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41.
Background
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) serve a sentinel role allowing the host to efficiently sense and adapt to the presence of danger signals. Herein we have directly compared the genome-level expression patterns (microarray) of a human PBMC model (THP-1 cells) subjected to one of two canonical danger signals, heat shock or lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Results and Discussion
Based on sequential expression and statistical filters, and in comparison to control cells, we found that 3,988 genes were differentially regulated in THP-1 cells subjected to LPS stress, and 2,921 genes were differentially regulated in THP-1 cells subjected to heat shock stress. Venn analyses demonstrated that the majority of differentially regulated genes (≥ 70%) were uniquely expressed in response to one of the two danger signals. Functional analyses demonstrated that the two danger signals induced expression or repression of genes corresponding to unique pathways, molecular functions, biological processes, and gene networks. In contrast, there were 184 genes that were commonly upregulated by both stress signals, and 430 genes that were commonly downregulated by both stress signals. Interestingly, the 184 commonly upregulated genes corresponded to a gene network broadly related to inflammation, and more specifically to chemokine signaling.Conclusion
These data demonstrate that the mononuclear cell responses to the canonical stress signals, heat shock and LPS, are highly divergent. However, there is a heretofore unrecognized common pattern of gene network expression corresponding to chemokine-related biology. The data also serve as a reference database for investigators in the field of stress signaling. 相似文献42.
Background
Medical intelligence of disease vectors deals with understanding vector distribution and control.Methods
An entomological baseline survey using standard vector sampling techniques was done as a pilot study to map the vectors of defence importance in two cantonments of Pune with a view to establish a vector databank and impart training to armed forces personnel in vector surveillance.Result
The project trained 142 armed forces personnel in surveillance techniques in three years. Seventeen species of mosquitoes comprising of eight vector species were collected. Three other vectors viz. Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Xenopsylla cheopis and Leptotrombidium deliense are reported.Conclusion
The study emphasizes the need for vector mapping /surveillance in each area for preventing morbidity and mortality amongst troops. It also focuses on indigenous fabrication of vector sampling tools and training of personnel for capacity building which in turn will enable such surveys to be undertaken in other units and deployment areas.Key Words: Leptotrombidium, Mosquitoes, Rhipicephalus, Surveillance, Xenopsylla 相似文献43.
44.
Needle biopsy of renal allografts: comparison of two techniques 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Bogan ML; Kopecky KK; Kraft JL; Holladay AO; Filo RS; Leapman SB; Thomalla JV 《Radiology》1990,174(1):273-275
Two techniques for renal allograft biopsy were retrospectively evaluated to compare relative safety and efficacy. After ultrasound (US) localization of the kidney and biopsy with a hand-held 14-gauge cutting needle, an adequate specimen was obtained in 74 of 77 cases (96%). Major complications occurred in six of these 77 cases (8%). One hundred four biopsies were performed by using a smaller 18-gauge cutting needle with a spring-loaded biopsy "gun" and real-time US guidance. With this newer technique, specimens adequate for diagnosis were obtained in 99 biopsies (95%). There was a single major complication with this technique (1%). The 18-gauge needle with real-time US guidance yields comparably adequate specimens with a lower frequency of complications. 相似文献
45.
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47.
Mutations in the Ca(2+)-sensing receptor gene cause autosomal dominant and sporadic hypoparathyroidism 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Baron J; Winer KK; Yanovski JA; Cunningham AW; Laue L; Zimmerman D; Cutler GB Jr 《Human molecular genetics》1996,5(5):601-606
Parathyroid hormone secretion is negatively regulated by a 7- transmembrane
domain, G-protein coupled Ca(2+)-sensing receptor. We hypothesized that
activating mutations in this receptor might cause autosomal dominant
hypoparathyroidism (ADHP). Consistent with this hypothesis, we identified,
in two families with ADHP, heterozygous missense mutations in the
Ca(2+)-sensing receptor gene that cosegregated with the disorder. None of
50 normal controls had either mutation. We also identified a de novo,
missense Ca(2+)-sensing receptor mutation in a child with severe sporadic
hypoparathyroidism. The amino acid substitution in one ADHP family affected
the N-terminal, extracellular domain of the receptor. The other mutations
involved the transmembrane region. Unlike patients with acquired
hypoparathyroidism, patients with these mutations had hypercalciuria even
at low serum calcium concentrations. Their greater hypercalciuria
presumably reflected activation of Ca(2+)-sensing receptors in kidney
cells, where the receptor negatively regulates calcium reabsorption. This
augmented hypercalciuria increases the risk of renal complications and thus
has implications for the choice of therapy.
相似文献
48.
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50.
Anna-Kaisa Eerola Henni Ruokolainen Ylermi Soini Hannu Raunio Paavo PÄÄKKÖ 《Pathology oncology research : POR》1999,5(3):179-186
In order to test the hypothesis that increased apoptotic activity is connected with neuroendocrine differentiation and low
differentiation degree in large cell carcinoma (LCLC) and is regulated by bcl-2 family proteins, we analysed the extent of
apoptosis and tumor necrosis and their relation to the expression of bcl-2, bax, bak and mcl-1 in 35 LCLCs, of which 20 were
classified as large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinomas (LCNEC) and 15 as large cell non-neuroendocrine lung carcinomas (LCNNEC).
The extent of apoptosis was determined by detecting and counting the relative and absolute numbers of apoptotic cells and
bodies using in situ 3′-end labelling of the apoptotic DNA. The extent and intensity of expression of the bcl-2, bax, bak
and mcl-1 proteins were studied by immunohistochemistry. Also the relative volume density of necrosis was evaluated and correlated
with the other parameters. Finally, all the parameters were evaluated as prognostic markers and correlated with data on the
survival of the patients. Relatively high apoptotic indices were seen in both tumor types (average for both 2.53%, range 0.09–27.01%).
Significantly higher bcl-2 and bak indices were detected more often in LCNECs than in LCNNECs. Immunohistochemically detected
bax, bcl-2 and bak expression was independent of apoptotic index in both tumor types, while there was a statistically significant
positive association between mcl-1 expression and apoptotic index in LCNNEC but not in LCNEC. There was a statistically significant
association between high apoptotic index and shortened survival in LCLC. However, no association was found between tumor stage
and apoptosis. The patients with LCNEC and low bcl-2 protein expression had a significantly shorter survival time than those
with high bcl-2 indices. There was also a clear association between shortened survival and necrotic LCNNEC. LCLCs show relatively
high apoptotic activity, which is associated with shortened survival. The expression of bcl-2, bak and mcl-1 is associated
with neuroendocrine differentiation in LCLC. Finally, our results support some previous reports suggesting that bcl-2 expression
in combination with some other markers involved in apoptosis and/or proliferation may be of prognostic value in cases of lung
carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. 179-186, 1999) 相似文献