复方盐酸伪麻黄碱缓释胶囊治疗季节性变应性鼻炎的临床研究

目的　观察复方盐酸伪麻黄碱缓释胶囊治疗季节性变应性鼻炎患者的临床疗效和安全性。方法　采用开放、多中心临床研究设计。患者每次口服 1粒复方盐酸伪麻黄碱缓释胶囊、每日 2次、间隔 12h ,连服 7d ,然后观察患者症状和体征的改善情况。结果　本研究最终有 370例患者可供疗效分析 ,371例患者可供安全性分析。与服药前相比 ,患者服药第 1～ 7天各临床症状 (包括鼻塞、流涕、鼻痒、打喷嚏、流泪、眼痒、耳 /腭痒 )及体征 (包括鼻甲、鼻黏膜情况和眼部充血 )评分的改善均有统计学意义 (P <0 0 0 1)。复方盐酸伪麻黄碱缓释胶囊治疗季节性变应性鼻炎症状和体征的显效率分别为 70 %和 6 8% ,总有效率分别为 89%和 80 %。在用药过程中共有 5 4例患者报告了 6 1例次不良反应 ,主要为轻、中度困倦和口干。未出现严重不良反应。结论　复方盐酸伪麻黄碱缓释胶囊可持续有效控制季节性变应性鼻炎患者的症状和体征 ,疗效较高 ,耐受性较好     

Dedicated MR receiver coils: a simple design and construction method

We describe a simple method for design and construction of dedicated receiver coils for use in magnetic resonance imaging. We have been successful in constructing dedicated coils for multiple regions of the body using this method.     

Production of lactic acid by respiratory muscles

We measured blood lactate in normal subjects after 10 minutes of sustained maximum voluntary ventilation (SMVV) with end-tidal Pco₂ kept constant and after breathing against a big added respiratory load for 200 breaths. With SMVV subjects sustained on average 68% of the predicted maximum breathing capacity and achieved final lactate concentrations of 1·9 mmol/l (17·1 mg/100 ml), representing an average increase of about 1·0 mmol/l (9·0 mg/100 ml) over resting values. There was a wide range between individuals, from no increase at all to 2·7 mmol/l, despite similar levels of ventilation. Breathing against added loads produced much smaller changes in blood lactate.     

The Carbohydrate Metabolism and Respiration of Isolated Small Lymphocytes: In Vitro Studies of Normal and Phytohemagglutinin Stimulated Cells

1. A homogeneous population of small lymphocytes with an average size of6.7 micra was isolated from equine blood.

2. These cells could be maintained in vitro, with essentially complete survivalfor 24 hours, and with a 50% viability for five days.

3. The small lymphocytes consumed glucose at a rate of 1.87 mµmoles/1 x10⁷ cells/minute, and produced lactic acid at a rate of 2.30 mµmoles/1 x 10⁷cells/minute.

4. The oxygen consumption of small equine lymphocytes was 1.023 ± .165mµmo1es oxygen 1 x 10⁷ cells/minute, and that of mixed peripheral bloodleukocytes, 1.25 ± .07 mµmoles oxygen/1 x 10⁷ cells/minute, as determined, using a Clark oxygen electrode.

5. Lymphocyte glycolysis was stimulated under anaerobic conditions (Pasteur effect), and viability appeared unimpaired after 24 hours in a N₂ environment.

6. Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation by the addition of 2,4, dinitrophenol stimulated both respiration and glycolysis.

7. The glycogen content of the normal small horse lymphocyte was 7.45 ±1.04 µg glucose equivalents per 1 x 10⁷ cells.

8. Many of the initial cell population were transformed into "blasts" followingthe addition of phytohemagglutin to the tissue culture medium. Thisresponse was associated with an increase in the rate of glycolysis andrespiration by 24 hours, and a rise in intracellular glycogen by 48 hours.

Submitted on December 7, 1966 Accepted on May 22, 1967     

Validation of the revised International Prognostic Scoring System in treated patients with myelodysplastic syndromes

The International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) was recently revised (IPSS‐R) under the auspices of the MDS Foundation as a collaborative international effort to refine its prognostic power. Our purpose was to externally validate this new risk model using a large single‐institution cohort, determine its prognostic power in patients receiving active treatment, and explore its utility in guiding therapeutic decisions. Data were collected retrospectively from our myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) database and verified by chart review. Of the data available for 1,088 patients, 152 (14%), 353 (32%), 237 (22%), 190 (18%), and 156 (14%) patients were classified as very low, low, intermediate, high, and very high risk, respectively, with median overall survival (OS) of 90 (95%CI 71–109), 54 (95%CI 50–59), 34 (95%CI 26–43), 21 (95%CI 17–25), and 13 months (95%CI 11–15), respectively (P < 0.005). We found that the IPSS‐R further refined prognostic discrimination in all IPSS risk categories, particularly in the intermediate 1 and 2 groups. Among high and very high IPSS‐R patients receiving azacitidine, OS was significantly improved versus patients not receiving azacitidine, with corresponding median OS of 25 versus 18 months (P = 0.028) and 15 versus 9 months (P = 0.005), respectively. Similarly, patients with IPSS‐R high‐ and very high‐risk disease who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation had significantly improved OS versus nontransplant approaches (P < 0.005). High and very high IPSS‐R patients derived a survival advantage from disease‐modifying therapies. Our data validate the prognostic value of the proposed IPSS‐R and show that its refined IPSS prognostic discrimination can be applied to actively treated patients. Am. J. Hematol. 88:566–570, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Effective peer-to-peer support for young people with end-stage renal disease: a mixed methods evaluation of Camp COOL

Background

The Camp COOL programme aims to help young Dutch people with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) develop self-management skills. Fellow patients already treated in adult care (hereafter referred to as ‘buddies’) organise the day-to-day program, run the camp, counsel the attendees, and also participate in the activities. The attendees are young people who still have to transfer to adult care. This study aimed to explore the effects of this specific form of peer-to-peer support on the self-management of young people (16–25 years) with ESRD who participated in Camp COOL (CC) (hereafter referred to as ‘participants’).

Methods

A mixed methods research design was employed. Semi-structured interviews (n?=?19) with initiators/staff, participants, and healthcare professionals were conducted. These were combined with retrospective and pre-post surveys among participants (n?=?62), and observations during two camp weeks.

Results

Self-reported effects of participants were: increased self-confidence, more disease-related knowledge, feeling capable of being more responsible and open towards others, and daring to stand up for yourself. According to participants, being a buddy or having one positively affected them. Self-efficacy of attendees and independence of buddies increased, while attendees’ sense of social inclusion decreased (measured as domains of health-related quality of life). The buddy role was a pro-active combination of being supervisor, advisor, and leader.

Conclusions

Camp COOL allowed young people to support each other in adjusting to everyday life with ESRD. Participating in the camp positively influenced self-management in this group. Peer-to-peer support through buddies was much appreciated. Support from young adults was not only beneficial for adolescent attendees, but also for young adult buddies. Paediatric nephrologists are encouraged to refer patients to CC and to facilitate such initiatives. Together with nephrologists in adult care, they could take on a role in selecting buddies.