超滤工艺对风痛宁注射液中有效成分的影响

目的：采用正交试验方法,研究超滤工艺对风痛宁注射液有效成分的影响。方法：以温度、pH值、药液浓度和超滤膜截留分子量4因素进行正交设计,盐酸青藤碱为检测指标,测定超滤前后药液成分浓度,通过计算透过率来观察盐酸青藤碱超滤前后的含量变化。结果：温度、pH值、药液浓度和超滤膜截留分子量4个考察因素对盐酸青藤碱透过率无显著影响。结论：风痛宁注射液有效成分进行超滤的适用性较好。     

恶性淋巴瘤贫血发生率调查分析

目的：研究恶性淋巴瘤患者的贫血发生情况及其影响因素。方法：对我院2007—05-04—2012-09—30住院的1474例恶性淋巴瘤患者（初治1145例,复治329例）进行回顾性分析,统计其贫血发生率,并根据初治或复治、不同．病理类型、性别、年龄、临床分期或是否有B症状进行分组分析。结果：初治患者的贫血发生率为23．3％（267／1145）,复治患者的贫血发生率为41．9％（138／329）,明显升高,χ2=44．5,P〈0．001。不同病理类型初治患者贫血发生率由高至低依次为淋巴浆细胞淋巴瘤75．0％,血管免疫母T细胞淋巴瘤40．0％,套细胞淋巴瘤32．6％,外周T细胞淋巴瘤（非特指型）29．4％,弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤25．3％,霍奇金淋巴瘤24．8％,边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤24．7％,NK／T细胞淋巴瘤21．4％,Burkitt淋巴瘤16．7％,问变大T细胞淋巴瘤14．3％,淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤11．3％,滤泡性淋巴瘤10．7％,蕈样霉菌病10％,弥漫小B细胞淋巴瘤8．3％。单因素分析发现,病理类型（χ2=32．4,P=0．002）、年龄（χ2=8．0,P=0．005）、分期（χ2=60．7,P〈0．001）和B症状（χ2=127．8,P〈0．001）是初治淋巴瘤贫血的危险因素。初治的贫血患者中侵犯食管、胃和肠等部位的患者比例较高,为35．2％（94／267）。结论：恶性淋巴瘤患者有较高的贫血发生率,复治患者贫血发生率明显高于初治患者,初治患者贫血的发生与病理类型、年龄、分期和B症状有密切关系。年龄〉60岁、Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、胃肠道侵犯、有B症状患者更易发生贫血。     

New Cochrane Systematic Reviews – Cochrane Oral Health Group

ENAMEL MATRIX DERIVATIVE (EMDOGAIN®) FOR PERIODONTAL TISSUE REGENERATION IN INTRABONY DEFECTS (Cochrane Review). In: THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS, ISSUE 4, 2005.Esposito M, Grusovin MG, Coulthard P, Worthington H

Background

Periodontitis is a chronic infective disease of the gums caused by bacteria present in dental plaque. This condition induces the breakdown of the tooth-supporting apparatus until teeth are lost. Surgery may be indicated to arrest disease progression and regenerate lost tissues. Several surgical techniques have been developed to regenerate periodontal tissues including guided tissue regeneration (GTR), bone grafting (BG), and the use of enamel matrix derivative (EMD). EMD is an extract of enamel matrix and contains amelogenins of various molecular weights. Amelogenins are involved in the formation of enamel and periodontal attachment formation during tooth development.

Objectives

The objectives were to test whether EMD is effective, and to compare EMD versus GTR and various BG procedures for the treatment of intrabony defects.

Search strategy

We searched the Cochrane OHG Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. Several journals were hand searched. No language restrictions were applied. Authors of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) who were identified, personal contacts, and the manufacturer were contacted to identify unpublished trials. The most recent search was May 2005.

Selection criteria

Selected studies were RCTs on patients affected by periodontitis having intrabony defects of at least 3 mm treated with EMD compared with open flap debridement, GTR, and various BG procedures with at least 1 year of follow-up. The outcome measures considered were tooth loss, changes in probing attachment levels (PAL), pocket depths (PPD), gingival recessions (REC), bone levels from the bottom of the defects on intraoral radiographs, esthetics, and adverse events. The following time points were to be evaluated: 1, 5, and 10 years.

Data collection & analysis

Screening of eligible studies, assessment of the methodological quality of the trials, and data extraction were conducted in duplicate and independently by 2 authors. Results were expressed as random-effects models using mean differences for continuous outcomes and risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous outcomes with 95% confidence intervals (CI). It was decided not to investigate heterogeneity, but a sensitivity analysis for the risk of bias of the trials was performed.

Main results

Ten trials were included out of 29 potentially eligible trials. No included trial presented data after 5 years of follow-up, therefore all data refer to the 1-year time point. A meta-analysis including 8 trials showed that EMD-treated sites displayed statistically significant PAL improvements (mean difference 1.2 mm, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.7) and PPD reduction (0.8 mm, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.0) when compared to placebo or control treated sites, although a high degree of heterogeneity was found. Significantly more sites had less than 2 mm PAL gain in the control group, with RR 0.48 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.80). Approximately 6 patients needed to be treated (NNT) to have 1 patient gaining 2 mm or more PAL over the control group, based on a prevalence in the control group of 35%. No differences in tooth loss or esthetic appearance as judged by the patients were observed. When evaluating the only 2 trials at a low risk of bias in a sensitivity analysis, the effect size for PAL was 0.6 mm, which was less than 1.2 mm for the overall result. Comparing EMD with GTR (5 trials), GTR showed a statistically significant increase of REC (0.4 mm) and significantly more postoperative complications. No trials were found comparing EMD with BG.

Reviewers' conclusions

One year after its application, EMD significantly improved PAL levels (1.2 mm) and PPD reduction (0.8 mm) when compared to a placebo or control, however, the high degree of heterogeneity observed among trials suggests that results have to be interpreted with great caution. In addition, a sensitivity analysis indicated that the overall treatment effect might be overestimated. The actual clinical advantages of using EMD are unknown. With the exception of significantly more postoperative complications in the GTR group, there was no evidence of clinically important differences between GTR and EMD.

Abstract

INTERVENTIONS FOR REPLACING MISSING TEETH: DENTAL IMPLANTS IN ZYGOMATIC BONE FOR THE REHABILITATION OF THE SEVERELY DEFICIENT EDENTULOUS MAXILLA (Cochrane Review). In: THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS, ISSUE 4, 2005.Esposito M, Worthington HV, Coulthard P

Background

Dental implants are used for replacing missing teeth. Placing dental implants is limited by the presence of adequate bone volume permitting their anchorage. Several bone-augmentation procedures have been developed to solve this problem. Zygomatic implants are long screw-shaped implants developed as a partial or complete alternative to bone augmentation procedures for the severely atrophic maxilla. One to 3 zygomatic implants can be inserted through the posterior alveolar crest and maxillary sinus to engage the body of the zygomatic bone. A couple of conventional dental implants are also needed in the frontal region of the maxilla to stabilize the prosthesis. The potential main advantages of zygomatic implants could be that in some situations bone grafting may not be needed and a fixed denture could be fitted sooner. Another specific indication for using zygomatic implants could be the need for maxillary reconstruction after maxillectomy in cancer patients.

Objectives

The objective was to test the hypothesis of no difference in outcomes between zygomatic implants with and without bone-augmenting procedures in comparison with conventional dental implants in augmented bone for severely resorbed maxillae.

Search strategy

We searched the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trial Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, and EMBASE. We hand searched several dental journals. No language restrictions were applied. Personal contacts and all known zygomatic implant manufacturers were contacted to identify unpublished trials. The most recent search was May 2005.

Selection criteria

Studies selected were randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) that included patients with severely resorbed maxillae who could not be rehabilitated with conventional dental implants and were treated with zygomatic implants with and without bone grafts versus patients treated with conventional dental implants in conjunction with bone-augmentation procedures having a follow-up of at least 1 year. Outcome measures considered were prosthesis and implant failures, side effects, patient satisfaction, and cost-effectiveness.

Data collection & analysis

Screening of eligible studies, assessment of the methodological quality of trials, and data extraction were to be conducted in duplicate and independently by 2 authors. Results were to be expressed as random-effects models using weighted mean differences for continuous outcomes and risk ratio for dichotomous outcomes with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was to be investigated including both clinical and methodological factors.

Main results

No RCTs or controlled clinical trials (CCTs) were identified.

Reviewers' conclusions

There is the need for RCTs in this area to assess whether zygomatic implants offer some advantages over alternative bone-augmentation techniques for treating atrophic maxillae.     

Treatment of psoriasis with fumaric acid esters: results of a prospective multicentre study

Systemic treatment of psoriasis with fumaric acid esters (FAE) has been found effective by empirical means. In recent years clinical studies have confirmed the antipsoriatic activity of a defined mixture of different FAE. The aim of the present prospective multicentre study was to investigate further the efficacy and safety of FAE therapy in a large number of patients with severe psoriasis vulgaris. From 101 patients included in the study 70 completed the treatment period of 4 months. Discontinuation was due to adverse events in seven, lack of efficacy in two, and other reasons, such as non-attendance for scheduled visits, in 22 patients. Evaluation of overall efficacy showed a decrease in psoriasis area and severity index of 80% after 4 months of FAE therapy. Laboratory investigations revealed a slight overall decrease of lymphocytes during the treatment period which was more than 50% below baseline in 10 patients. During weeks 4 and 8 mean eosinophil counts were above the normal range. At the end of FAE therapy elevated eosinophil counts had returned to normal values. None of the patients showed changes in renal function parameters throughout the study. Adverse events were reported in 69% of the patients mainly consisting of gastrointestinal complaints (56%) and flushing (31%). In five patients gastrointestinal complaints and in two patients flushing led to withdrawal from the study. Taken together the results of this multicentre study showed in a large number of patients that systemic FAE treatment is effective in severe psoriasis vulgaris. Transient eosinophilia seems to be a characteristic feature of FAE therapy, while lymphocytopenia is usually mild. Adverse effects are dose-related and consist mainly of gastrointestinal complaints and flushing.     

地塞米松对家兔失血性休克-再灌注损伤的防治作用

目的：探讨地塞米松对失血性休克－再灌注损伤的防治作用。方法：制备家兔失血性休克模型,随机分为地塞米松保护组（Ⅱ组）和未用地塞米松对照组（Ⅰ组）,检测血浆和组织一氧化氮代谢产物（NOP）、丙二醛（MDA）含量及平均动脉压（MAP）。结果：休克前2组动物NOP、MDA及MAP间均无统计学差异。休克90分钟时2组动物NOP、MDA均明显升高,MAP均显著下降,再灌注后,Ⅱ组NOP及MDA均逐渐下降,再灌注3小时后接近休克前水平,但明显低于休克90分钟和Ⅰ组同时间点水平;Ⅱ组MAP逐渐上升,再灌注3小时后接近休克前水平,但明显高于休克90分钟和Ⅰ组同时间点水平。此外,Ⅱ组心、肺、肝、肾、肠道组织NOP及MDA含量均明显低于Ⅰ组。结论：地塞米松可降低一氧化氮及氧自由基水平,减轻脂质过氧化反应,对休克－再灌注损伤起良好的防护作用。     

Reduction of immunosuppression for transplant-associated skin cancer: expert consensus survey

BACKGROUND: Reduction of immunosuppression is considered a reasonable adjuvant therapeutic strategy in solid-organ transplant recipients experiencing multiple or high-risk skin cancers. However, the literature provides no guidance about what threshold of cancer development would warrant initiation of reduction of immunosuppression. OBJECTIVES: To develop expert consensus guidelines for initiation of reduction of transplant-associated immunosuppression for solid-organ transplant recipients with severe skin cancer. METHODS: An expert consensus panel was convened by the International Transplant Skin Cancer Collaborative and Skin Care for Organ Transplant Patients Europe Reduction of Immunosuppression Task Force. Thirteen hypothetical patient scenarios with graduated morbidity and mortality risks were presented and mean and mode expert opinions about appropriate level of reduction of systemic immunosuppression (mild, moderate, severe) were generated. RESULTS: Mild reduction of transplant-associated immunosuppression was considered warranted once multiple skin cancers per year developed or with individual high-risk skin cancers. Moderate reduction was considered appropriate when patients experienced > 25 skin cancers per year or for skin cancers with a 10% 3-year risk of mortality. Severe reduction was considered warranted only for life-threatening skin cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Reduction of immunosuppression is considered a reasonable adjuvant management strategy for transplant recipients with numerous or life-threatening skin cancers. Proposed guidelines are presented for the graduated reduction of immunosuppression coincident with the increasing skin cancer risks.     

缺氧诱导因子1α通过上调Snail促进HepG2肝癌细胞上皮-间充质化

目的上皮-间充质化（epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT）是实体瘤原发灶癌细胞获得转移能力的基础。缺氧诱导前列腺癌、肾癌、卵巢癌的EMT过程已得到证实,缺氧诱导因子1α（hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha,HIF-1α）在这些过程中发挥重要作用。但是HIF-1α和肝癌细胞EMT之间的关系目前并不清楚。本文探讨HIF-1α在肝癌EMT中的作用。方法利用可调控HIF-1α表达的肝癌HepG2Tet-on-HIF-1α细胞系,在排除缺氧其他反应干扰的情况下研究HIF-1α在肝癌细胞EMT过程中的作用和机制。结果过表达HIF-1α促进HepG2肝癌细胞EMT,下调HIF-1α表达可以抑制HepG2肝癌细胞EMT。HIF-1α促进EMT相关转录因子Snail的表达。结论 HIF-1α通过上调Snail来促进HepG2肝癌细胞EMT。     

不稳定性心绞痛患者血清hs-CRP、TnI、CK-MB的研究

目的探讨不稳定性心绞痛患者血清hs—CRP、TnI、CK—MB变化及测定的临床意义。方法利用乳胶增强免疫比浊法和电化学发光法，对154例健康人群、112例uA患者、68例SA患者检测其血清hs—CRP、TnI和CK—MB的水平。结果UA组hs-CRP、TnI、CK—MB水平明显高于SA组（P〈0．01），更远远高于健康组（P〈O．01），并且sA组此三项检测也明显高于健康组（P〈0．05），UA组和SA组及健康组存在显著差异。结论如果将hs—CRP、TnI、CK—MB联合检测，对冠心病的早期诊断，尤其是对不稳定性心绞痛的早期发现及危险性预测，具有重大的现实意义。     

子宫颈癌中医证型与TSP-1、VEGF-C表达的相关性

目的探讨子宫颈癌中医证型与血小板反应素1（thrombospondin 1,TSP-1）及血管生长因子C（vascular endothelial growth factor C,VEGF-C）表达的相关性。方法选择子宫颈癌患者100例进行中医辨证分型,宫颈正常者30例为对照组,采用免疫组织化学方法（SP法）检测这两种宫颈组织中TSP-1、VEGF-C的表达量及微血管的密度（microvessel density,MVD）。结果子宫颈癌各中医证型的分布规律为湿热瘀毒证〉肝郁化火证〉肝肾阴虚证〉脾肾阳虚证,各病理类型在各中医证型中的分布无统计学差异;与正常宫颈组织相比,子宫颈癌组织中VEGF-C表达量及MVD计数明显升高,TSP-1表达量则降低,随着中医证型由脾肾阳虚证、肝肾阴虚证、肝郁化火证、热毒蕴结证逐渐加重,VEGF-C阳性率及MVD计数呈增高趋势,TSP-1阳性率呈下降趋势,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。子宫颈癌组织中TSP-1、VEGF-C的表达与患者的年龄及病理类型无统计学差异。结论 TSP-1及VEGF-C的表达与各个中医证型具有一定相关性,TSP-1抑制宫颈癌血管的生成,VEGF-C则促进其生成、生长,两者共同参与子宫颈癌的血管生成。