鼻咽癌局部复发或残留患者挽救手术进路的选择

目的 根据鼻咽癌局部复发和残留累及的部位和范围,选择不同手术进路切除肿瘤,观察治疗效果、并发症,并观察其预后.方法 回顾性分析从1991年3月至2005年1月因首次治疗失败、手术挽救治疗的鼻咽癌患者37例,男23例,女14例;年龄26～57岁,中位年龄46.5岁.Ⅰ期4例,Ⅱ期10例,Ⅲ期14例,Ⅳ期9例.5例患者颈部淋巴结复发.37例患者经活检证实为鼻咽癌复发和残留.行鼻内镜手术8例,硬腭进路12例,上颌骨外翻进路5例,上颌骨外翻进路+翼点入路4例,鼻侧切+冠状切口双额开颅进路2例,面中部切口鼻锥体翻转进路6例.其中5例同时行颈淋巴清扫术.31例术后2周放疗60 Gy,其中放疗同期化疗15例;6例切缘组织为阴性者未予放疗及化疗.中位随访时间45个月(12～72个月).Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率.结果91.8%(34/37)患者复发肿瘤完全切除,次全切除8.2%(3/37).手术并发症发生率24.3%(9/37).总的3年和5年无瘤生存率分别为62.1%和43.3%.总的3年和5年生存率分别为72.9%和51.3%.Ⅰ～Ⅳ期复发患者的5年无瘤生存率分别为100%、40%、28%和1l%(χ2=10.0,P＜0.01＝,5年累积生存率为100%、70%、35%和28%(χ2=11.5,P＜0.01),差异有统计学意义.结论鼻咽癌复发手术挽救治疗是可行的.根据鼻咽癌复发灶具体部位和范围,采用一种手术进路方法或加以改良,或联合神经外科进路,术中使肿瘤充分暴露,可以安全切除病变,挽救局部复发晚期鼻咽癌患者.

Abstract：

Objective The choice of surgical approaches for salvage surgery based on the location and invasion of recurrent and residual lesions of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC),surgical results,complications,and survival were assessed.Methods Thirty-seven cases with recurrent and residual lesions of NPC underwent salvage surgery between March 1991 and January 2005 were analysed retrospectively.Of 37 patients,23 were men and 14 women,with a median age of 46.5 years (26 -57 years) ;4 were at stage Ⅰ,10 at stage Ⅱ,14 at stage Ⅲ,and 9 at stage Ⅳ; 5 cases were with cervical metastasis,including 3 cases of N1 and 2 cases N2.All recurrent and residual lesions of NPC were determined by biopsy.On the location and invasion of recurrent and residual lesions of NPC,8 cases underwent endoscopic resection of lesions,12 cases of the palate nasopharyngectomy,5 cases of maxillary swing,4 cases of maxillary swing plus preronal approach,2 cases of lateral rhinotomy plus coronalflap approach,and 6 cases transfacial plus nasal pyramid swing approach.Five cases with cervical metastasis received neck dissection in addition to the operations for recurrent and residual lesions of NPC. Postoperatively 31 cases received radiotherapy with dosage of 60 Gy,among them 15 cases with concurrent chemoradiation therapy,and 6 cases with clear surgical margin did not received radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The cases were followed up for 12 - 72 months,with a median of 45 months.Results Total resection for the recurrent and residual lesions of NPC acounted for 91.8% (34/37) and subtotal resection for 8.2% (3/37). The accidence of perioperative complications was 24.3% (9/37). The 3- and 5-year overall disease-free survival rates (DFSR) were 62.1% and 43.3%,respectively. The 3- and 5-year overall survival rates (OSR) were 72.9% and 51.3%,respectively.The 5 year DFSR of cases at stage Ⅰ - Ⅳ were 100%,40%,28% and 11% (χ2 =10.0,P ＜0.01＝,respectively.The 5 year OSR were 100%,70%,35% and 28% (χ2 = 11.5,P ＜0.01),respectively.Conclusions Salvage surgery is a justified treatment for the recurren and residual lesions of NPC,by which some patients with recurren and residual lesions of NPC can be salvaged.     

粘连性肠梗阻腹腔镜微创综合治疗118例探讨

目的探讨结合腹腔镜微创综合治疗急性粘连性肠梗阻的方法。方法对1996年12月～2006年12月388例中的118例采用结合腹腔镜微创综合治疗急性粘连性肠梗阻的方法及效果进行回顾分析。结果结合腹腔镜微创综合治疗急性粘连性肠梗阻的方法疗效较好,118例全部治愈,其中术中中转开腹手术治疗16例,无死亡病例,无并发症出现。结论结合腹腔镜微创综合治疗急性粘连性肠梗阻的方法疗效好,能明显降低急性粘连性肠梗阻的死亡率及并发症。     

Parents, physicians, and antibiotic use

BACKGROUND: Emergence of resistant bacterial pathogens has increased concerns about antibiotic prescribing patterns. Parent expectations and pressure may influence these patterns. OBJECTIVE: To understand how parents influence the prescribing patterns of physicians and what strategies physicians believe are important if we are going to reduce inappropriate use of oral antimicrobial agents. DESIGNS AND METHODS: One thousand pediatricians who are members of the American Academy of Pediatrics were asked to complete a semi-structured questionnaire. The physicians were chosen randomly by the American Academy of Pediatrics. RESULTS: Nine hundred fifteen pediatricians were eligible and 610 surveys were analyzable, for a response rate of 67%. The majority of respondents were male (56%), worked in a group practice (51%), saw an average of 114 patients per week and were in practice for 14 years. Forty percent of the pediatricians indicated that 10 or more times in the past month a parent had requested an antibiotic when the physician did not feel it was indicated. Forty-eight percent reported that parents always, most of the time, or often pressure them to prescribe antibiotics when their children are ill but antibiotics are not indicated. In follow-up questions, approximately one-third of physicians reported they occasionally or more frequently comply with these requests. Seventy-eight percent felt that educating parents would be the single most important program for reducing inappropriate oral antibiotic use and 54% indicated that parental pressure, in contrast to concerns about legal liability (12%) or need to be efficient in practice (19%), contributed most to inappropriate use of oral antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatricians acknowledge prescribing antimicrobial agents when they are not indicated. Pediatricians believe educating parents is necessary to promote the judicious use of antimicrobial agents.     

广西某县原发性肝癌危险因素的非条件Logistic回归分析

目的：调查广西某县肝癌危险因素,为该县开展肝癌防治研究提供科学依据。方法：从该地区恶性肿瘤发病登记报告中,随机选择１９９６年～１９９７年肝癌患者３５０例为病例组：并随机选择１５２８例正常人群进行调查,为对照组;用非条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归模型进行多因素分析。结果有８个因素最终选入多因素非条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归模型,包括饮水类型,１０年前玉米月用量,心理情绪,ＨＢｓＡｇ和肝癌家庭史等。结论：广西某     

肝动脉泵生物化疗治疗进展期黑色素瘤肝转移Ⅱ期临床研究

背景与目的:黑色素瘤肝转移全身治疗效果不佳,国外研究发现肝动脉灌注化疗可显著改善疗效,本研究进一步探讨肝动脉泵为基础的生物化疗治疗肝转移的疗效及对生存期的影响。方法:选择进展期黑色素瘤肝转移患者21例,予肝动脉泵置入,行淋巴细胞删除性化疗(福莫司汀 达卡巴嗪),化疗后立刻进行自体细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞回输,并同时应用白介素-2、粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子治疗,28d为一周期。疗效评定采用实体瘤疗效评价标准。对21例患者的疾病控制率、不良反应发生率、无进展生存期、总生存期进行分析。结果:可评价疗效患者共17例,完全缓解1例,部分缓解1例,稳定6例,进展9例,疾病控制率47.06%(8/17)。中位无进展生存期3个月。中位生存期6个月。Ⅲ～Ⅳ级的不良反应占38.1%(8/21)。结论:对于进展期黑色素瘤肝转移患者,以肝动脉泵为基础的生物化疗可明显改善患者的疾病控制率,无进展生存期、总生存期有延长趋势,毒副作用可耐受,是一种有良好前景的治疗模式。     

抗精神病药慢性给药对大鼠海马neuregulin 1与ErbB4表达的影响*

目的:观察抗精神病药慢性给药对大鼠海马内neuregulin 1(神经调节蛋白1,NRG1)与ErbB4蛋白表达的影响。方法:16只Wistar大鼠随机分为4组,分别腹腔注射生理氯化钠溶液、氟哌啶醇(1 mg·kg~(-1))、氯氮平(10 mg·kg~(-1))和利培酮(1 mg·kg~(-1)),qd,连续给药4周。以免疫组织化学方法检测NRG1与ErbB4在海马CA1,CA3和齿状回区的表达。结果:与对照组比较,慢性给予氟哌啶醇、氯氮平或利培酮均显著上调了海马CA3区NRG1与ErbB4的表达。氯氮平还上调了齿状回区NRG1的表达。结论:抗精神病药慢性给药增加大鼠海马NRG1与ErbB4的表达,这种改变可能与抗精神病药治疗效应有关。     

视网膜分支静脉阻塞相关因素分析

目的:探讨视网膜分支静脉阻塞的有关因素。方法:对61例(61眼)视网膜分支静脉阻塞(BRVO)病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析,应用A型超声仪对19例BRVO眼轴进行测量,对照组与病例组年龄和性别相配,例数相等。结果:81.97%的病例发病年龄≥50岁,91.8%的BRVO发生于动静脉交叉点为正交叉者,67.21%的病例发生于视网膜颞上分支静脉。BRVO阻塞眼轴长与对侧眼及正常对照眼比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:视网膜分支静脉阻塞病人的预后取决于其并发症的程度和范围,并发症的发生率与阻塞部位密切相关,短眼轴不是BRVO的危险因素。     

慢性乙型肝炎需要长期、有效地抗病毒治疗

目前研究证明．持续高HBV载量是慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）病情进展的主要病因．通过对26个前瞻性研究荟萃分析显示．血清HBVDNA水平与肝组织病变严重程度及活动性呈正相关。经抗病毒治疗后．随着HBVDNA水平下降．肝病活动指数（HAt）也明显下降，因此，在CHB时，病毒载量可以衡量组织病变的严重和活动程度。台湾学者证明持续高载量HBVDNA，