增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变多次手术临床分析

目的：探讨增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体切割术后多次手术的原因及处理。方法：回顾性分析3a来因增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变行玻璃体切割术后需要再次手术的患者。结果：患者189眼术后需要再次进行手术的为24例26眼（占总观察眼数13.8%）。分别是：玻璃体再积血3眼,前房积血1眼,视网膜脱离11眼（占总观察眼数5.8%,占再手术眼42.3%,其中3眼合并新生血管性青光眼）,白内障6眼（占总观察眼数3.2%）,单纯硅油取出5眼。189眼中有6眼发生了新生血管性青光眼（3.2%）,6眼均为玻璃体晶状体联合手术或玻璃体切割术后又摘除白内障病例。2次手术19眼,3次或以上手术7眼（其中5眼合并视网膜脱离）。结论：发生视网膜脱离是糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体切割术后需要多次手术的主要原因;也占据需要3次或以上手术的主要部分。新生血管性青光眼的发生值得重视,出现视网膜脱离时要提高警惕,需要摘除晶状体时必须慎重。     

去卵巢对大鼠泪腺中IL-17A等炎症因子表达的影响

目的建立去卵巢大鼠模型,观察性激素水平改变对泪腺中IL-17A以及IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α等炎症因子表达的影响。方法实验研究。健康雌性SD大鼠20只随机分为2组,实验组（10只）摘除大鼠双侧卵巢,对照组（10只）为未摘除卵巢的模拟手术组。术前及术后第1个月、第2个月、第3个月时2组均行泪液分泌试验（SIT）、角膜荧光染色检查进行眼表评估。于第3个月时放射免疫分析法分别检测2组大鼠血清雌二醇、睾酮含量,HE染色观察泪腺上皮细胞形态,免疫组化染色法、Western Blot法检测2组泪腺中IL-17A、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的表达。2组性激素质量浓度比较、炎症因子A值表达比较均应用独立样本t检验。2组各时间点的SIT结果比较采用重复测量资料两因素方差分析。结果实验组大鼠去卵巢后第3个月时,体内雌二醇浓度低于对照组（t=-35.37,P<0.01）,睾酮浓度低于对照组（t=-12.13,P<0.01）。2组各时期SIT检查未见泪液分泌减少、均未见角膜荧光染色。HE染色见实验组泪腺腺泡萎缩,排列紊乱,胞质内酶原颗粒明显减少。泪腺IL-17A表达量2组比较实验组高于对照组（免疫组化法：t=7.56,P<0.01;Western Blot法：t=20.90,P<0.01）。余各因子表达量实验组也均高于对照组（免疫组化法：IL-1β：t=13.71,P<0.01;IL-6：t=13.92,P<0.01;TNF-α：t=6.11,P<0.01。Western Blot法：IL-1β：t=16.93,P<0.01;IL-6：t=12.46,P<0.01;TNF-α：t=14.47,P<0.01）。结论大鼠去卵巢3个月时性激素水平降低,未见明显眼表损害。但泪腺中炎症因子IL-17A、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的表达增加。     

人突变Lumican基因转基因小鼠屈光变化特点

目的：探讨人突变Lumican基因转基因小鼠生后不同时间屈光状态及其变化特征。方法实验研究。54只（雄性27只,雌性27只）人突变Lumican基因（cDNA 596T>C）转基因小鼠,于生后3、4、5、6、8、10、12、16、20周共9个时间点分别通过随机数字表法随机选取6只（雄性3只,雌性3只）转基因小鼠,快速散大瞳孔后检影验光测量屈光度数。对比相同时间点转基因小鼠双眼间及雌雄性别间的屈光度数,采用配对t检验;不同时间点转基因小鼠屈光度数的比较采用非参数多个独立样本Kruskal?Wallis H检验,两两组间屈光度数比较采用非参数两个独立样本Mann?Whitney U检验。结果同周龄组转基因小鼠双眼间比较屈光度数差异无统计学意义：第20周转基因小鼠右左眼屈光度均值分别是（1.50±0.45）和（1.25±0.42）D,（t=-0.889,P>0.05）,第3周转基因小鼠右左眼屈光度均值分别是（-2.50±2.59）和（-2.50±4.32）D,（t=0.000,P>0.05）;同周龄组不同性别转基因小鼠眼间比较屈光度数差异无统计学意义：第3周转基因小鼠雌雄性别眼屈光度均值分别是（-0.5±3.83）和（-4.17±1.94）D,（t=2.079,P>0.05）,第12周转基因小鼠雌雄性别眼屈光度均值分别是（1.50±0.84）和（1.50±1.87）D（t=0.000,P>0.05）;不同周龄组转基因小鼠屈光度数差异有统计学意义（H=20.910,P<0.05）;两两组间比较显示转基因小鼠第3周与第6周屈光度数差异有统计学意义（Z=-3.259,P<0.001）,其余各周之间比较屈光度数差异均无统计学意义（P>0.001）。结论人突变Lumican基因转基因小鼠出生后3周时为近视,随时间增加向远视发展,第6周远视屈光度数达到最大,8～20周时远视屈光度数逐渐减小并趋于稳定。（中华眼科杂志,2015,51：527-531）     

白内障超声乳化手术对结膜松弛症患者眼表状况的影响

目的：探讨白内障超声乳化手术对白内障合并结膜松弛症患者眼表状况的影响。

方法：对2014-09/12间在我院接受超声乳化+人工晶状体植入手术的150例200眼白内障患者,根据有无合并结膜松弛症,分为正常组110例140眼和结膜松弛组40例60眼; 随访3～6mo,观察手术前后两组患者泪膜破裂时间、异物感、泪溢及结膜充血等情况以及上述情况恢复到术前状态所用时间,并进行统计学分析。

结果：超声乳化+人工晶状体植入术后,正常组和结膜松弛组患者泪膜破裂时间(BUT)分别与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(t=20.93、19.16,均P =0.00),术后两组患者眼部异物感、泪溢情况、结膜充血情况与术前比较差异有统计学意义(均P =0.00); 比较两组患者BUT、眼部异物感、泪溢和结膜充血等情况恢复到术前状态所用时间,差异有统计学意义(t=17.16、14.18、27.41,均P=0.00)。

结论：超声乳化+人工晶状体植入手术使白内障患者的眼表状况明显变差; 结膜松弛症在白内障术后可显著延迟患者眼表功能的恢复。     

基于SD-OCT建立新的前膜分级法评估IMEM对年龄相关性白内障患者术后视功能的影响

目的：在单纯白内障术前,根据频域光学相干断层扫描技术(SD-OCT)显示年龄相关性白内障合并特发性黄斑前膜(IMEM)的患眼黄斑中心凹内部精细结构的紊乱程度建立新的IMEM分级法,评估其用于预测年龄相关性白内障患者的视功能预后的价值。

方法：选取2017-10/2018-11在暨南大学附属深圳市眼科医院因年龄相关性白内障单纯行超声乳化白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术,术前眼底检查发现合并IMEM者64例80眼,根据SD-OCT显示的IMEM对黄斑中心凹内部精细结构的破坏程度将IMEM分为4级。对合并各级IMEM的患者术前、术后3mo的最佳矫正视力(BCVA,LogMAR)、平均视敏度(MS)、黄斑中心凹厚度(CMT)、黄斑前膜进展率进行对比分析。

结果：在SD-OCT图像上,随着合并的IMEM分级的增高,前膜越明显,患者的黄斑中心凹凹部丢失和内部结构紊乱越严重。白内障术前及术后3mo的患眼BCVA随着所合并的IMEM分级升高而增加(F=37.72、26.43,均P<0.001)。白内障术前及术后3mo的患眼MS随着所合并的IMEM分级升高而降低(F=43.77、28.96,均P<0.001)。术后3mo CMT的改变和黄斑前膜进展率并不一致,合并各级IMEM的患眼CMT与术前均无差异(P>0.05),但黄斑前膜进展率呈显著上升趋势(χ²_趋势=12.59,P<0.001)。

结论：借助于SD-OCT对年龄相关性白内障合并的IMEM进行新的精细分级,可以更精准地预测该类患者单纯行白内障手术术后的视功能恢复情况。     

Hypertension and diabetes synergistically strengthen the association with cataracts among Chinese

AIM: To examine the relationship between age-related cataracts (ARC) and comorbid hypertension and diabetes. METHODS: We analyzed the administrative records of 6,467 patients aged 50 years and older admitted to the ophthalmological department of a tertiary hospital from January 1st, 2011 to May 20th, 2017. With either eye considered, an ARC (n=3,343) was defined as the presence of lens opacity or previous cataract surgery without evidence of trauma, congenital anomalies or using certain medications. Patients admitted to the same department during the same period due to ocular traumas without clinical evidence of cataracts (n=379) were recruited as the cataract-free controls. Unconditional logistic regressions were obtained the odds ratio (OR) of hypertension and diabetes among ARC patients adjusted for age, sex and health care accessibility. RESULTS: Hypertension was diagnosed in 29.54% of men with any type of cataracts, in 30.12% of men with an ARC, and 10.82% of men of cataract-free controls. Diabetes was diagnosed in 16.64% of men with any type of cataracts, in 16.48% of men with ARC and 4.22% of men of cataract-free controls. Similar patterns were observed among women. After adjusting for age, sex, and health care accessibility, hypertension was weakly [OR=1.83 (95%CI: 1.23, 2.74)] and diabetes was strongly [3.38 (1.86, 6.15)] associated with ARCs. The adjusted OR of comorbid hypertension and diabetes among adults with ARC was 18.20 (4.38, 75.59). CONCLUSION: Hypertension and diabetes were independently associated with ARC. Hypertension and diabetes, if co-existing, multiplicatively strengthened the association with ARC.     

表麻下小切口透明晶状体吸出及人工晶状体植入术治疗高度近视

目的 :评价高度近视患者表麻下行透明晶状体吸出及人工晶状体植入术的术后效果。方法 :5 6例 10 6眼高度近视患者在表面麻醉下行小切口透明晶状体吸出及人工晶状体植入术。使用超声乳化仪 ,但未用超声能量。平均年龄 3 8 5 9± 9 44岁 ;术前裸眼视力 0 0 1～ 0 2 ,矫正视力 0 0 5～ 1 0 ;平均近视度 (-19 47± 5 41)D ,平均眼轴长(3 0 45± 1 94)mm ,平均植入人工晶状体屈光度数 ( 3 96± 4 2 7)D。术后平均随访时间 16个月。结果 :术后裸眼视力均好于或等于术前矫正视力。术后裸眼视力≥ 0 5者 79眼 (74 5 % )。术后矫正视力≥ 0 5者 99眼 (93 4% )。术后平均屈光度 (-1 49± 1 11)D。发生后囊膜混浊及玻璃体前界膜混浊 8眼 ,无视网膜脱离及黄斑囊样水肿发生。结论 :表麻下小切口透明晶状体吸出及人工晶状体植入术矫正高度近视 ,安全有效 ,预测性好 ,视力稳定。     

麻痹性斜视183例临床分析

目的:探讨近年来麻痹性斜视的病因、麻痹肌分布和对视功能的影响。方法:对我院2009-03/2012-03住院行斜视矫正术的183例麻痹性斜视患者的病历资料进行回顾性研究。结果:先天性麻痹性斜视占80.87%,后天性麻痹性斜视占19.13%;原因不明者最多(77.60%),其次为外伤(14.21%)。垂直斜视中上斜肌麻痹占81.19%,下直肌麻痹占8.26%,上直肌麻痹占6.88%,下斜肌麻痹占2.29%,双上转肌麻痹占0.92%,双下转肌麻痹占0.46%。水平斜视中外直肌麻痹占54.17%,内直肌麻痹占45.83%。166例患者术前进行同视机检查,有双眼视功能患者占28.92%。结论:麻痹性斜视病因复杂,眼外肌中上斜肌最常累及,对双眼视功能有明显的影响,应尽早进行手术治疗。     

Impact of Ocular Residual Astigmatism on Visual Outcomes of Myopic Astigmatism Correction after Small Incision Lenticule Extraction

Objective: To calculate ocular residual astigmatism (ORA) by vector analysis and to evaluate the impact of ocular residual astigmatism on refractive and visual outcomes after correction of myopic astigmatism by small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Methods: In this prospective case-series study, 115 eyes with myopic astigmatism were treated with SMILE from Jauary 2019 to August 2019 atRefractive Center of Ophthalmology Department, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University. ORA was calculated by vector analysis and patients were divided into two groups according to the magnitude of ORA: high ORA group (ORA≥1.00 D) with 42 eyes and low ORA group (ORA<1.00 D) with 73 eyes. The follow-up period was 3 months after the operation. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and pythagorean length were measured and compared after the operation. The following measurements were compared: refractive outcomes, total higher order aberrations (tHOAs), vertical trefoil, vertical coma, horizontal coma, oblique trefoil, oblique quadrafoil, oblique secondary astigmatism, spherical aberration, vertical secondary astigmatism, and vertical quadrafoil. Contrast sensitivity was compared between the high and low ORA groups under either 85 cd/m2 or 3 cd/m2 illumination from 1.5 c/d to 18 c/d. The data were analyzed by an independent-samples t test and Mann-Whitney U test to compare the differences between the two groups. Results: Three months postoperatively, refractive outcomes showed that postoperative residual astigmatism in the high ORA group was significantly higher than in the low ORA group (t=3.293, P=0.001). Vector analysis showed that the error vector (EV), absolute error of angle (absolute EA) and index of success (SI) were higher in the high ORA group (t=-3.235, P=0.001; t=-2.326, P=0.020; t=-2.587, P=0.010). After SMILE，all cases had achieved a desirable visual acuity: high ORA group: -0.15±0.05, low ORA group: -0.15±0.05. There were no statistically significant differences in visual acuity, pythagorean length, tHOAs, vertical trefoil, vertical coma, horizontal coma, oblique trefoil, oblique quadrafoil, oblique secondary astigmatism, spherical aberration, vertical secondary astigmatism, or vertical quadrafoil between the two groups. An obvious difference was found in contrast sensitivity, which showed a higher contrast sensitivity at a spatial frequency of 18 c/d with 85 cd/m2 in the low ORA group than in the high ORA group (t=-2.877, P=0.005), but this tendency was not present at 3 cd/m2 . Conclusions: Ocular residual astigmatism impacts the precision of SMILE in correcting myopic astigmatism. This leads to a tendency of more residual astigmatism in refractive outcomes, and reduces contrast sensitivity at high spatial frequencies. However, it does not affect the outcome of obtaining good visual quality in both visual acuity and higher order aberrations.