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ObjectiveThe aim was to compare coronary high-definition CT (HDCT) with standard-definition CT (SDCT) angiography as to radiation dose, image quality and accuracy.ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of measured vessel attenuation values in SDCT between the two radiologists was exceedingly good. The ICC was higher in HDCT. The radiation dose of HDCT was higher than that of SDCT. The mean tube current was 180 (mA) in HDCT and 147(mA) in SDCT with the same tube voltage (kVp). There was no significant difference between image quality.ConclusionHDCT has a higher radiation dose but has much more atenuation and the spatial resolution which improve measurement accuracy for imaging coronary arteries.  相似文献   
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Sucrose-free milk chocolates containing different types of bulk (isomalt, xylitol and maltitol) and high intensity (Stevia) sweeteners were produced by using a ball mill. The main quality characteristics of the formulated chocolates were evaluated and compared with those of the conventional sample containing sucrose. The Casson model was the best fitting model for the rheological data. Casson viscosity and Casson yield stress were significantly affected by the type of bulking agent in chocolates formulated with xylitol (p < 0.05). However xylitol notably improved the overall acceptability according to the sensory analysis results. Chocolates containing the sucrose replacers demonstrated lower Tonset values and higher enthalpy than the control sample. Sucrose-free chocolates illustrated a higher degree of particle agglomeration. Bulk sweeteners meanwhile seem to have high potential for milk chocolate production with low calorie values by using the ball mill technique. Industrial applications: the production of sucrose-free chocolates with conventional methods requires a lot of time and energy. Recently, using alternative methods for chocolate production has been raising interest in many small industries. This study proposed a ball mill method for the preparation of sucrose-free milk chocolates with physiochemical properties almost ranging in the standard limit defined for chocolate. Although using the ball mill method presents a more cost-effective technique for chocolate production and provides shorter processing times for small chocolate industries, it seems to be less efficient in evaporating moisture than the conventional processing. Challenges are still ahead for upgrading this alternative technique to be efficient in evaporating more moisture during operation ending in a high quality product.

Sucrose-free milk chocolates containing different types of bulk (isomalt, xylitol and maltitol) and high intensity (Stevia) sweeteners were produced by using a ball mill.  相似文献   
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Background

Gouty arthritis (GA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis in which both clinical and subclinical atherosclerosis are more frequent. The dynamic equilibrium between coagulation and fibrinolysis is impaired in inflammatory diseases. We determined TFPI and TAFI antigen levels in GA patients and evaluated their association with subclinical atherosclerosis.

Methods

We included 45 GA patients (41 males, 4 females; mean age: 51.6 years) and 25 asymptomatic hyperuricemic (AHU) subjects (19 males, 6 females; mean age: 48.1 years). Cardiovascular risk factors were determined. TAFI and TFPI levels were determined by ELISA. B-mode ultrasonography was used to detect subclinical atherosclerosis.

Results

Cardiovascular risk factors were similar in both groups. The carotid IMT was significantly higher in GA group than in AHU group (0.74 ± 0.23 mm vs. 0.61 ± 0.13 mm, p = 0.009). TFPI level was significantly higher in GA group than in AHU group (86.2 ± 48.9 ng/mL vs. 25.8 ± 21.4 ng/mL, p < 0.001); TAFI antigen was significantly higher in AHU group (22.6 ± 3.6 ng/mL vs. 25.7 ± 5.3 ng/mL, p = 0.006) than in GA patients. Atherosclerotic plaque formation was more frequent in GA group (p = 0.041). When GA patients with and without plaques were compared, the first group had significantly higher mean age (p = 0.01) and TFPI level (p = 0.028). TFPI level correlated with carotid IMT (r = 0.302; p = 0.028). Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR: 1.236, 95%CI: 1.059-1.443, p = 0.007) and TFPI (OR: 1.031, 95%CI: 1.008-1.054, p = 0.008) were independent risk factors for the presence of plaques.

Conclusions

GA patients had more frequent subclinical atherosclerosis than subjects with AHU. Higher TFPI levels in GA patients –probably associated with enhanced endothelial damage- were related to subclinical atherosclerosis. Lower TAFI levels in GA pointed to impaired fibrinolysis.  相似文献   
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