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71.
72.
Staff members' acceptance of the introduction of workplace smoking bans in the Australian public service 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The acceptability to employees of workplace smoking bans is an important factor in their introduction and in subsequent compliance. This study describes the acceptance by affected staff members before the ban on smoking in Australian public-service premises. Four thousand, two hundred and fifteen (79% of those who were approached) public servants were surveyed from areas of six departments across three states. Twenty-five per cent of the sample were current smokers. Support for the bans was strong, with 76% of the sample approving over all. Approval among smokers was less, with 40% of smokers approving, compared with 82% of ex-smokers and 90% of "never" smokers. Thus, the results show a generally favourable attitudinal milieu among employees who were facing an impending ban on smoking, and far-from-unanimous opposition from smokers. Among smokers, acceptance of the bans was predictable from the attitudes towards smoking acceptance of the bans was predictable from the attitudes towards smoking in general, and from the perceived impact of the bans on smokers. The existence of restrictions on smoking at the time of the survey was associated with slightly higher levels of approval of the impending total ban, especially when the restrictions were not seen as being imposed on the respondents by others. 相似文献
73.
Developmental regulation of the 5-HT7 serotonin receptor and transcription factor NGFI-A in the fetal guinea-pig limbic system: influence of GCs 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
74.
Delta-like 1 is necessary for the generation of marginal zone B cells but not T cells in vivo 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Hozumi K Negishi N Suzuki D Abe N Sotomaru Y Tamaoki N Mailhos C Ish-Horowicz D Habu S Owen MJ 《Nature immunology》2004,5(6):638-644
Notch receptors and their ligands contribute to many developmental systems, but it is not apparent how they function after birth, as their null mutants develop severe defects during embryogenesis. Here we used the Cre-loxP system to delete the Delta-like 1 gene (Dll1) after birth and demonstrated the complete disappearance of splenic marginal zone B cells in Dll1-null mice. In contrast, T cell development was unaffected. These results demonstrated that Dll1 was dispensable as a ligand for Notch1 at the branch point of T cell-B cell development but was essential for the generation of marginal zone B cells. Thus, Notch signaling is essential for lymphocyte development in vivo, but there is a redundancy of Notch-Notch ligand signaling that can drive T cell development within the thymus. 相似文献
75.
The effects of intracerebral implants of steroid hormones on scent marking in the female gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) were studied in two experiments. In Experiment 1 various steroids were implanted alone or in combination into the preoptic and anterior hypothalamic area of ovariectomized females. Unilateral implants of testosterone + estrogen, estrogen, estrogen + progesterone, testosterone and testosterone + progesterone stimulated a significant level of marking when compared to controls. Experiment 2 utilized bilateral implants of estrogen dissolved in paraffin in order to explore the distribution hormone sensitive areas in the brain which might be important in the regulation of scent marking in the female gerbil. Pellets of estrogen-paraffin were implanted stereotaxically into either the anterior hypothalamus, preoptic area, septum, hippocampus, thalamus, amygdala or anterior olfactory nucleus of ovariectomized females. Total dosage of hormone implanted was 8.2–8.4 μg. A significant level of marking resulted in animals receiving implants into the anterior hypothalamus, preoptic area and septum when compared to controls. Marking appeared at about the same rate in each of these groups; however, the level of marking attained differed. By the last trial, anterior hypothalamic implanted animals were marking significantly more often than animals in either the preoptic or septum groups. Although there was no evidence of ieakage from the brain, the data suggested that some rapid diffusion of hormone, largely restricted to the brain, was taking place or that the three areas were differentially responsive to the hormone. The data do indicate that some localization of function does exist with respect to regulation of scent marking in the female. 相似文献
76.
Interpersonal stressors and resources as predictors of parental adaptation following pediatric traumatic injury 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Wade SL Stancin T Taylor HG Drotar D Yeates KO Minich NM 《Journal of consulting and clinical psychology》2004,72(5):776-784
The authors examined the relationship of preinjury interpersonal resources and stressors to parental adaptation following pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and orthopedic injury. Parents of children with severe TBI (n = 53), moderate TBI (n = 56), and orthopedic injuries (n = 80) were assessed soon after injury, 6 and 12 months after the initial evaluation, and at an extended follow-up with a mean of 4 years postinjury. General linear model analyses provide support for both main and moderating effects of stressors and resources on parental adjustment. Support from friends and spouse was associated with less psychological distress, whereas family and spouse stressors were associated with greater distress. The results also reveal a marked decline in injury-related stress over follow-up for families in the severe TBI group who reported a combination of high stressors and high resources. The decline suggests that interpersonal resources attenuated long-term family burden because of severe TBI. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for intervention following TBI. 相似文献
77.
Bowen T Guy CA Cardno AG Vincent JB Kennedy JL Jones LA Gray M Sanders RD McCarthy G Murphy KC Owen MJ O'Donovan MC 《Psychiatric genetics》2000,10(1):33-37
A number of studies using the repeat expansion detection (RED) technique have suggested an association between unknown large CAG/CTG repeats and schizophrenia. The polymorphic CAG/CTG repeat loci CTG18.1 and ERDA1 have been reported to account for a high proportion (approximately 90%) of the large repeats detected by RED and may therefore be responsible for the cited association. The recently described locus TGC13-7a contains a highly polymorphic CTA/TAG and CAG/CTG composite repeat, and is thus another authentic candidate. In the present investigation, each locus was analysed for association with schizophrenia in a sample of 206 patients and 219 group-matched controls. No evidence for association of CTG18.1, ERDA1 and/or TGC13-7a with schizophrenia was found. The combined data accounted for only 54% of the CAG/CTG arrays of > 40 repeats found in our previous RED analysis. 相似文献
78.
Margalith M Chatlynne LG Fuchs E Owen C Lee CR Yermiyahu T Whitman JE Ablashi DV 《Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)》2003,34(5):500-505
OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of antibodies to human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) or Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus among Israeli and Ethiopian subjects. METHODS: Serum samples were obtained from 98 Israeli Jewish students aged 18-30 years, 100 HIV-1-seronegative Ethiopian immigrants to Israel of the same age, and 100 HIV-1-seronegative Ethiopian children 1-12 years old upon their arrival in southern Israel. Plasma samples were obtained from 3 hospitalized patients with multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) as positive controls. All serum samples were tested for antibodies to both latent and lytic antigens. Antibodies to the lytic antigens and the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) of HHV-8 were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and by immunofluorescence assay. HHV-8 DNA from serum or plasma samples was detected by polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS: Antibodies to HHV-8 LANA were detected in 2.9% of the Israeli subjects aged 18-30 years and in 26% of the Ethiopian subjects from both age groups tested. Antibodies to the lytic antigens were detected in all 3 MCD patients, in 4% of the Ethiopian children, and in 2% of the 18- to 30-year-old Ethiopians. No antibodies to the lytic antigens were detected in the Israeli students. HHV-8 DNA was detected in all 3 MCD patients and in 2 of 4 of the Ethiopian children positive for the lytic antigens. CONCLUSIONS: HHV-8 is highly prevalent in Ethiopian immigrants to Israel as compared with Israeli students. Antibodies to HHV-8 in Ethiopia are acquired before puberty. The results of this study indicate the association of HHV-8 with MCD, as has been documented by many other researchers. 相似文献
79.
Topical treatments for seasonal allergic conjunctivitis: systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and effectiveness 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Christopher G Owen Anupa Shah Katherine Henshaw Liam Smeeth Aziz Sheikh 《The British journal of general practice》2004,54(503):451-456
BACKGROUND: Evidence for the effectiveness of topical treatments, in providing symptomatic relief from ocular allergy, remains uncertain. AIMS: To assess the effectiveness and relative efficacy of topical treatments for the management of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. DESIGN OF STUDY: A systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING: A literature search of the Cochrane Library, Medline, and EMBASE bibliographic databases. METHOD: Double-masked randomised controlled trials were identified, that compared the use of topical mast cell stabilisers (sodium cromoglycate, nedocromil, lodoxamide) with placebo, topical antihistamines with placebo, and topical mast cell stabilisers with topical antihistamines. RESULTS: A meta-analysis of six trials showed that patients using sodium cromoglycate were 17 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4 to 78) more likely to perceive benefit compared with those using a placebo, although this estimate may be partially influenced by publication bias. Five trials indicated that those patients using nedocromil were 1.8 times (95% CI = 1.3 to 2.6) more likely to perceive their allergy to be moderately or totally controlled than those using a placebo. Four trials showed that those using antihistamines were 1.3 times (95% CI = 0.8 to 2.2) more likely to perceive a 'good' treatment effect than those using mast cell stabilisers, although this beneficial effect was not statistically significant. Limited evidence suggests that antihistamines might have a faster therapeutic effect compared to mast cell stabilisers. CONCLUSION: Overall, these findings confirm the benefit of topical mast cell stabilisers and antihistamines over placebo for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. There is, however, insufficient evidence to recommend the use of one type of medication over another. Treatment preferences should therefore be based on convenience of use (with reduced frequency of instillation for some preparations), patient preference, and costs, especially as important side effects were not reported with any medication. 相似文献
80.
Mutation of antitrypsin to antithrombin. alpha 1-antitrypsin Pittsburgh (358 Met leads to Arg), a fatal bleeding disorder 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
M C Owen S O Brennan J H Lewis R W Carrell 《The New England journal of medicine》1983,309(12):694-698
Our previous studies predicted a functional relationship between the plasma proteins alpha 1-antitrypsin and antithrombin III. To elucidate this relationship we investigated the plasma of a 14-year-old boy who had died from an episodic bleeding disorder. A variant alpha 1-antitrypsin was identified in which the methionine at position 358 had been replaced by an arginine. This had converted the alpha 1-antitrypsin from its normal function as an inhibitor of elastase to that of an inhibitor of thrombin. This finding indicates that the reactive center of alpha 1-antitrypsin is methionine 358, which acts as a bait for elastase, just as the normal reactive center of antithrombin III is arginine 393, which acts as a bait for thrombin. The independence of the new thrombin inhibitor from heparin control explains the bleeding disorder; it also indicates that heparin normally acts directly on antithrombin III, revealing its inherent inhibitory activity. The episodic nature of the bleeding was a consequence of the mutant protein's being an acute-phase reactant, the level of which increased several-fold after trauma. 相似文献