抚触对人工喂养新生儿生长发育的影响

目的 探讨抚触对人工喂养儿生长发育影响。方法 选择30例人工喂养新生儿进行抚触,并随机选择条件相似的30例人工喂养儿做对照,100d时比较两组婴儿的身长、头围、体质量、日摄奶量、睡眠时间、大便情况。结果 抚触组人工喂养婴儿的体质量、摄奶量较对照明显增加,睡眠时间较对照组长,且较对照组大便正常,较少发生便秘。身高、头围无明显差异。结论 抚触能明显提高人工喂养儿的体质量及摄奶量,促进排泄,改善睡眠。     

Comparison of latex agglutination with enzyme immunoassay for detection of rotavirus in fecal specimens

Human rotaviruses are the most important etiologic agents of acquired diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. Early diagnosis is essentialfor effective patient treatment. The latex agglutination (LA) assays for rotavirus diagnosis are rapid, inexpensive, and the most widely used to screen specimens. The performance of the LA Rotagen (Biokit S.A., Barcelona, Spain) was evaluated for rotavirus detection infecal samples of outpatients with acute gastroenteritis. This assay was compared with the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) EIARA (Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). From January to October 2000, 285 fecal specimens were analyzed. Forty-four samples (15.4%) were reactive, 214 (75.4%) were nonreactive, and 27 (9.5%) were indeterminate by LA. All LA-positive samples were positive by EIA, and 2 LA-negative samples were positive by EIA. Of specimens indeterminate by LA, 67% were positive by EIA. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of LA were 69%, 100%, and 93%, respectively. These results indicate that assay is as sensitive and specific as the EIA, and it could be applied on a large scale for screening stool specimens in suspected rotavirus diarrhea. However, the indeterminate results must be confirmed by other methods, such as EIA.     

Lethal encephalitis in myeloid differentiation factor 88-deficient mice infected with herpes simplex virus 1

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), a large DNA virus from the Herpesviridae family, is the major cause of sporadic lethal encephalitis and blindness in humans. Recent studies have shown the importance of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the immune response to HSV-1 infection. Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is a critical adaptor protein that is downstream to mediated TLR activation and is essential for the production of inflammatory cytokines. Here, we studied the relationship between MyD88 and HSV-1 using a purified HSV-1 isolated from a natural oral recurrent human infection. We observed the activation of TLR-2 by HSV-1 in vitro using Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with a reporter gene. Interestingly, we found that only peritoneal macrophages from MyD88-/- mice, but not macrophages from TRL2-/- or from wild-type mice, were unable to produce tumor necrosis factor-alpha in response to HSV-1 exposure. Additionally, although TLR2-/- mice showed no enhanced susceptibility to intranasal infection with HSV-1, MyD88-/- mice were highly susceptible to infection and displayed viral migration to the brain, severe neuropathological signs of encephalitis, and 100% mortality by day 10 after infection. Together, our results suggest that innate resistance to HSV-1 is mediated by MyD88 and may rely on activation of multiple TLRs.     

我国HIV-1 B''亚型毒株gag基因变异特征研究

目的研究我国人免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）B’亚型主要流行株在宿主免疫压力下的基因变异及抗原表位的变化特征，探讨选择压力、基因离散率和抗原表位变化之间的关系。方法从确诊的HIV-1感染者的全血样本中提取基因组DNA，经套式聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增后，将扩增产物进行纯化和测序。然后将所得序列进行系统进化树和氨基酸变异分析，使用GCG软件包的Distance程序对P17和P24两个区段计算基因距离，用Diverge程序计算同义替换（1（s）和非同义替换（1（a）及二者之间的比值，并对我国人群中较常见的HLA型别限制的CTL表位的突变情况进行分析。结果HIV-1B’亚型毒株的P17区段的Ks／Ka值〈1，而P24区段的Ks／Ka值〉1；P24部分的基因离散率低于P17部分；P17区段抗原表位的保守率为34．94％，而P24区段抗原表位的保守率为67．38％；从基因离散率、所受的选择压力及抗原表位的突变率3个方面来看，HIV-1的P17区段均明显大于P24区段。结论HIV-1B’亚型毒株的P17区段的抗原表位变化较大，而P24区段的抗原表位相对较为保守。提示P24区段的CTL表位更适合于表位疫苗的研制。     

Improved immunodiagnosis of human cysticercosis with scolex protein antigens

Crude antigenic extract (CAE) and a scolex protein antigen (SPA) of Taenia solium cysticerci were used in indirect haemagglutination (IH) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect serum antibodies in cysticercosis patients. Complement fixation (CF) was used for comparison with antigens obtained as an alcoholic extract of CAE (ACAE) and SPA (ASPA). For each test, a dilution was chosen which showed no cross-reactivity with sera from patients with other parasitic diseases such as taeniasis, schistosomiasis, ancylostomiasis, ascaridiasis, strongyloidiasis, Chagas' disease and syphilis. For the CF, 14 was the discriminative dilution determined; for IH, 116 and for ELISA, 1256. The CF could detect serum antibodies to cysticerci in 45% of patients when ACAE antigen was used and 73% using ASPA. In the IH, serum antibody was detected in 73% of patients when CAE was used and 86% using SPA. In ELISA 63% of patients were positive when CAE was used and 91% using SPA. The use of SPA improved the serological distinction between infected and uninfected patients in all tests and the ELISA showed a significantly higher capacity to detect infected patients.     

森林脑炎病毒prM-E蛋白在昆虫细胞中的表达及免疫活性测定

目的为了表达森林脑炎病毒prME蛋白,为森林脑炎快速诊断试剂的研制奠定基础。方法经过RTPCR扩增、重组转移载体构建、细菌内转座和昆虫细胞转染,以杆状病毒昆虫细胞表达系统成功地表达了森林脑炎病毒MDJ01株prME蛋白。结果从感染细胞上清中电镜观察到重组蛋白形成的球型颗粒,说明重组病毒感染细胞后产生病毒样表达颗粒(viruslikeparticlesVLPs),并且分泌至细胞外。免疫印迹试验和间接免疫荧光试验表明,表达的重组蛋白能够与抗森林脑炎病毒抗体特异结合,具有良好的抗原性。ELISA和间接免疫荧光染色证实,重组prME蛋白可以作为抗原用于检测患者血清特异性抗体。结论在昆虫细胞中表达的prME具有良好的抗原性,本研究为森林脑炎快速特异诊断试剂研制奠定了基础。