Effect of cytokines on liver necrosis

AIM To investigate the effect of cytokines on the liver necrosis.METHODS rIL (interleukin)-1, rIL-6, rIFN (interferon), rTNF (tumor necrosis factor) α with or without D-galactosamine (D-GAL) were injected into the abdominal cavity of mice separately. ALT, TBIL (total bilirubin) and histological changes were observed.RESULTS There was no effect on hepatocyte of normal mice after injection of rIL-1, rIL-6, rIFN alone or together. The serum total bilirubin (TBIL) and liver necrosis of mice increased after rTNFα, rIL-6 or rIFN were used separately with D-GAL. The TBIL level (μmol/L) was 46.19±10.62, 44.55±12.9 and 41.94±14.9, higher than that caused by D-GAL alone (TBIL, 26.67μmol/L±11.14μmol/L). The serum TBIL of mice and the degree of liver necrosis increased after injection of IL-1, IL-6 with D-GAL and rTNFα.CONCLUSION Cytokines, like IL-1,IL-6, IFN and TNFα joined in the process of hepatocyte necrosis. They can enhance the degree of liver necrosis induced by D-GAL.     

Functional and binding studies of the roles of prothrombin and beta 2- glycoprotein I in the expression of lupus anticoagulant activity

We present functional and binding data relevant to the reported roles for prothrombin and beta 2-glycoprotein I (beta 2GPI) in the expression of lupus anticoagulant activity. In a purified system containing human prothrombin, Xa, Va, and a rate-limiting concentration of phosphatidylserine (PS)/phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles, the preliminary incubation of vesicles with protein A separated IgG preparations from 10 lupus anticoagulant plasmas, calcium, and prothrombin enhanced the inhibitory effect of all IgG preparations upon thrombin generation. Experiments in a purified factor X activation system provided supporting data that a similar preliminary incubation with prothrombin enhanced the inhibitory effect of many of the IgG preparations upon factor X activation. However, we could not obtain unequivocal evidence that prothrombin was an obligatory cofactor for lupus anticoagulant IgG to inhibit procoagulant phospholipid function, because lupus anticoagulant IgG separated by protein A chromatography contained traces of prothrombin. The binding of many IgG preparations to immobilized PS was enhanced by prothrombin when calcium ions were present. beta 2GPI enhanced binding of many of the IgG preparations to immobilized PS both in the presence and absence of calcium, yet beta 2GPI failed to enhance the ability of the IgG preparations to inhibit phospholipid function in purified prothrombin and factor X assays. Moreover, the IgG preparations prolonged the dilute Russell's viper venom time (dRVVT) of beta 2GPI-depleted normal plasma. Nine of 10 IgG preparations bound to prothrombin on Western blots in the absence of calcium and phospholipid, whereas no preparation bound to beta 2GPI. Passage of five citrated lupus anticoagulant plasmas through a prothrombin affinity column in the absence of added calcium and phospholipid removed most of the activity prolonging the dRVVT of normal plasma, and IgG in the pass-through plasma no longer bound to PS in the presence of prothrombin and calcium ions. IgG in prothrombin column eluates had strikingly enhanced specific lupus anticoagulant activity and also specific PS binding activity in the presence of prothrombin and calcium ions. Thus, lupus anticoagulant plasmas were shown to contain IgG binding to prothrombin, in the absence of calcium ions and phospholipid, which could also, in the presence of calcium ions and prothrombin, bind to PS and express lupus anticoagulant activity.     

胆道联合静脉超声造影在恶性梗阻性黄疸中的价值

目的:评价胆道联合静脉超声造影检查在恶性梗阻性黄疸治疗中的临床价值。方法:43例患者经增强CT或MRI诊断为恶性梗阻性黄疸,在手术前行经皮经肝胆管穿刺置管,并予以常规超声、静脉超声造影和胆道超声造影检查。以手术结果为金标准,分析常规超声、静脉超声造影、胆道超声造影、胆道联合静脉超声造影对恶性梗阻性黄疸的诊断符合率。结果:43例患者中,常规超声、静脉超声造影、胆道超声造影、胆道联合静脉超声造影的诊断符合率分别为72.1%(31/43)、83.7%(36/43)、81.4%(35/43)及93.0%(40/43)。其中胆道联合静脉超声造影的诊断符合率明显优于常规超声(P=0.021),而单独的静脉或胆道超声造影与常规超声之间的差异无统计学意义(P=0.194和0.307)。结论:胆道联合静脉超声造影可全面评估梗阻部位胆管的腔内和腔外的情况,提高超声对恶性梗阻性黄疸诊断符合率,有效判断手术的可切除性,具有较好的临床价值。     

睾丸原发性淋巴瘤2例

睾丸原发性淋巴瘤是一类较为罕见的结外淋巴瘤,其临床进展迅速,预后较差。本文回顾性分析我院2例经病理证实的睾丸原发性淋巴瘤的MRI表现,以提高对该病的认识。病例例1,男,44岁,右侧睾丸进行性增大伴酸胀2月余。患者于2月前无明显诱因出现右侧睾丸增大,伴酸胀,久站或活动后加重,平躺休息后可缓解。查体:右侧睾丸增大,大小约4 cm×2 cm,可触及肿物,质硬,有沉重感,肿物与睾丸     

结核分枝杆菌FtsZ抑制剂的筛选和活性研究

目的筛选结核分枝杆菌FtsZ的特异性抑制剂,为抗结核药物的研发提供先导化合物。方法应用本实验室已经建立的结核分枝杆菌FtsZ抑制剂筛选模型对化合物库进行筛选,获得能够抑制FtsZ的化合物202E,对其进行IC50以及分子水平活性测定,并利用DS 4.0软件将化合物202E与FtsZ的活性位点进行对接。结果化合物202E能够抑制结核分枝杆菌FtsZ的GTP酶活性,其IC50为15.46μmol/L。202E还能够抑制FtsZ蛋白的聚合。通过分子对接,发现202E能够与FtsZ的GTP结合位点结合,抑制FtsZ的GTP酶活性。结论化合物202E是活性较好的结核分枝杆菌FtsZ抑制剂。     

同型半胱氨酸在巨幼细胞贫血诊断中的临床意义

目的探讨血清同型半胱氨酸(HCY)在巨幼细胞贫血(MA)诊断中的临床意义。方法回顾性研究了60例初诊MA患者入院时HCY、血清叶酸(folic acid,FA)、维生素B12(Vit B12)检测值情况。结果 MA患者HCY显著升高,(x±s)为(47.12±9.80)μmol/L,阳性率为93.33%;与血清FA/Vit B12敏感度比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.20,P<0.05)。HCY与血清FA、Vit B12相关性分析分别为(r=-0.648,P=0.02)、(r=-0.756,P=0.006),相关性检验差异有统计学意义。结论 HCY对帮助诊断MA,特别是血清FA/Vit B12检测值正常时,有着重要的意义。     

老年下肢动脉闭塞患者的动脉造影特征及血清高敏C反应蛋白变化

目的分析老年下肢动脉闭塞患者动脉造影（DSA）的临床及病变特征,并测定血清高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平,探讨hs-CRP检测的诊断意义。方法回顾性地分析第三军医大学老年科2008年1月至2012年12月间收治的41例老年下肢动脉闭塞患者的临床资料。分析临床特点、血压水平、性别差异、DSA的病变特点、hs-CRP水平及其与DSA造影结果的相关性。结果下肢动脉造影提示老年患者多存在多支、弥漫性病变,侧支循环形成差,症状较重,多以保守治疗为主。老年男性患者血压水平无明显升高,老年女性患者的收缩压水平高于男性患者,老年下肢动脉粥样硬化患者CRP明显增高,但无明显性别差异,也与病变的严重程度无关（P〈0．05）。结论DSA检测显示老年下肢动脉闭塞的患者病变有其独特性,血压升高水平有性别差异,hs-CRP在多数患者中有升高,但是无性别差异,也不能完全评估严重程度。     

与HIV感染相关的心理问题

该文从感染艾滋病病毒（HIV）前存在的心理问题、感染HIV后带来的心理影响、儿童感染者面临的特殊问题、影响感染者和患者（PLWHA）心理问题的各种因素、艾滋病疑病症等几方面,对与HIV感染相关的心理问题进行了阐述。由于心理问题可导致高危行为,而病毒和机会性感染会损害中枢神经系统,感染、抗病毒治疗（ART）的不良反应、社会歧视和侮辱又可引起心理问题,因此,建议切实将心理干预纳入艾滋病综合防治,防止HIV进一步传播。     

鼻咽癌治疗后颈部淋巴结转移癌复发的诊疗进展

［摘要］　鼻咽癌颈部淋巴结转移癌治疗后复发是鼻咽癌治疗后复发的常见类型之一,其复发后的确诊及再治疗是鼻咽癌治疗过程中的重要环节,其治疗效果必然影响到患者的生存和生活质量。该文对鼻咽癌治疗后颈部淋巴结转移癌复发的影响因素、诊断、治疗现状和研究进展作一综述。