Modulators of growth in primary culture of rat proximal tubular cells II

Summary: The present studies assessed the effects of manipulating extracellular sodium (Na) concentration and Na transport on cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia in primary culture of rat proximal tubular cells. A concentration-dependent effect on thymidine incorporation and protein content was observed with cell culture media Na concentration of 130, 140 and 150 mmol/L. This effect was independent of osmolality (matched with mannitol) and no stimulatory effect occurred if choline was substituted for Na. Cells derived from sham-operated (Sx) animals exposed to a higher media concentration of Na (150 vs 140 mmol/L) had both stimulated thymidine incorporation to 186.8 ± 35.41% (P<0.05) and enhanced cell protein content to 134.7 ± 135% (P<0.05). This effect was more pronounced in cell cultures derived from unilaterally nephrectomized (Nx) animals, being 212.8 ± 31.5% (P<0.01) for thymidine incorporation (P<0.05 vs cells from sham-operated animals grown in high Na media) and 114.4 ± 3.2% (P<0.001) for protein content (P=0.11 vs sham-operated cells grown in similar conditions). the addition of 10^?4 mmol/L ethylisopropyl amiloride hydrochloride (EIPA) to Nx cells in a normal or high Na concentration media resulted in a decrease in cellular protein content to 82.6 ± 6.8% (P<0.05) and 85.5 ± 0.2% (P<0.0001) compared to respective controls. 10^?4 mol/L EIPA in media supplemented with insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) blocked the proliferative response normally seen in response to this growth factor from 156.6 ± 13.7 to 27.5 ± 3.1% (P<0.0001) compared to control. However, the presence of EIPA did not abrogate the hypertrophic response elicited by IGF-1 (cell protein content 128.1 ± 13.1% of control with IGF-1 vs 124.9 ± 12.5 with IGF-1 and EIPA; P= n.s.). Addition of 10^?4 mol/L EIPA to 10% serum derived from either Sx or Nx animals blocked the growth response to the sera, limiting the cellular protein content to 76.6 ± 5.5% (P<0.0001) and 89.7 ± 4.4% (P<0.0001) and thymidine incorporation to quiescent levels of 0.2 ± 0.1% (P<0.0001) and 0.4 ± 0.1% (P<0.0001) compared to respective controls. In summary, rat renal proximal tubular cell growth is influenced by Na concentrations in the cell culture environment and inhibited in the presence of EIPA. This supports a role for altered epithelial transport in the cellular growth response to a number of stimuli.     

论医学生和谐就业伦理观的培养

结合目前医学生在就业过程中出现的不和谐伦理现象,分析了其主客观原因,提出了医学生和谐就业伦理观培养的现实途径.     

Immunohistochemical study of lymph nodes in patients with cat scratch disease.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Bartonella henselaeis the causative agent of cat scratch disease (CSD), manifesting as fever and acute regional lymphadenopathy. Although serologic testing is the reference method for diagnosis, successful use of immunohistochemical (IHC) stain of regional lymph nodes for the diagnosis of CSD has been reported. To determine the characterization and diagnostic potential of IHC in lymphadenopathy of CSD, lymph nodes were excised from patients with suspected CSD for further evaluation. METHODS: Polyclonal antibody-based IHC studies were performed for the detection of B. henselae. Between January 2001 and December 2004, the reference laboratory of the Center for Disease Control, Taiwan, received a total of 377 sera from 352 reported suspected CSD cases. Twenty-three formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lymph nodes from 16 patients and two skin biopsies from two patients suspected of having CSD were included in this study. Nine of them were serologically confirmed to have CSD and the others were seronegative but suspected to have CSD by the attending physicians. Seven lymph node specimens were obtained from tuberculosis patients for comparison. RESULTS: We demonstrated that the microorganisms existed in the cytoplasm of histiocytes within the granulomatous lesions in nine lymph nodes and one skin biopsy. Among the nine lymph nodes with IHC (+) stains, three were seronegative. On the other hand, three cases were IHC (+) and six cases were IHC (-) among nine seronegative patients. In addition, two seronegative patients with skin biopsy showed one IHC (+) and one IHC (-). CONCLUSION: IHC can contribute to the etiologic diagnosis of B. henselaelymphadenopathy when serology and molecular techniques are not available.     

Obesity in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Is Associated with Increased Postoperative Morbidity

Background: Despite the fact that obesity is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, many studies have failed to demonstrate that obesity is independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in nondiabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The authors investigated the influence of obesity on adverse postoperative outcomes in diabetic and nondiabetic patients after primary coronary artery bypass surgery.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing primary coronary artery bypass surgery (n = 9,862) between January 1995 and December 2004 at the Texas Heart Institute was performed. Diabetic (n = 3,374) and nondiabetic patients (n = 6,488) were classified into five groups, according to their body mass index: normal weight (n = 2,148), overweight (n = 4,257), mild obesity (n = 2,298), moderate obesity (n = 785), or morbid obesity (n = 338). Multivariate, stepwise logistic regression was performed controlling for patient demographics, medical history, and preoperative medications to determine whether obesity was independently associated with an increased risk of adverse postoperative outcomes.

Results: Obesity in nondiabetic patients was not independently associated with an increased risk of adverse postoperative outcomes. In contrast, obesity in diabetic patients was independently associated with a significantly increased risk of postoperative respiratory failure (odds ratio [OR], 2.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-3.61; P < 0.001), ventricular tachycardia (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.18-4.35; P < 0.02), atrial fibrillation (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.03-2.38; P < 0.04), atrial flutter (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.29-4.40; P < 0.01), renal insufficiency (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.10-3.41; P < 0.03), and leg wound infection (OR, 5.34; 95% CI, 2.27-12.54; P < 0.001). Obesity in diabetic patients was not independently associated with an increased risk of mortality, stroke, myocardial infarction, sepsis, or sternal wound infection.     

海南省钩端螺旋体病地理流行病学研究 Ⅰ.自然地理、动物地理区划和流行概况

本文简介海南岛的自然地理、啮齿动物地理区划和社会经济（包括人口数、性别年龄分布、人工植被、耕作习惯等）与钩端螺旋体病发生或流行有关的自然因素．扼要报告自1958─1991年以来各年度该病的发病率与病死率，比较了50─90年代总的发病态势是低→高→低，并略作了分析。     

Directed differentiation of Balb/C mouse embryonic stem cells into pancreatic islet-like cell clusters in vitro: observation by atomic force microscope]

OBJECTIVE: To observe the morphological changes of Balb/C mouse embryonic stem cells following directed differentiation into pancreatic islet-like cell clusters (PICC) in vitro using atomic force microscope (AFM). METHODS: Balb/C mouse embryonic stem cells were first cultured into embryonic bodies (EBs) and allowed to differentiate spontaneously for 4 days. The cells were then transferred to gelatin-coated dishes for the EBs to attach and spread on the tissue culture plates, in the course of which a series of cell growth factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and nicotinamide were added into the culture medium at specific time points to induce directed differentiation of the stem cells into PICC. Immunocytochemistry was employed to detect the cells positive for insulin and glucagon, which were observed with AFM. RESULTS: The embryonic stem cells developed into cell clusters of different sizes, in which the cells were tightly arranged. Islet B cells were numerous in the center of clusters and darkly stained, but fewer in the peripherals with lighter stains. Islet A cells expressing glucagon were relatively fewer in the cell clusters, found mainly in the peripherals. Scanning of the insulin-positive clusters by AFM revealed large quantity of tissue fibers resembling nerve fibers that formed a reticular structure in disorderly arrangement. Numerous round granules were observed in the cytoplasm of almost identical sizes ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 mum in diameter. CONCLUSION: The cell clusters obtained by directed differentiation are mature in both morphology and function with also well organized structures.     

微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛的预后影响因素研究

目的　探讨影响微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛手术疗效的因素。方法　分析 6 2例经微血管减压术治疗的三叉神经痛患者的临床特征、术中所见和术后疗效。血管对神经根的压迫程度分为单纯接触、接触和移位、单纯粘连、粘连和移位、萎缩五种。手术疗效包括术后疼痛立即缓解、延迟缓解、明显减轻和无效。结果　 6 2例患者起病时均表现为典型三叉神经痛 ,但在术前 17例已经转变为不典型。术中发现压迫血管与三叉神经根之间单纯接触 14例、接触和移位 7例、单纯粘连 15例、粘连和移位 18例、萎缩 8例。术后平均随访 14个月 ,疼痛在术后立即缓解 32例 (5 1 6 % ) ,延迟缓解 17例 (2 7 4 % ) ,明显减轻 11例 (17 7% ) ,无效 2例。结论　病程短、症状典型、以动脉压迫为主且能够充分减压的患者 ,术后多能获得好的疗效。相反 ,以静脉压迫为主 ,病程长及症状不典型的患者 ,术后疗效多不理想     

《武威汉代医简》"(疒夅)""泔(疒夅)""五(疒夅)"探讨

1972年出土的<武威汉代医简>第9、10两简有"五(疒夅)"及"石(疒夅)"、"血(疒夅)"、"膏(疒夅)"、"泔(疒夅)"的记载.就其病名与症状的描述而言,颇似当今的淋证.本文就两简中的"(疒夅)"、"泔(疒夅)"、"五(疒夅)"进行探讨,认为"(疒夅)"是多义字,有罢病、淋证等含义.同时又是"癃"的省写,故"(疒夅)"字即"癃"字,属"淋证"."泔(疒夅)",为米泔汁样小便,伴小便频数涩痛的症状,类似于当今临床"白浊"的部分表现."五(疒夅)"中的第五淋尚难以确定.