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11.
BACKGROUND: Adjustable gastric banding is a popular bariatric operation in Europe. About 1500 patients per year undergo a such procedures in Germany. Clinical data on the rate of long-term complications such as pouch dilatation, slippage, and band migration are available in only a few long-term studies with small numbers of patients. Meta-analyses report on comordities and reduction in weight. The rate and management of long-term complications were examined at this inquiry. METHODS: Ninety hospitals were asked about rates of band implantation, follow-up, and complications. Thirty-eight hospitals (42.2%) participated in the study. The management of complications including slippage, pouch dilatation, and band migration was analyzed. RESULTS: At 35 hospitals, 4138 patients underwent gastric banding procedures in 25 hospitals over more than 5 years. The mean follow-up rate is presently 85.3%. Long-term complications were described in 8.6% of the patients. Pouch dilatation occurred in 5.0%, slippage in 2.6%, and band migration in 1.0%. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding can effectively achieve weight loss. However, band-related and functional complications influence late outcome. The rate of long-term complications was equivalent to that already in the literature. 相似文献
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Jones DL Weiss SM Chitalu N Villar O Kumar M Bwalya V Mumbi M 《American journal of infectious diseases》2007,3(4):169-176
An estimated 38.6 million persons globally are living with HIV, of whom over 1.1 million reside in Zambia. Of the 2 million cases in the US, 64% of new cases among women are among African Americans. Alcohol and drug use represents a significant risk factor for HIV transmission among both Zambians and African Americans. In addition, gender dynamics in both the US and Zambia promote transmission. This study examines two interventions targeting HIV risk behavior among HIV positive substance users, women in Miami, USA (the New Opportunities for Women (NOW) Project) and men in Lusaka, Zambia (the Partner Project). The study compares the efficacy of these two culturally tailored sexual behavior interventions provided in group and individual session formats. US and Zambian participants increased sexual barrier use and reduced substance-related sexual risk. Comparatively greater gains were made by higher risk Zambian males than US females in both group and individual conditions. Among lower risk participants, women in the group condition achieved and sustained the greatest comparative risk reductions. Results suggest that cost effective group HIV transmission risk reduction interventions for multiethnic individuals can be successfully implemented among both female and male drug and alcohol users in multinational settings. 相似文献
15.
Effect of olanzapine treatment on platelet glutamine synthetase-like protein and glutamate dehydrogenase immunoreactivity in schizophrenia. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gulnur Sh Burbaeva Irina S Boksha Elena B Tereshkina Olga K Savushkina Marina S Turishcheva Lubov I Starodubtseva Oleg S Brusov Margarita A Morozova 《The world journal of biological psychiatry》2006,7(2):75-81
According to contemporary views, the glutamatergic system is implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and atypical neuroleptics exert their effects (at least partially) through the glutamatergic system. Immunoreactive glutamate-metabolising enzymes, such as glutamine synthetase-like protein (GSLP) and two glutamate dehydrogenase isoenzymes (GDH), have been discovered in human platelets. The amount of GSLP in the platelets of 40 chronic patients with schizophrenia was found to be significantly higher than in 33 controls (consistent with our previous finding of increased amounts of GSLP in the prefrontal cortex of chronic schizophrenia patients). Moreover, survival analysis of the group of patients treated with olanzapine for 28 weeks showed that the larger amount of GSLP measured in platelets before treatment, the shorter the treatment time needed to achieve a positive clinical response (defined a priori as > or = 20% reduction in PANSS total score from the initial level before the treatment). Hence, GSLP level may serve as a predictor of the treatment duration to achieve a positive outcome with olanzapine. Both GSLP and GDH were found significantly changed in the course of treatment; hence, treatment with olanzapine influences the amounts of glutamate-metabolising enzymes in the platelets of chronic schizophrenia patients. 相似文献
16.
Peter Lavrenko Natalia Yevlampieva Olga Okatova Galina Kolbina Michael Olbrich 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》1997,198(11):3581-3598
Comb-like poly(methylsiloxane) macromolecules P4, P6, and P11, with side groups consisting of “phenyl benzoate” moieties and different alkyl spacers (from 4 to 11 C-atoms) between the backbone and the mesogenic side groups have been synthesized and investigated as well as low-molar-mass compounds M4, M6, and M11, as model molecules analogous to side chains of the macromolecule. The liquid-crystalline phase transition temperatures have been determined. Mobility of the mesogens and the macromolecule as a whole in dilute solution was studied in external fields (electric and mechanical shear field). In dilute solution under the influence of a sinusoidal electric field, the polymer behaviour is typical of flexible-chain polymer molecules where each mesogenic unit is oriented independently of the other ones. This is in contrast to the effect observed in a mechanical shear flow field. The Maxwell constant in positive for the solutions of compounds M4, M6, M11 and negative in polymers P4, P6, P11. This indicates the orientation of the macromolecule as a whole in the shear flow field, the mesogenic group main axis being oriented in the direction preferably normal to the macromolecular axis of primary polarizability. Temperature effects are also discussed. 相似文献
17.
Anna I. Suvorova Lyudmila Yu. Demchik Aza L. Peshekhonova Olga A. Sdobnikova 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》1993,194(5):1315-1321
The phase equilibrium of plasticized polymer systems on the basis of cellulose diacetate and ethylene glycol esters of dibasic aliphatic acids (from oxalic acid to 1,10-decanedicarboxylic acid) was studied and the solubility parameters and the thermodynamic interaction parameters of the components were calculated. It is shown that an increase in molecular weight of the plasticizers leads to a lower miscibility of the components, a fact which is reflected in a regular rise of the upper critical solution temperature (UCST), a tendency of the systems for gelation, a decrease of the solubility parameter of the plasticizer δ1, and a growth of the interaction parameters χH and χ12. The results are discussed in terms of the existing theories for polymer solutions. 相似文献
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Sofya N Pchelina Andrei F Yakimovskii Olga N Ivanova Anton K Emelianov Andrei H Zakharchuk Alexander L Schwarzman 《Movement disorders》2006,21(12):2234-2236
Among mutations associated with autosomal dominant and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) the G2019S substitution in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene is the most frequently identified. To estimate its frequency in Russia, we analyzed 208 patients with PD from the Northwestern region of Russia. Of these, 51 patients were probands from families with PD compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance. The control group represented 161 subjects without neurological disorders settled in the same region. The frequency of the G2019S mutation was greater in familial PD (2 [3.9%] of 51) than in sporadic PD (1 [0.6%] of 157). In addition, this mutation was found in the proband's father, who also had PD, in 1 PD family, and in 1 carrier without signs of PD at age 40 in another PD family. All carriers were heterozygous for the G2019S mutation and reported the Ashkenazi Jewish origin. The mutation was not found in the control group. 相似文献
20.
Tomáš Šimůnek Martin Štěrba Olga Popelová Michaela Adamcová Radomír Hrdina Vladimír Geršl 《Pharmacological reports : PR》2009,61(1):154-171
The risk of cardiotoxicity is the most serious drawback to the clinical usefulness of anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotics, which include doxorubicin (adriamycin), daunorubicin or epirubicin. Nevertheless, these compounds remain among the most widely used anticancer drugs. The molecular pathogenesis of anthracycline cardiotoxicity remains highly controversial, although the oxidative stress-based hypothesis involving intramyocardial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has gained the widest acceptance. Anthracyclines may promote the formation of ROS through redox cycling of their aglycones as well as their anthracycline-iron complexes. This proposed mechanism has become particularly popular in light of the high cardioprotective efficacy of dexrazoxane (ICRF-187). The mechanism of action of this drug has been attributed to its hydrolytic transformation into the iron-chelating metabolite ADR-925, which may act by displacing iron from anthracycline-iron complexes or by chelating free or loosely bound cellular iron, thus preventing site-specific iron-catalyzed ROS damage. However, during the last decade, calls for the critical reassessment of this “ROS and iron” hypothesis have emerged. Numerous antioxidants, although efficient in cellular or acute animal experiments, have failed to alleviate anthracycline cardiotoxicity in clinically relevant chronic animal models or clinical trials. In addition, studies with chelators that are stronger and more selective for iron than ADR-925 have also yielded negative or, at best, mixed outcomes. Hence, several lines of evidence suggest that mechanisms other than the traditionally emphasized “ROS and iron” hypothesis are involved in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and that these alternative mechanisms may be better bases for designing approaches to achieve efficient and safe cardioprotection. 相似文献