艾滋病相关的卡波西肉瘤免疫激活状态研究

目的：进一步探讨免疫功能改变在艾浚病相关的卡波西肉瘤(AIDS—KS)发病中的作用。方法：对12例AIDS—KS，32例无卡波西肉瘤的HIV感染者(HIV—NKS)和16例正常对照进行了研究，用ELISA对8例AIDS—KS，28例HIV—NKS和16例正常对照血清(或血浆)进行了sFas，β2—微球蛋白(β2—MG)，IL—l0，IL—16，IL—l8，IL—6和可溶性IL—4受体(sIL—4R)测定，对l2例AIDS—KS，32例HIV—NKS外周血淋巴细胞、淋巴细胞亚群及CD38^ CD8，HLA—DR^ CD8进行了分析。结果：β2—MG，sIL—4R水平在HIV—NKS组明显高于正常对照组，IL—16水平在HIV—NKS组明显低于正常对照组，IL—18水平在HIV—NKS组和AIDS—KS组均明显高于正常对照组；CD3、CD4、CD8、NK、HLA—DR^ CD8在AIDS—KS均低于HIV—NKS，而AIDS—KS组CDl9、CD38^ CD8高于HIV—NKS组，但各组间差异无显著性。结论：AIDS—KS和HIV—NKS一样存在一定程度的免疫救活，但AIDS—KS和HIV—NKS间免疫状态无明显差异，提示免疫状态的差异可能不是艾滋病患者并发卡波西肉瘤的主要原因。     

Bone uptake studies in rabbits before and after high-dose treatment with 153Sm-EDTMP or 186Re-HEDP.

The aim of this animal study was to measure the bone uptake of (99m)Tc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HDP) before and after high-dose treatment with (153)Sm-ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP) or (186)Re-(tin)1,1-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate (HEDP) to prove or disprove post-therapeutic alterations of bone uptake of radiolabeled bisphosphonates. METHODS: Quantitative bone scanning using 100 MBq (99m)Tc-HDP was performed on 12 rabbits before and 8 wk after radionuclide therapy with 1,000 MBq of either (153)Sm-EDTMP or (186)Re-HEDP. Whole-body images were acquired at 3 min, 3 h, and 24 h after injection, and the activities for the whole body, urinary bladder, and soft tissue were measured by region-of-interest technique. From these data, bone uptake was calculated as initial whole-body activity minus urinary excretion and remainder soft-tissue activity. RESULTS: In animals treated with (153)Sm-EDTMP (n = 6), no differences could be proven for the bone uptake of (99m)Tc-HDP at 24 h after injection before and after therapy (51.1% +/- 5.5% vs. 48.0% +/- 6.1%, P > 0.05). There were also no significant differences for the remainder soft-tissue activities and the urinary excretion rates before and after therapy. Similar results were obtained in rabbits treated with (186)Re-HEDP: Bone uptake (44.8% +/- 6.7% vs. 40.4% +/- 4.9%, P > 0.05) and urinary excretion revealed no significant differences before and after treatment. CONCLUSION: No significant impairment of bone uptake of (99m)Tc-HDP could be observed 8 wk after high-dose radionuclide bone therapy. Because both the biokinetic data obtained for (186)Re-HEDP and (153)Sm-EDTMP and the myelotoxic effects were quite similar in rabbits to those in patients, it seems justifiable to expect the same result (i.e., no significant alteration of bone uptake of radiolabeled bisphosphonates) in patients undergoing a second radionuclide therapy within 2-3 mo after standard treatment with (186)Re-HEDP or (153)Sm-EDTMP.     

Angiogenesis and plastic surgery

SUMMARY: Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from an existing vascular bed, is a normal physiological process which also underpins many--apparently unrelated--pathological states. It is an integral factor in determining the success or failure of many procedures in plastic and reconstructive surgery. As a result, the ability to control the process would be of great therapeutic benefit. To appreciate the potential benefits and limitations of recent advances in our understanding of angiogenesis, it is important to comprehend the basic physiology of blood vessel formation. This review aims to summarise current knowledge of the way in which angiogenesis is controlled and to look at how disordered vessel development results in pathology relevant to plastic surgery. Through this we hope to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in angiogenesis as they relate to plastic surgery, particularly the promotion of flap survival, tendon healing, nerve regeneration, fracture healing and ulcer treatments.     

Somatostatin immunoreactive cell bodies in the dorsal horn and the parasympathetic intermediolateral nucleus of the rat spinal cord

Relative changes in the amount of galactocerebroside (GC) during development were measured in mouse brain cell cultures at different stages of development. For this purpose we used an ¹²⁵I-labelled protein A indirect assay modified in the respect that the total amount of cellular proteins was evaluated before counting the radioactivity. The amount of GC greatly increased between the 10th and the 14th day of culture, then a steady state was reached between the 14th and the 20th day of culture. This change correlates well with the dynamics of the number of oligodendrocytes we observed earlier. These data suggests that the increase of the GC amount in culture during development corresponds to the increase in the number of GC-positive oligodendrocytes rather than to the increase in the number of GC molecules per cell.     

HIV感染对记忆型和处女型CD4+T细胞上CD95的影响

目的：了解CD95在HIV感染者记忆型和处女型CD4^-T细胞表面的表达情况，探讨Fas／CD95在HIV感染中的作用。方法：采用流式细胞检测仅(FACS)对HIV感染者外周血CD4^ T细胞表面CD95、CD45RA、CD45RO的表达进行分析，用ENSA检测血清中Fas水平。结果：HIV感染后，血清Fas水平随疾病的进展而逐渐升高，同时伴有处女型T细胞表面CD95表达增高以及记忆型T细胞CD95表达逐渐下降。结论：Fas参与了HIV的感染过程。研究Fas和CD95、CD45RA、CD45RO之间的关系，可以加深对HIV致病机制的认识，并可了解疾病的进展情况和指导治疗。     

Distribution of tritium label in the neonate rat brain following intracisternal or subcutaneous administration of [H]6-OHDA. An autoradiographic study

The present report describes the distribution of tritium label after injection of newborn rats with [³H]6-hydroxydopamine ([³H]6-OHDA). The animals were injected either intracisternally (i.c.) or subcutaneously (s.c.), with or without pretreatment with nomifensine, which blocks the high-affinity uptake of both noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA), and sacrificed at intervals from 40 min to 24 h post-injection (p.i.). In i.c. injected animals, tritium label is demonstrable as early as 40 min p.i. in neurons of all known NA and DA cell groups. In NA neurons, it is taken up into cell body, dendrites, preterminal and terminal axons. The intensity of neuronal labeling is highest within the first 4 h p.i. and decreases in most neurons with longer postinjection intervals. A significant proportion of both NA and DA neurons degenerate beginning 6 h p.i., the majority show morphological signs of the axon reaction 24 h p.i. Uptake of [³H]6-OHDA into serotonergic and non-catecholaminergic neurons is not demonstrable.[³H]6-OHDA is accumulated by the following extraneuronal cells of the CNS: ependymal cells, epithelial cells of the choroid plexus, subependymal macrophages, smooth muscle cells in the wall of large intraparenchymal blood vessels, meningeal cells and glial cells. The time course of accumulation and disappearance of the label varies among these extraneuronal elements. The meningeal cells show the highest labeling intensity and degenerate within 24 h p.i.After pretreatment of the animals with nomifensine, the uptake of [³H]6-OHDA into NA and DA neurons is totally blocked; by contrast uptake of the labeled drug into extraneuronal cells is not prevented.These findings show that [³H]6-OHDA is not only accumulated by neurons possessing the high-affinity uptake for NA or DA, but by numerous other, extraneuronal cells which also participate in the metabolism of catecholamines.