隐性高血压病人中心动脉压及增强指数

目的探讨“隐性高血压”与中心动脉压及动脉硬化的关系。方法采用脉搏波分析仪记录89例临床诊断为血压正常(偶测血压<140/90 mm Hg)及75例高血压(偶测血压≥140/90 mm Hg或正在服用降压药物者)患者的桡动脉脉搏波,经计算机自动转换为相应的中心动脉脉搏波,并分析中心动脉压力及反映全身动脉硬化的增强指数(AIx)。结果小样本人群中,隐性高血压的患病率为15.7%。与血压正常(偶测血压<140/90 mm Hg及白昼动态血压<135/85 mm Hg)组相比,隐性高血压组的血浆总胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度、饮酒的比例显著增高;中心动脉收缩压、舒张压、收缩末期压及中心动脉增强压分别增加14.8 mm Hg(CI5.6~24.0 mm Hg)、9.1 mm Hg(CI3.1~15.1 mm Hg)、14.0mm Hg(CI5.8~22.2)及4.2(CI0.6~7.8 mm Hg),增强指数增加11.9%(CI2.8%~20.9%)。虽然隐性高血压组的偶测血压显著低于高血压组,经年龄、性别及身高调整后,两组的白昼动态血压、中心动脉收缩压、舒张压、增强压及增强指数均无显著差异。结论隐性高血压患者的中心动脉压力及增强指数升高,提示动脉顺应性下降,动脉硬化。这些血液动力学的改变可能增加心血管病危险,对其进行评价有助于偶测血压正常者的危险分层。     

普通窄带成像内镜对结直肠增生性息肉和腺瘤的鉴别诊断价值

目的 分析普通窄带成像(NBI)内镜下结直肠增生性息肉与腺瘤腺管及微血管特征的差异,评价NBI的鉴别诊断价值.方法 将普通内镜下诊断结直肠息肉、病理检查证实为增生性息肉或腺瘤者纳入研究并进行NBI内镜检查.将腺管形态参照改良的工藤分型法分为A型和B型.将微血管形态分为3型,无微血管判为Ⅰ型,微血管沿腺管开口排列、粗细均匀判为Ⅱ型,微血管粗细不均、排列紊乱判为Ⅲ型.比较增生性息肉和腺瘤NBI图像中腺管形态和微血管形态特征的差异,同时对无放大NBI图像观察者间的一致性进行评价.结果 共87例患者的107个息肉(腺瘤73个、增生性息肉34个)进行普通NBI内镜检查.腺瘤组息肉最大径和表面分叶者比例明显高于增生性息肉组(P值分别=0.0023和0.0047).腺瘤组中B型腺管形态[86.3％(63/73)]及Ⅱ或Ⅲ型微血管形态[82.2％(60/73)]者较多.以B型腺管形态、Ⅱ型或Ⅲ型微血管中任一特征诊断腺瘤的敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为97.3％、82.4％、92.5％.以B型腺管形态联合Ⅱ型或Ⅲ型微血管诊断腺瘤的敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为71.2％、91.2％、77.6％.观察者间一致性评价平均Kappa值为0.761.结论 普通NBI内镜下结直肠腺瘤和增生性息肉的微血管特征和腺管特征存在差异,依据以上两方面可在NBI内镜下实时初步鉴别腺瘤和增生性息肉.     

Molecular analysis of the Turkish form of deletion-inversion (δβ)° thalassaemia

Two unrelated (δβ)°-thalassaemia patients from Southern Turkey are presented. DNA studies indicated that both of them are homozygous for the Turkish type of (δβ)°-thalassaemia characterized by one large deletion of 11.5 kb including the δ and β globin genes at the 5' end and one small deletion of 1.6 kb at the 3' end, which are separated by an inverted 7.6 kb long DNA segment that includes L1 repetitive sequence. In the present study a PCR-based method was performed to produce a unique deletion-specific product and subjected to sequence analysis for the determination of the breakpoint. DNA polymorphisms in the β-globin gene cluster of deletion-inversion type of (δβ)°-thalassaemia, IVS-I-6 and β-39 globin genes were examined. Analysis of sequence variations in regulatory regions including the 5' hypersensitive site-2 of the locus control region (LCR), the δ, ^Gγ and ^Aγ 5' flanking regions and the second intervening sequence (IVS-II) of ^Aγ and ^Gγ genes indicated the presence of close similarities between the chromosome carrying the Turkish form of deletion-inversion δβ)°-thalassaemia and the chromosome associated with β-39 nonsense mutation in haplotype II. These two chromosomes are characterized by the presence of a 4 base pair deletion in the ^Aγ^T globin gene promoter. A C → T alteration at position −199 5' to the δ gene was also found to be associated with the Turkish type of (δβ)°-thalassaemia and β-39 chromosome.     

老年缺血性脑血管病血瘀证患者的红细胞变形性及一氧化氮水平的检测及其意义

目的 :探讨老年缺血性脑血管病血瘀证患者的红细胞变形性及一氧化氮 ( NO)水平的变化。方法 :检测 5 5例老年缺血性脑血管病血瘀证患者的红细胞变形指数和 NO的水平。其中短暂性脑缺血发作 ( TIA) 2 5例 ,脑梗死 3 0例 ;另设 2 6例正常对照组作对比观察。结果 :血瘀证 TIA患者红细胞变形指数 ( 0 .4 67± 0 .14 5 )显著低于正常对照组 ( 0 .5 0 8± 0 .14 1) ,P<0 .0 5 ,脑梗死患者红细胞变形指数 ( 0 .4 43± 0 .15 6)降低更为明显( P<0 .0 1) ;NO水平 ,TIA患者与正常对照组比较无显著性差异 ( 79.10± 15 .3 7比 76.70± 17.10 ) ,而脑梗死患者 ( 88.5 0± 13 .68)显著升高。结论 :红细胞变形性改变及 NO水平升高在一定程度上均参与了老年缺血性脑血管病血瘀证的发生发展     

经皮肾镜取石术的研究现状及并发症防治策略

回顾分析了近几年有关经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)的文献,对其在通道大小,体位摆置,定位方法,碎石方式等方面不同选择的优劣进行了总结和评价,同时从导致PCNL并发症的原因出发,探讨其防治策略的有效性。