, and c-Myc proteins was detected by western blotting.ResultsThe THDMF treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced MKN28 and MKN45 cell proliferation without changing GES-1 cell viability. A significant increase in apoptotic cell population on treatment with THDMF was observed. Treatment of MKN28 cells with THDMF increased the percentage of cells in the G1 phase. Exposure of MKN28 cells to THDMF caused a marked decrease in invasion and migration potential in comparison to control cells. The expression of miR-145 was markedly increased in MKN28 cells on treatment with THDMF. In MKN28 cells expression of c-Myc, PI3K, p-AKT, MMP-2, and MMP-9 was suppressed markedly on exposure to THDMF. The expression of p21 protein in MKN28 cells was markedly promoted on exposure to THDMF.ConclusionsTHDMF exhibits anti-cancer effect on gastric cancer cells in vitro by activation of cell apoptosis and arrest of cell cycle. In addition, THDMF promoted miR-145 expression and down-regulation of PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in MKN28 cells. Therefore, THDMF may be utilised as a potential novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of gastric cancer.     

RIFLE标准在术后急性肾损伤患者选择中的作用

目的探讨RIFLE标准在外科术后急性肾损伤（AKI）患者选择肾替代治疗时机选择中的作用及与预后的关系。方法回顾性分析2001年1月至2006年12月第四军医大学第一附属医院行肾脏替代治疗的外科术后AKI患者368例,按治疗方式分为两组：（1）连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过（CVVH）组,316例,每日置换总量48—96L;（2）非CVVH组,52例,其中间断性血液透析（IHD）29例,每日或隔日治疗4．5h;腹膜透析（PD）23例,每日腹透液总量8～12L。应用RIFLE标准对AKI进行分期,对比分析各组患者在不同AK1分期的医院死亡率、APACHEⅡ评分、器官衰竭数,以及CVVH组存活者的CWH治疗时间、尿量恢复时间和ICU逗留时间等指标的区别。结果（1）AKIⅢ期患者医院死亡率高于AKIⅠ期和Ⅱ期患者（P〈0．05）。（2）CVVH患者治疗前APACHEⅡ评分在AKI的3个分期中均高于IHD／PD患者（P〈0．05）。（3）CVVH存活者的CVVH治疗时间、尿量恢复时间和ICU逗留时间随AK1分期的加重而延长。结论RILFE标准对外科术后AKI早期诊断和判断预后有指导意义。必须强调肾脏替代时机的选择,早期行肾替代治疗（AKIⅠ期和Ⅱ期）可以明显改善预后,而CVVH比IHD和PD更有优势。     

Greater Adherence to Dietary Guidelines Associated with Reduced Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

The evidence regarding the impact of the scores on healthy eating indices on the risk of cardiovascular events among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is limited. As such, in this study, we examined the associations of adherence to the Chinese and American dietary guidelines and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Chinese individuals with T2D. We conducted a 1:1 age- and sex-matched case–control study based on a Chinese population. We used a structured questionnaire and a validated 79-item food-frequency questionnaire to collect general information and dietary intake information, and calculated the Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) and the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). As participants, we enrolled a total of 419 pairs of hospital-based CVD cases and controls, all of whom had T2D. We found a significant inverse association between diet quality scores on the CHEI and HEI-2015 and the risk of CVD. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) per five-score increment were 0.68 (0.61, 0.76) in the CHEI and 0.60 (0.52, 0.70) in the HEI-2015. In stratified analyses, the protective associations remained significant in the subgroups of sex, BMI, smoking status, tea-drinking, hypertension state, dyslipidemia state, T2D duration, and medical nutrition therapy knowledge (all p < 0.05). These findings suggest that a higher CHEI or HEI-2015 score, representing a higher-quality diet relative to the most recent Chinese or American dietary guidelines, was associated with a decreased risk of CVD among Chinese patients with T2D.     

A High-Fat Diet Induces Muscle Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Impairs Swimming Capacity in Zebrafish: A New Model of Sarcopenic Obesity

Obesity is a highly prevalent disease that can induce metabolic syndrome and is associated with a greater risk of muscular atrophy. Mitochondria play central roles in regulating the physiological metabolism of skeletal muscle; however, whether a decreased mitochondrial function is associated with impaired muscle function is unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a high-fat diet on muscle mitochondrial function in a zebrafish model of sarcopenic obesity (SOB). In SOB zebrafish, a significant decrease in exercise capacity and skeletal muscle fiber cross-sectional area was detected, accompanied by high expression of the atrophy-related markers Atrogin-1 and muscle RING-finger protein-1. Zebrafish with SOB exhibited inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation as well as disruption of mitochondrial fusion and fission in atrophic muscle. Thus, our findings showed that muscle atrophy was associated with SOB-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Overall, these results showed that the SOB zebrafish model established in this study may provide new insights into the development of therapeutic strategies to manage mitochondria-related muscular atrophy.     

益气化瘀方及其拆方对大鼠椎间盘纤维环细胞凋亡相关因子的作用

目的:研究益气化瘀方及其拆方药理血清对大鼠诱导凋亡椎间盘纤维环细胞bcl-2、Bax及半胱氨酸蛋白酶8(caspase-8)表达的影响.方法:用细胞免疫化学和积分光密度分析等方法比较分析益气化瘀方及其拆方益气方、化瘀方药理血清,以及胰岛素样生长因子-1(insulin-like growth factor 1, IGF-1)对抗-Fas抗体(anti-Fas antibody)诱导凋亡大鼠椎间盘纤维环细胞bcl-2、Bax及caspase-8表达的影响.结果:益气化瘀方、益气方、化瘀方及IGF-1血清处理组与凋亡模型组相比,bcl-2表达升高,Bax及caspase-8表达降低,均有统计学意义(P<0.01);益气化瘀方组与益气方、化瘀方组比较,Bax表达明显降低,有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:益气化瘀方及其拆方可以调控大鼠椎间盘纤维环细胞内Bax、bcl-2和caspase-8表达,其延缓椎间盘退变的机制可能与调控细胞的凋亡相关因子有关.     

严重下颈椎骨折脱位的术式选择与疗效分析

目的探讨治疗严重下颈椎骨折脱位的术式选择和手术疗效。方法 2004年9月~2010年7月笔者对83例严重下颈椎骨折脱位患者应用前路、后路和一期后-前路或是前-后-前联合入路（后路撬拨复位、植骨融合内固定术＋前路颈椎损伤节段椎间盘切除或椎体次全切＋钛板（钛网）植骨融合内固定术）治疗。术后对比评估的方法,使用测量Cobb角、椎体水平移位和Frankel评分表评价脊髓功能恢复与脊柱损伤重建稳定性等情况。结果 80例患者获得有效随访,在手术参数、术后力学参数方面对其进行比较,联合入路组手术时间和出血量均较单纯前路或后路组长,神经学方面,7例术前Frankel分级A级无恢复外,其余患者均有不同程度恢复,脊髓功能平均提高1.1级。术后4~6个月摄片融合节段均获得骨性融合。结论应用一期联合手术入路在复杂下颈椎骨折脱位方面较单纯前路或后路手术具备更宽的适证,需要掌握严格手术指征和根据病情制订个性化治疗方案。     

自体腘绳肌腱与同种异体肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效分析

目的探讨关节镜下同种异体胫前肌腱与自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带（ACL）的临床疗效.方法选择2008年12月至2010年8月昆明医学院第一附属医院骨科膝关节前交叉韧带重建患者46例,其中男27例,女19例,分为A组：自体肌腱移植重建25例,B组：同种异体肌腱移植重建21例.术后进行临床体检及前/后抽屉试验、Lachman试验、膝关节应力X线片、髌骨轴位片及MRI等相关检查,Lysholm评分,IKDC评分,AKS评分.术后随访4～24个月,平均12.4个月.结果两组病例术后Lysholm评分,IKDC评分,AKS评分测试结果差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论同种异体与自体肌腱重建ACL的疗效相近,是重建ACL良好的移植物之一.