侧脑室注射血管紧张素Ⅱ促进内源性洋地黄样因子释放

目的 探讨侧脑室注射血管紧张素Ⅱ对内源性洋地黄样因子（EDLF）释放的影响。方法 大鼠侧脑室注射血管紧张素Ⅱ及侧脑室注射Saralasin或损毁第三脑室前腹区（AV3V）预处理,放射免疫方法测定血清EDLF浓度的变化。结果 侧脑室注射AngⅡ可引起血清EDLF浓度升高;Saralasin预处理或海人酸损毁AV3V区可阻断侧脑室注射AngⅡ引起的血清EDLF升高效应。结论 侧脑室注射血管紧张素Ⅱ促进EDLF释放。     

肾上腺外伤性血肿的CT诊断

目的:评价肾上腺外伤性血肿的CT检查的意义。方法:回顾分析了经临床随访证实6例肾上腺外伤性血肿的CT资料。结果:6例肾上腺外伤性血肿均发生于右侧,6例在外伤10d内行CT检查。CT平扫:表现为卵圆形、梭形块影。病灶最大径4.5 cm×2.0 cm,其中,高密度4例、等密度1例、低密度1例。CT值在24~62 Hu之间。增强扫描:病灶不强化,2例在血肿边缘可见强化的肾上腺,其外周可见等密度条索影;4例合并少量腹水;2例合并肝撕裂伤。结论:CT可以早期明确肾上腺外伤性血肿的诊断。对于腹部闭合性损伤患者应早期行CT检查,必要的增强扫描,对于肯定和/或排除肾上腺血肿的诊断有重要价值。     

X-linked hypophosphatemia in adults: prevalence of skeletal radiographic and scintigraphic features

The radiologic studies of 38 essentially untreated adults with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) were reviewed to determine the prevalence of radiologic features, to compare the findings in men and in women, and to elucidate the natural history of the disease by comparing the findings in young, intermediate-age, and older patients. Bone-reinforcement lines were common, but no characteristic mineral mass alteration was established. Looser zones were more prevalent in older subjects. Osteoarthritis was common, occurring in the ankles, knees, feet, sacroiliac joints, and wrists. Enthesopathy was infrequent in the younger group but was present in every member of the intermediate and older groups and was often accompanied by extra ossicles. Curvatures of the lower-extremity long bones were common in all age groups. Three new skeletal alterations in XLH were found to be common: flaring of the iliac wings, trapezoidal distal femoral condyles, and alterations in talar morphology, including shortening of the talar neck and flattening of the talar dome. Technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate scintigrams of 17 subjects were often abnormal, depicting bowing deformity and focal tracer accumulation in diaphyseal cortices and in periarticular and extraarticular regions. The mean metabolic index was moderately elevated (4.0). Both radiographic and scintigraphic findings were more severe in men, consistent with hemizygosity. The natural history of untreated XLH in both sexes is characterized by the development of a variety of age-related skeletal abnormalities during adulthood.     

CDw60 glycolipid antigens of human leukocytes: structural characterization and cellular distribution

Monoclonal CDw60 antibodies recognize glycolipid antigens with restricted surface expression on human leukocytes. They allow us to define new functional subpopulations of T lymphocytes and are able to induce costimulatory signals. In this report, we describe the molecular composition of CDw60 glycolipid antigens derived from different human leukocyte subpopulations. The glycolipids were isolated and their structures were identified by immunochemical methods. All molecules containing the CDw60 determinant were found in the disialoganglioside fraction. They were O-acetylated derivatives of the gangliosides II3 (Neu5Ac)2-LacCer (GD3), IV3 (Neu5Ac)2-nLc4Cer (DSPG), and VI3 (Neu5Ac)2- nLc6Cer (DSnHC), respectively. The most common CDw60 glycolipid antigen in human leukocytes was 9-O-acetyl GD3. In a comparison of various cell types, the highest concentration of 9-O-acetyl GD3 on a per cell basis was determined in granulocytes and in blood T lymphocytes, whereas B lymphocytes, thymus cells, and monocytes contained considerably smaller amounts of this molecule. Polar CDw60 antigens such as 9-O-acetyl DSPG and 9-O-acetyl DSnHC were only detected in granulocytes.     

Adenomatous polyposis coli protein contains two nuclear export signals and shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm

Mutational inactivation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor initiates most hereditary and sporadic colon carcinomas. Although APC protein is located in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, the protein domains required to maintain a predominantly cytoplasmic localization are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that nuclear export of APC is mediated by two intrinsic, leucine-rich, nuclear export signals (NESs) located near the amino terminus. Each NES was able to induce the nuclear export of a fused carrier protein. Both APC NESs were independently able to interact with the Crm1 nuclear export factor and substitute for the HIV-1 Rev NES to mediate nuclear mRNA export. Both APC NESs functioned within the context of APC sequence: an amino-terminal APC peptide containing both NESs interacted with Crm1 and showed nuclear export in a heterokaryon nucleocytoplasmic shuttling assay. Also, mutation of both APC NESs resulted in the nuclear accumulation of the full-length, approximately 320-kDa APC protein, further establishing that the two intrinsic APC NESs are necessary for APC protein nuclear export. Moreover, endogenous APC accumulated in the nucleus of cells treated with the Crm1-specific nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B. Together, these data indicate that APC is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttle protein whose predominantly cytoplasmic localization requires NES function and suggests that APC may be important for signaling between the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments of epithelial cells.     

The significance of privacy and trust in providing health-related services to behaviorally bisexual men in the United States

Previous research suggests that bisexual men face unique health concerns in comparison to their exclusively homosexual and heterosexual counterparts. However, little is known about behaviorally bisexual men's experiences with health services, including ways of providing services that would be most appropriate to meet the health needs of this population. This study sought to understand preferences for health-related services among behaviorally bisexual men in the Midwestern United States. Using a community-based research approach, a diverse sample of 75 behaviorally bisexual men was recruited for in-depth interviews. Qualitative data were analyzed utilizing inductive coding through established team-based protocols to ensure reliability. Themes emerged involving the importance of privacy and trust when reaching, recruiting, and engaging behaviorally bisexual men in health services. Findings suggest that multifaceted approaches are needed, including those that provide relevant and confidential services while allowing for the development and ongoing maintenance of trust.