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排序方式: 共有1363条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
GS Chopra PK Gupta AC Anand PP Varma V Nair Ramji Rai 《Medical Journal Armed Forces India》2005,61(3):234-237
Background
HBV DNA quantitation is used extensively world wide for the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, it has still to be popular in India. The aim of this study was to quantitate HBV – DNA by Real time – PCR method in Hepatitis B and in immuno-compromised patients, to compare the results with HBeAg detection and to monitor the response to therapy of chronic Hepatitis B patients to antivirals.Methods
Ninety one serum samples of Hepatitis group of patients (all HBsAg positive), 41 samples from immuno-compromised patients (all HBsAg negative) and 49 patients of Chronic Hepatitis B group (all HBsAg positive) were the subjects of this first ever study in Armed Forces. Twenty serum samples from healthy volunteers and non-hepatitis B patients served as negative controls. The amplification detection was carried out in a Rotor-Gene 2000-sequence detectorResults
Amongst Hepatitis B group, 33% (30/91) of the samples were positive for HBV-DNA and 26% (24/91) of samples were positive for HBeAg. In the immuno-compromised group of patients 14.6% (6/11) of samples were positive for HIV-DNA and 9.7% (4/41) were positive for HBeAg. Of the Chronic Hepatitis B patients on treatment, all (100%) were positive by HBV-DNA, whereas 29/49 (59.2%) were positive by HBeAg before treatment. After treatment with antivirals, 06/49 (12.2%) were positive by both tests and 11/49 (22.5%) were positive only by HBV-DNA. 32/49 (65.3%) patients became negative serologically after therapy.Conclusion
HBeAg status did not necessarily reflect HBV-DNA level in the serum, as 10/91 (11%) in the Hepatitis B group, 2/41 (4.9%) in the immuno compromised group and 20/49 (40.8%) patients in the Chronic Hepatitis B group were positive for HBV-DNA but negative for HBeAg. HBV-DNA was not found to be positive amongst any of the negative controls. Real time – PCR is a sensitive and reproducible assay for HBV-DNA quantitation and may be started in Armed Forces referral centers in the near future.Key Words: Real time – PCR, Chronic Hepatitis B, HBV – DNA, Antivirals 相似文献72.
73.
Early-response biological dosimetry--recommended countermeasure enhancements for mass-casualty radiological incidents and terrorism 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The effective medical management of a suspected acute radiation overexposure incident necessitates recording dynamic medical data, measuring appropriate radiation bioassays, and estimating dose from dosimeters and radioactivity assessments in order to provide diagnostic information to the treating physician and a dose assessment for personnel radiation protection records. The accepted generic multiparameter and early-response approach includes measuring radioactivity and monitoring the exposed individual; observing and recording prodromal signs/symptoms and erythema; obtaining complete blood counts with white blood cell differential; sampling blood for the chromosome-aberration cytogenetic bioassay using the "gold standard" dicentric assay (translocation assay for long times after exposure) for dose assessment; bioassay sampling, if appropriate, to determine radioactivity contamination; and using other available dosimetry approaches. In the event of a radiological mass-casualty incident, current national resources need to be enhanced to provide suitable dose assessment and medical triage and diagnoses. This capability should be broadly based and include stockpiling reagents and devices; establishing deployable (i.e., hematology and biodosimetry) laboratories and reference (i.e., cytogenetic biodosimetry, radiation bioassay) laboratories; networking qualified reference radioactivity-counting bioassay laboratories, cytogenetic biodosimetry, and deployable hematology laboratories with the medical responder community and national radiation protection program; and researching efforts to identify novel radiation biomarkers and develop applied biological dosimetry assays monitored with clinical, deployable, and hand-held analytical systems. These research and applied science efforts should ultimately contribute towards approved, regulated biodosimetry devices or diagnostic tests integrated into a national radioprotection program. 相似文献
74.
Quadratus plantae is a muscle in the sole of the foot, typically originating from the calcaneus and inserting into the posterolateral surface of the tendons of flexor digitorum longus. It is implicated in heel pain, claw toe deformity and diabetic polyneuropathy. Phylogenetic considerations suggest that quadratus plantae is getting bulkier, implying its significance in human locomotion. Is it simply an accessory flexor that brings the line of pull of flexor digitorum longus in line with the long axis of the foot, as its name would suggest? We cite evidence from electromyographic studies that suggest it actually acts as a primary toe flexor in voluntary movements, being preferentially recruited over flexor digitorum longus. From comparative anatomical considerations it also seems likely that quadratus plantae is an intrinsic evertor of the foot. Eversion is an important evolutionary asset, especially in erect bipedalism. Human electromyographic experiments have yet to confirm this. However, they do suggest that quadratus plantae functions to resist extension of the toes during the stance phase of locomotion, which serves to increase the stability of the foot. Future electromyographic experiments may provide more information on the role of quadratus plantae in human locomotor evolution and in foot eversion in particular. 相似文献
75.
Nair PS Moorthy PK Suprakasan S Jayapalan S Preethi K 《Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology》2005,71(3):199-201
A 2(1/2)-year-old child presented with multiple discrete granulomatous lesions on the face and flexural regions since the age of 2 months along with lymphadenopathy. The patient also had recurrent bouts of pyodermas and respiratory tract infections. Biopsy of the lesion showed necrosis of tissue with suppuration and histiocytes but no evidence of tuberculosis, fungal infections or atypical mycobacteria. Lymph node biopsy also showed necrosis with suppuration but no infective organism. Nitroblue tetrazolium test was negative indicating that the neutrophils failed to oxidize the dye. We are reporting here a rare case of chronic granulomatous disease. 相似文献
76.
A new amino PEG prodrug system, based entirely on aliphatic structures, has been designed using ester derivatives easily synthesized from N-modified bis-N-2-hydroxyethylglycinamides. Hydrolysis of the various promoiety bonds, in vivo, regenerated amine in a predictable manner. Thus, a novel new methodology for controlled release of amino-containing drugs, peptides, and proteins has been accomplished. This work demonstrates the usefulness of a PEG prodrug strategy that results in solubilization of insoluble amino-containing drugs and provides prodrugs with relatively long circulating half-lives. It can be appreciated that this novel system should also be applicable for nonpolymer-containing prodrugs as well. 相似文献
77.
Efficient drug delivery and administration are needed to realize the full potential of molecular therapeutics. Integrated microsystems that incorporate extremely fast sensory and actuation capabilities can fulfill this need for efficient drug delivery tools. Photolithographic technologies borrowed from the semiconductor industry enable mass production of such microsystems. Rapid prototyping allows for the quick development of customized devices that would accommodate for diverse therapeutic requirements. This paper reviews the capabilities of existing microfabrication and their applications in controlled drug delivery microsystems. The next generation of drug delivery systems--fully integrated and self-regulating--would not only improve drug administration, but also revolutionize the health-care industry. 相似文献
78.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a home intervention and ongoing maternal drug use on the developmental outcome of drug-exposed infants. DESIGN: Longitudinal randomized cohort study of a home intervention with substance-abusing mothers and their infants. Mother-infant dyads were randomly assigned to a control or intervention group at 2 weeks' post partum. Control families received brief monthly tracking visits. Intervention families received weekly home visits from 0 to 6 months and biweekly visits from 6 to 18 months by trained lay visitors. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred eight low-income, inner-city, drug-exposed children (control, 54; intervention, 54) who underwent developmental testing at 6, 12, and 18 months post partum and who remained with their biological mothers through 18 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Infant scores from the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) at 6, 12, and 18 months post partum. Maternal report of drug use during the pregnancy and ongoing drug use through 18 months post partum was assessed. RESULTS: In the repeated-measures analyses, intervention infants had significantly higher BSID Mental Developmental Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Developmental Index scores than control infants. Ongoing maternal cocaine and/or heroin use was associated with lower MDI scores. Finally, MDI scores decreased significantly in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Ongoing maternal drug use is associated with worse developmental outcomes among a group of drug-exposed infants. A home intervention led to higher BSID scores among drug-exposed infants. However, BSID MDI scores decreased during the first 18 months post partum among inner-city, low-socioeconomic-status infants in the present study. 相似文献
79.
Dexamethasone regulates endothelin-1 and endothelin receptors in human non-pigmented ciliary epithelial (HNPE) cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhang X Krishnamoorthy RR Prasanna G Narayan S Clark A Yorio T 《Experimental eye research》2003,76(3):261-272
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) lowers intraocular pressure (IOP) in animal models by regulating aqueous humour dynamics through both inflow and outflow mechanisms. Moreover, ET's concentration is elevated in glaucoma patients and in animal models of glaucoma. Glucocorticoid therapy often can lead to increase IOP in susceptible individuals including patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). In this study, we examined the effects of dexamethasone (Dex), a frequently used anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid, on the synthesis and release of endothelin-1 and on the expression of endothelin receptors in human non-pigmented ciliary epithelial (HNPE) cells, an established source for ET-1 in the anterior chamber. As measured by ET-1 immunoreactivity, ET-1 was concentration-dependently increased following 24hr Dex treatment, with a maximum concentration (100 nM) causing a threefold increase of ET-1 release. Western blot analysis of HNPE cells showed the expression of endothelin receptor A (ET(A)) and endothelin receptor B (ET(B)) with approximate molecular weights of 40 kDa. Dex treatment decreased ET(A) receptor expression at all Dex doses, but up-regulated ET(B) receptors with 10nM Dex having the greatest effect. Quantitative PCR demonstrated that Dex also increased the mRNA of pre-pro-ET-1 (ppET-1) and ET(B) but decreased the mRNA of ET(A). RU486, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, was able to block Dex's actions on ET release and ET(B) receptor expression, but did not block its action on ET(A) receptor expression. Endothelin receptors were minimally expressed in HNPE cells as determined in binding experiments (B(max): ET(A) 17, ET(B) 25 fmolmg(-1) membrane protein). However Dex treatment stimulated a dramatic increase in ET(B) receptor density while decreasing ET(A) receptors (B(max): ET(A) 11, ET(B) 116 fmolmg(-1) membrane protein). The regulation of endothelin and its receptors could be a novel mechanism associated with glucocorticoid's effects on intraocular pressure. The increase in ET-1 and disproportionate regulation in ET receptor expression by Dex could promote dysregulation in ET's mechanism on both inflow and outflow, thus affecting aqueous humour dynamics in the anterior chamber of the eye. 相似文献
80.
KN?FountoulakisEmail author A?Iacovides S?Kleanthous S?Samolis K?Gougoulias I?Tsiptsios GS?Kaprinis P?Bech 《BMC psychiatry》2003,3(1):2