Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver: radiologic- pathologic correlation

Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma (UES) is an uncommon malignant mesenchymal hepatic tumor that occurs in older children and young adults. Fourteen cases are correlated with radiologic and pathologic findings. Radiologic findings reflect the spectrum of solid to cystic appearances observed in the gross specimens. Sonography typically demonstrates a large mass that may be predominantly solid with many small anechoic spaces or may be cystic. Computed tomography reveals a hypodense mass with hyperdense septa of variable thickness and a dense peripheral rim corresponding to the fibrous pseudocapsule of the tumor. Angiographically, UES is usually hypovascular with tumoral vessels, although hypervascular and avascular patterns occur. Prognosis of UES is poor, with a median survival of less than 1 year. Radiologists should be familiar with this malignant tumor since it may present as a large cystic hepatic mass, suggestive of a benign lesion.     

胰岛素与胰岛素样生长因子在肝脏副交感神经反射中的作用

目的 :为了检验一个新的学说 :是胰岛素而不是胰岛素样生长因子 (IGF-1 )激活肝脏副交感神经反射。方法 :应用快速胰岛素敏感试验 (RIST)方法。其指标是 :在胰岛素或胰岛素样生长因子 (IGF- )推注后为了维持大白鼠实验期间的正常血糖水平而灌注的葡萄糖量。我们比较了胰岛素 5 0 mu/kg及 IGF- 2 0 0μg/kg输入实验的大白鼠体内后的血糖贮存量。结果 :IGF- 2 0 0 μg/kg与胰岛素 5 0 mu/kg有相似的低血糖作用。通过输入阿托品 (1 .0 mg/kg)阻断肝脏副交感神经反射导致胰岛素抵抗 ,而对 IGF- 无影响。结论 :是胰岛素而不是IGF- 激活肝脏副交感神经反射释放出一种激素刺激血糖在骨骼肌的摄取     

Acetabular fractures: optimal imaging

In 19 cases of acetabular fracture, computed tomography (CT) with volumetric three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions displayed as video loops about horizontal and vertical axes of rotation replaced the traditional imaging combination of CT and multiple plain radiographs, while offering significant advantages. Overlying bowel content or foreign matter obscured detail in 36 of 45 plain radiographic views, and positioning or radiographic technique was suboptimal in 21. Three-dimensional reconstructions completely eliminated these problems. These 3D reconstructions accurately simulated oblique, inlet, and tangential views in all cases. In ten of 19 cases a nonconventional oblique view, and in 13 of 19 cases a cephalocaudal angulation other than the inlet, tangential, or anteroposterior view, best demonstrated the fracture. Elimination of five plain radiographs resulted in a skin radiation dose savings of 5 rad (50 mGy). No difficult or painful patient positioning was required beyond that necessary for the standard CT examination.