全文获取类型
收费全文 | 17424篇 |
免费 | 1367篇 |
国内免费 | 76篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 165篇 |
儿科学 | 324篇 |
妇产科学 | 224篇 |
基础医学 | 2387篇 |
口腔科学 | 477篇 |
临床医学 | 1812篇 |
内科学 | 3519篇 |
皮肤病学 | 260篇 |
神经病学 | 1685篇 |
特种医学 | 1041篇 |
外科学 | 2675篇 |
综合类 | 198篇 |
一般理论 | 16篇 |
预防医学 | 1161篇 |
眼科学 | 511篇 |
药学 | 1052篇 |
中国医学 | 18篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1342篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 130篇 |
2022年 | 240篇 |
2021年 | 511篇 |
2020年 | 303篇 |
2019年 | 403篇 |
2018年 | 459篇 |
2017年 | 346篇 |
2016年 | 392篇 |
2015年 | 503篇 |
2014年 | 675篇 |
2013年 | 807篇 |
2012年 | 1322篇 |
2011年 | 1343篇 |
2010年 | 776篇 |
2009年 | 747篇 |
2008年 | 1128篇 |
2007年 | 1186篇 |
2006年 | 1023篇 |
2005年 | 959篇 |
2004年 | 900篇 |
2003年 | 797篇 |
2002年 | 650篇 |
2001年 | 291篇 |
2000年 | 271篇 |
1999年 | 227篇 |
1998年 | 146篇 |
1997年 | 113篇 |
1996年 | 87篇 |
1995年 | 71篇 |
1994年 | 61篇 |
1993年 | 63篇 |
1992年 | 114篇 |
1991年 | 117篇 |
1990年 | 106篇 |
1989年 | 88篇 |
1988年 | 89篇 |
1987年 | 95篇 |
1986年 | 69篇 |
1985年 | 81篇 |
1984年 | 93篇 |
1983年 | 60篇 |
1982年 | 63篇 |
1981年 | 48篇 |
1980年 | 47篇 |
1979年 | 90篇 |
1978年 | 61篇 |
1977年 | 60篇 |
1976年 | 49篇 |
1973年 | 47篇 |
1969年 | 45篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Kepley CL Andrews RP Brown DC Chigaev A Sklar LA Oliver JM Larson RS 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》2002,110(3):469-475
BACKGROUND: Although soluble mediators released by basophils in tissue sites contribute to the chronic injury that occurs in hypersensitivity diseases, only limited information is available about how circulating basophils are recruited to tissues. In particular, the interaction of basophils with endothelium under conditions that mimic physiologic flow has not been explored. OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify adhesion molecules regulating the attachment of human basophils to IL-4-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under flow conditions. METHODS: A parallel-plate flow chamber and blocking mAbs were used to define the adhesion molecules involved in the interactions of peripheral blood basophils (PBBs) and cord blood-derived basophils (CBDBs) with IL-4-activated HUVECs and with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell transfectants expressing specific adhesion molecules. A fluorescent ligand specific for very late antigen 4 (VLA-4) was used to directly examine the VLA-4 affinity state of basophils. RESULTS: Flowing PBBs and CBDBs attached to activated HUVECs and to CHO cells expressing P- or E-selectin. However, only CBDBs attached to vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1)-transfected CHO cells under flow conditions. The attachment of CBDBs to CHO cells was blocked by mAbs directed against E-selectin, P-selectin, and VCAM-1, whereas attachment of PBBs was blocked by E-selectin and P-selectin mAbs. Activating VLA-4 with Mn(2+) on PBBs resulted in adhesion to the VCAM-1-transfected CHO cells, indicating that VLA-4 activity on PBBs can be regulated, at least in part, through affinity changes. The Mn(2+)-induced upregulation of basophil VLA-4 affinity was demonstrated directly by using a fluorescent ligand for VLA-4 and flow cytometry. CONCLUSIONS: The interaction of human CBDBs and PBBs with endothelium under flow conditions is mediated in part by both P- and E-selectin. VLA-4 additionally contributes to the adhesion of flowing CBDBs. However, the affinity of VLA-4 is too low to support the adhesion under flow conditions of unstimulated PBBs. 相似文献
82.
Diane G. Oliver Ann H. Sanders R. Douglas Hogg Judith Woods Hellman 《Journal of immunological methods》1981,42(2):195-201
Temperature studies of microtitration plates demonstrate that the use of a common bacteriology incubator for heating the plates can cause a phase lag of over 30 min for the fluid in the wells to reach 37°C from ambient temperature, and that a temperature gradient of as much as 1.6°C can exist between the peripheral and center wells. This gradient is a cause of the ‘rim’ or edge effect noted in enzyme immunoassay using microtitration plates. The problem is corrected by the use of a specially designed forced air microtitration plate incubator. 相似文献
83.
84.
Tadech Boonpiyathad Willem van de Veen Oliver Wirz Milena Sokolowska Beate Rückert Ge Tan Atik Sangasapaviliya Panitan Pradubpongsa Rattanaporn Fuengthong Pattarawat Thantiworasit Sunee Sirivichayakul Kiat Ruxrungtham Cezmi A. Akdis Mübeccel Akdis 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》2019,143(3):1077-1086.e10
85.
Feisst C Albert D Verotta L Werz O 《Medicinal chemistry (Shāriqah (United Arab Emirates))》2005,1(3):287-291
The acylphloroglucinol hyperforin, a constituent of the herb Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort), was recently identified as potent and direct inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of proinflammatory leukotrienes. In this study, naturally occurring analogues of hyperforin, isolated from H. perforatum, as well as a series of synthetic derivatives obtained by chemical modification of hyperforin by acylation, alkylation or oxidation, were analysed for the inhibition of 5-LO. The efficacies of these compounds were evaluated in intact human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but also the inhibitory effects on isolated recombinant human 5-LO were investigated. Our data show that some of the oxidised hyperforin derivatives possess even improved efficacy, whereas alkylation and acylation have detrimental effects. 相似文献
86.
Kaindl AM Jakubiczka S Lücke T Bartsch O Weis J Stoltenburg-Didinger G Aksu F Oexle K Koehler K Huebner A 《Human mutation》2005,26(3):279-280
Microdeletion syndromes are commonly transmitted as dominant traits and are frequently associated with variably expressed pleiotropic phenotypes. Nonlethal homozygous microdeletions, on the other hand, are very rare. Here, we delineate the fifth and so far largest homozygous microdeletion in nonmalignancies of approximately 400 kb on chromosome 4q11-q12 in a large consanguineous East-Anatolian family with six affected patients. The deleted region contains the beta-sarcoglycan gene (SGCB), the predicted gene SPATA18 (spermatogenesis associated 18 homolog) and several expressed sequence tags. Patients presented with a severe and progressive Duchenne-like muscular dystrophy phenotype, a combination of hyperlaxity and joint contractures, chest pain, palpitations, and dyspnea. 相似文献
87.
Paul Kruszka Tommy Hu Sungkook Hong Rebecca Signer Benjamin Cogné Betrand Isidor Sarah E. Mazzola Jacques C. Giltay Koen L. I. van Gassen Eleina M. England Lynn Pais Charlotte W. Ockeloen Pedro A. Sanchez‐Lara Esther Kinning Darius J. Adams Kayla Treat Wilfredo Torres‐Martinez Maria F. Bedeschi Maria Iascone Stephanie Blaney Oliver Bell Tiong Y. Tan Marie‐Ange Delrue Julie Jurgens Brenda J. Barry Elizabeth C. Engle Sarah K. Savage Nicole Fleischer Julian A. Martinez‐Agosto Kym Boycott Elaine H. Zackai Maximilian Muenke 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》2019,179(10):2075-2082
Zinc finger protein 462 (ZNF462) is a relatively newly discovered vertebrate specific protein with known critical roles in embryonic development in animal models. Two case reports and a case series study have described the phenotype of 10 individuals with ZNF462 loss of function variants. Herein, we present 14 new individuals with loss of function variants to the previous studies to delineate the syndrome of loss of function in ZNF462. Collectively, these 24 individuals present with recurring phenotypes that define a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome. Most have some form of developmental delay (79%) and a minority has autism spectrum disorder (33%). Characteristic facial features include ptosis (83%), down slanting palpebral fissures (58%), exaggerated Cupid's bow/wide philtrum (54%), and arched eyebrows (50%). Metopic ridging or craniosynostosis was found in a third of study participants and feeding problems in half. Other phenotype characteristics include dysgenesis of the corpus callosum in 25% of individuals, hypotonia in half, and structural heart defects in 21%. Using facial analysis technology, a computer algorithm applying deep learning was able to accurately differentiate individuals with ZNF462 loss of function variants from individuals with Noonan syndrome and healthy controls. In summary, we describe a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome associated with haploinsufficiency of ZNF462 that has distinct clinical characteristics and facial features. 相似文献
88.
Previous studies in our laboratory, as well as clinical evidence, have suggested that increased iron levels in the host may be important in infections caused by the halophilic pathogen Vibrio vulnificus. To study iron acquisition, we induced siderophore production by growth in a low-iron medium, and biochemical testing indicated the production of both hydroxamate- and phenolate-type siderophores. The siderophores were extracted from growth filtrates with ethyl acetate (for phenolates) and phenol-chloroform-ether (for hydroxamates). These extracts enhanced the growth of V. vulnificus when the bacterium was grown in iron-limited medium. The ability of these siderophores to stimulate the growth of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 enb-7 (a mutant deficient in the biosynthesis of enterochelin) and Arthrobacter flavescens JG-9 (a hydroxamate auxotroph) supported the conclusion that V. vulnificus produces both hydroxamate- and phenolate-type siderophores. 相似文献
89.
Performance of a commercial, type-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of herpes simplex virus type 2-specific antibodies in Ugandans
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of clinical microbiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Laeyendecker O Henson C Gray RH Nguyen RH Horne BJ Wawer MJ Serwadda D Kiwanuka N Morrow RA Hogrefe W Quinn TC 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2004,42(4):1794-1796
Two hundred forty-eight human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and 496 HIV-negative subjects in Uganda were tested by HerpeSelect herpes simplex virus type 2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting to optimize the ELISA for use in this population. A higher index cutoff value was required for optimal sensitivity and specificity, and overall performance of the assay was not affected by HIV status. 相似文献
90.
Characterization of clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from 19 laboratories using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards extended-spectrum beta-lactamase detection methods 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of clinical microbiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Steward CD Rasheed JK Hubert SK Biddle JW Raney PM Anderson GJ Williams PP Brittain KL Oliver A McGowan JE Tenover FC 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2001,39(8):2864-2872
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes found in gram-negative bacilli that mediate resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. In 1999, the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) published methods for screening and confirming the presence of ESBLs in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Escherichia coli. To evaluate the confirmation protocol, we tested 139 isolates of K. pneumoniae that were sent to Project ICARE (Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology) from 19 hospitals in 11 U.S. states. Each isolate met the NCCLS screening criteria for potential ESBL producers (ceftazidime [CAZ] or cefotaxime [CTX] MICs were > or =2 microg/ml for all isolates). Initially, 117 (84%) isolates demonstrated a clavulanic acid (CA) effect by disk diffusion (i.e., an increase in CAZ or CTX zone diameters of > or =5 mm in the presence of CA), and 114 (82%) demonstrated a CA effect by broth microdilution (reduction of CAZ or CTX MICs by > or =3 dilutions). For five isolates, a CA effect could not be determined initially by broth microdilution because of off-scale CAZ results. However, a CA effect was observed in two of these isolates by testing cefepime and cefepime plus CA. The cefoxitin MICs for 23 isolates that failed to show a CA effect by broth microdilution were > or =32 microg/ml, suggesting either the presence of an AmpC-type beta-lactamase or porin changes that could mask a CA effect. By isoelectric focusing (IEF), 7 of the 23 isolates contained a beta-lactamase with a pI of > or =8.3 suggestive of an AmpC-type beta-lactamase; 6 of the 7 isolates were shown by PCR to contain both ampC-type and bla(OXA) genes. The IEF profiles of the remaining 16 isolates showed a variety of beta-lactamase bands, all of which had pIs of < or =7.5. All 16 isolates were negative by PCR with multiple primer sets for ampC-type, bla(OXA), and bla(CTX-M) genes. In summary, 83.5% of the K. pneumoniae isolates that were identified initially as presumptive ESBL producers were positive for a CA effect, while 5.0% contained beta-lactamases that likely masked the CA effect. The remaining 11.5% of the isolates studied contained beta-lactamases that did not demonstrate a CA effect. An algorithm based on phenotypic analyses is suggested for evaluation of such isolates. 相似文献