Acute ischemia of the hand as a complication of radial artery catheterization. Apropos of 2 cases following abdominal sarcoma surgery

Arterial catheterization is a simple technique that yields great benefits, such as continuous monitoring of arterial pressure and the possibility of taking repeated samples for analysis. However, it is not free of complications, the main ones being limb ischemia and gas embolism. To reduce the risk of complications, guidelines for insertion and maintenance of arterial catheters have been established. We report two cases of acute hand ischemia secondary to arterial catheterization. Both patients were undergoing surgery for sarcoma-type abdominal cancer and developed acute ischemia of the hand lasting several hours. The predisposing factor in both cases was the existence of a highly advanced sarcoma-type abdominal tumor, probably related to a state of hypercoagulability.     

Linfadenitis por micobacterias no tuberculosas: experiencia de 15 años

Objective

To study the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, therapeutic management, and outcome of non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis in a paediatric population of Aragón (Spain).

Eficacia de Cimicifuga racemosa para el tratamiento de la clínica vasomotora y psíquica en pacientes menopáusicas

Objective

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a standardized isopropanolic extract of Cimicifuga racemosa (CR) (Remifemin®) in the treatment of climacteric symptoms.

Material and method

We performed a multicenter observational prospective study in 483 postmenopausal women (natural menopause) between April and August 2004. In all patients, the presence and intensity (mild, moderate, severe) of hot flashes, sweating, irritability, nervousness, and depression were registered in a questionnaire administered at the beginning of treatment and 3 months later. The patients received 40 mg/day of CR for 12 weeks. Symptoms were evaluated before and after treatment. The statistical analysis was performed using the chi-squared test.

Results

Tolerance was excellent with no treatment withdrawals due to adverse effects. Efficacy was considered good by most of the clinicians. Of the 483 patients enrolled, 471 attended the second visit (the 12 women not attending the second visit were included in the group of women showing no improvement). Of the 483 women with hot flashes, 77% improved. The intensity of hot flashes was reduced in 85%, 76% and 64% of the patients with severe, moderate, and mild symptoms, respectively. The symptoms showing greatest improvement were hot flashes and sweating: sweating improved in 78% (severe 85%, moderate 81% mild 65%). Rates of improvement were over 70% for psychic symptoms: irritability (severe 77%, moderate 72%, mild 43%), depression (severe 78%, moderate 64%, mild 51%) and insomnia (severe 78%, moderate 69%, mild 49%).

Conclusions

CM (40 mg/day) is a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of climacteric symptoms in women who cannot or do not wish to receive hormone replacement therapy.     

Results of the national survey of borderline ovarian tumors in Spain

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective multi-center analysis of women diagnosed with borderline ovarian tumor and treated between January 1990 and December 1997. A national survey was conducted, in which 457 patients from 27 centers corresponding to ten of Spain's autonomous communities were analyzed. RESULTS: Four hundred fifty-seven women with borderline ovarian tumor were analyzed. The mean age of patients was 45.5+/-16.9 years. Of these, 390 patients (85.3%) were at stage I, 8 (1.8%) were at stage II and 36 (7.9%) at stage III. A bilateral tumor was observed in 63 women (13.8%). The mean tumor size was 14.2 cm and in 88 cases (19.3%) the tumor was on the surface of the ovary. Microinvasion was observed in 25 (5.5%) cases, and 29 women (6.3%) showed a micropapillary pattern. Study of the factors related to the appearance of peritoneal implants revealed positive tumor markers (OR 15.02: 1.9-32.9) and a tumor on the ovarian surface (OR 8.0: 1.8-127) to be independent risk factors. With respect to recurrence, the presence of peritoneal implants at the time of initial surgery (OR 3.4: 1.1-10.4) and signs of microinvasion in the anatomicopathological study (OR 5.5: 1.5-17.8) were found to be independent risk factors. The overall survival rate in our series was 97% with a mean follow-up of 88.3 months. The survival rate by stage was 97% for stage I, 100% for stage II and 97% for stage III. CONCLUSIONS: Although borderline ovarian tumors have an excellent prognosis, they are not exempt from a risk of recurrence. Characterization of patients with borderline ovarian tumor is essential in order to prevent their evolution. Likewise, the taking on board of risk factors will enable more selective treatments to be offered in each case.     

HOXD8 hypermethylation as a fully sensitive and specific biomarker for biliary tract cancer detectable in tissue and bile samples

Background Biliary tract cancers (BTC) are rare but highly aggressive tumours with poor prognosis, usually detected at advanced stages. Herein, we aimed at identifying BTC-specific DNA methylation alterations.Methods Study design included statistical power and sample size estimation. A genome-wide methylation study of an explorative cohort (50 BTC and ten matched non-tumoral tissue samples) has been performed. BTC-specific altered CpG islands were validated in over 180 samples (174 BTCs and 13 non-tumoral controls). The final biomarkers, selected by a machine-learning approach, were validated in independent tissue (18 BTCs, 14 matched non-tumoral samples) and bile (24 BTCs, five non-tumoral samples) replication series, using droplet digital PCR.Results We identified and successfully validated BTC-specific DNA methylation alterations in over 200 BTC samples. The two-biomarker panel, selected by an in-house algorithm, showed an AUC > 0.97. The best-performing biomarker (chr2:176993479-176995557), associated with HOXD8, a pivotal gene in cancer-related pathways, achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity in a new series of tissue and bile samples.Conclusions We identified a novel fully efficient BTC biomarker, associated with HOXD8 gene, detectable both in tissue and bile by a standardised assay ready-to-use in clinical trials also including samples from non-invasive matrices.Subject terms: Diagnostic markers, Biliary tract cancer