延迟小结追加反馈对基础护理操作技能学习的影响

目的 探讨基础护理操作技能教学中延迟小结追加反馈对教学效果的影响.方法 随机抽取护理专业2003级2个专科班的125名学生分为控制班(62人)、实验班(63人).在基础护理操作技能教学中控制班采用同步追加反馈,反馈频率为100%,反馈内容为操作错误的信息;实验班采用延迟小结追加反馈,反馈频率为25%～30%,反馈内容为操作错误以及正确操作的信息.结果 控制班在技能获得阶段操作成绩显著高于实验班(P＜0.01),但在随后保持阶段的测试中成绩逐渐下降并显著低于实验班(P＜0.01).结论 练习过程中追加反馈的内容、时机和频率对基础护理操作技能的教学效果有影响.同步追加反馈可以保证技能习得阶段的表现却不利于技能的保持;延迟小结性反馈最有利于基础护理操作技能的学习.     

眩晕对患者生活质量影响的调查与分析

目的分析眩晕对患者生活质量的影响.方法采用患者自评的方法对145例眩晕患者进行调查.结果眩晕的发生频率和严重程度严重影响患者的生活质量.结论医护人员提供良好的护理康复方法,可以减轻眩晕患者的症状,提高患者生活质量.     

Gender Differences in the Clinical Characteristics and Atrioventricular Nodal Conduction Properties in Patients With Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia

Gender Differences in Patients With AVNRT. Introduction: The detailed electrophysiological characteristics of the gender differences associated with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) have not been clarified. This study investigated the gender‐related electrophysiological differences in a large series of patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation. Methods and Results: A total of 2,088 consecutive AVNRT patients (men/women 869/1,219) who underwent catheter ablation were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the gender differences in their electrophysiological characteristics. Women had a significantly younger age of onset, higher incidence of multiple jumps, shorter AH interval, atrial effective refractory period (ERP), anterograde fast pathway ERP, anterograde slow pathway ERP, and retrograde slow pathway ERP, and longer ventricular ERP than men. The incidence of baseline ventriculoatrial dissociation was lower in women than in men. Women needed less isoproterenol/atropine to induce AVNRT. No gender differences in the radiation exposure time, procedure time, complication rate, acute success rate, or second procedure rate were noted. Both typical and atypical AVNRT were more predominant in women. In the patients with atypical AVNRT, there was no significant gender difference in incidence of baseline ventriculoatrial dissociation; however, the retrograde slow pathway ERP was significantly shorter in women than in men. Women of premenopausal age (≤50 years old) had a significantly higher incidence of anterograde multiple jumps and a retrograde jump phenomenon, and a shorter anterograde slow pathway ERP and retrograde slow pathway ERP than those of women over 50 years old. Conclusion: Gender differences in the anterograde and retrograde AV nodal electrophysiology were noted in the patients with AVNRT. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 1114‐1119)     

上臂内侧扩张皮瓣修复面部瘢痕挛缩

目的探讨上臂内侧扩张皮瓣面部瘢痕挛缩的方法及效果。方法采用上臂内侧扩张皮瓣修复面部瘢痕挛缩17例。结果本组皮瓣面积(10 cm×8 cm)~(15 cm×9 cm),移植皮瓣全部成活。7例随访3个月~5年,皮瓣外形良好,色泽与面部皮肤相近,供瓣区遗留瘢痕较小。结论上臂内侧扩张皮瓣修复面部瘢痕挛缩效果良好,虽所需时间长,且需强迫体位固定,但仍不失为面部整形修复的可选之法。     

从督脉论治重症肌无力

结合督脉生理功能论述督脉是重症肌无力发病的经络学基础,临床上可考虑以通调督脉为主,配合背俞穴、阳明经穴等以调整全身脏腑功能,促进气血津液生成和运行以濡养皮肉经脉骨节,调理筋经,养脑益髓,调节机体免疫从而促进重症肌无力骨骼肌痿软无力以及中枢神经受损症状的全面恢复.     

柘树黄酮体内外抗肿瘤作用研究

目的评价柘树黄酮的抗肿瘤活性。方法采用甲基噻唑基四唑比色法体外检测柘树黄酮对15种肿瘤细胞株的生长抑制作用;建立B16黑色素瘤小鼠肿瘤模型和SKOV-3卵巢癌裸小鼠移植瘤模型,评价柘树黄酮的体内抗肿瘤活性：建立S180肉瘤小鼠肿瘤模型,考察柘树黄酮与环磷酰胺、顺铂及5-氟尿嘧啶等化疗药物的协同作用。结果柘树黄酮对人胃癌细胞（BGC-823）株、人肺癌细胞（A549）株及小鼠淋巴细胞白血病细胞（L1210）株较敏感,半数抑制浓度（IC50）分别为611、12．20和12．73ug／mL,对其他12种细胞株的细胞毒作用较小。体内试验表明,柘树黄酮能有效抑制B16黑色素瘤（250mg／kg时抑瘤率为50．54％）,并对SKOV-3卵巢癌裸小鼠移植肿瘤的生长有很好的抑制作用（250mg／kg时抑瘤率为46．38％）;柘树黄酮与化疗药物有明显的协同作用。结论体内体外试验均表明柘树黄酮有较好的抗肿瘤作用,并且与环磷酰胺、顺铂及5-氟尿嘧啶等化疗药物具有协同效应。     

生物可降解聚合物微球的制备设备概况

概述了制备生物可降解微球的工艺设备及工作原理,如基于乳化法的改进方法、基于射流激发、电压驱动或"切割"成型的设备.     

窄谱中波紫外线对寻常型白癜风患者皮肤组织液白介素-1β及白介素-6的影响

目的:探讨窄谱中波紫外线(NarrowBand UltravioletB NB-UVB)治疗白癜风的作用机制。方法:采用放射免疫方法测定20例白癜风患者在窄谱中波紫外线治疗前后的白斑部位和非白斑的皮肤组织液中IL(白介素)-1β及IL-6水平。结果:白斑区皮肤组织液IL-6值为(7.33±5.56)ng/mL,低于非白斑区的(20.76±15.85)ng/mL,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);NB-UVB处理后的白斑区皮肤组织液的IL-6与处理前相比明显升高,分别为(25.26±27.24)ng/mL与(7.33±5.56)ng/mL,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IL-1β在白斑区、非白斑区于NB-UVB处理前、后均无明显变化。结论:NB-UVB照射后皮肤组织液内IL-6含量升高,NB-UVB能促使角质形成细胞分泌IL-6,这可能是其光疗后引起白斑着色的机制之一,IL-6可能与白癜风的发病有关。     

两种止血带缚扎压力的应用效果评价

目的比较依据肢体动脉阻断压和传统压力缚扎止血带的应用效果,为确立较安全、有效的止血带缚扎压力提供依据。方法对7例健康志愿者进行自身对照,采用肢体动脉阻断压力和传统压力两种方法缚扎止血带于受试者左下肢大腿根部,观察其左足第1趾甲襞微循环、肢体远端组织血流量和皮温的变化,并通过视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scales,VAS)评价受试者的主观感受。结果两种方法缚扎止血带时左足第1趾甲襞微循环血流均为停滞状态,肢体远端组织血流量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);应用肢体动脉阻断压力时的肢体远端皮温高于应用传统压力时,而VAS评分低于应用传统压力时,差异有统计学差异(均P<0.05)。结论依据肢体动脉阻断压和传统压力缚扎止血带均能有效阻断血流,但依据肢体动脉阻断压确定的止血带压力缚扎止血带时受试者的肢体远端皮温降低幅度较小,肢体疼痛程度和不适度较低,故依据肢体动脉阻断压确定止血带压力是较为安全、有效的止血带使用压力,且能够减轻患者的肢体疼痛和不适感。