Impact of Participant Incentives and Direct and Snowball Sampling on Survey Response Rate in an Ethnically Diverse Community: Results from a Pilot Study of Physical Activity and the Built Environment

Community-wide efforts to encourage healthy behaviours must respond to the needs of existing neighbourhoods, especially those where low physical activity (PA) is associated with social, economic, and cultural challenges. This study reports on the effect of direct and snowball sampling strategies and financial incentive levels on the response rates of a built environment and PA survey in a predominately urban, low-SES new-immigrant community. Women residing in the Jane-Finch neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario were selected to participate by quasi-random sampling, yielding a response rate of 41.5%. The survey completion rate per contact attempt increased 2-fold when incentives were increased from $10 to $20 and a further threefold following the increase from $20 to $30. Snowball sampled respondents were older, less likely to have full-time employment, and had lower educational attainment than directly sampled participants. With appropriate incentives, face-to-face contact, and snowball sampling, survey-based research is feasible within a low-SES, high minority population.     

冠心病介入治疗后再狭窄机制的中西医研究进

近年来,随着临床经验的不断积累及手术装置的不断改善,经皮冠脉介入已发展成为一种成熟的介入性治疗手段,在临床上广泛应用,使得冠心病患者得到较好的治疗,但支架内再狭窄仍是经皮冠脉介入治疗后存在的主要问题,中西医防治再狭窄已成为一项关注的热点,为进一步认识该问题,作者就再狭窄的中西医机制进行探讨,以期为临床实践提供更多的思路。     

吉西他滨作用于肝癌HepG2细胞后对DR5、caspase-8、caspase-9和caspase-3表达的影响

目的 研究吉西他滨作用于HepG2细胞后DR5、caspase-8、caspase-9、caspase-3的表达,以期探讨吉西他滨诱导HepG2细胞凋亡的机制.方法 应用MTT法和流式细胞仪体外研究吉西他滨对HepG2细胞增殖的影响;采用免疫细胞化学及Western blot法,观察吉西他滨作用于HepG2细胞24 h后DR5、caspase-8、caspase-9、caspase 3的表达情况.结果 吉西他滨对肝癌HepG2细胞的抑制作用呈时间和浓度依赖性;吉西他滨作用于HepG2细胞24 h后,细胞表面DR5及caspase-8、caspase-9、caspase-3的表达均增强.结论 吉西他滨诱导肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡的机制可能与其能够上调DR5及caspase-8、caspase-9、caspase-3的表达有关.     

Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of Gefitinib in Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma

BackgroundEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as gefitinib and erlotinib, have high response and disease control rates in patients with central nervous system (CNS) metastases. However there have been only a few case reports on the penetration of gefitinib into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The aim of this study was to investigate the CSF concentration of gefitinib in Chinese patients with lung adenocarcinomas.MethodsFrom March 2007 to December 2010, 22 patients were sequentially enrolled in this study at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH). CSF and plasma samples were collected at the same time from each patient after at least 7 doses of gefitinib. The concentrations of gefitinib in the CSF and plasma were measured by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The clinical factors that may affect gefitinib penetration were analyzed.ResultsThe mean plasma and CSF concentrations of gefitinib were 491.8 ± 184.2 ng/mL and 6.2 ± 4.6 ng/mL, respectively, and the mean ratio of CSF-plasma concentration was 1.3% ± 0.7%. There was a good correlation between CSF and plasma gefitinib concentrations (R = 0.556, P = .006). The presence of CNS metastases was associated with increased gefitinib CSF penetration (1.46% vs. 0.95%; P = .042).ConclusionsThe concentration of gefitinib in CSF was low, and it was significantly related to the plasma gefitinib concentration. Because of the inadequate CNS drug exposure, patients in whom the extracranial lesions were well controlled may benefit from increasing gefitinib dose for the new intracranial lesions.     

胃癌干样细胞向内皮细胞分化的研究

目的:研究胃癌肿瘤干样细胞(cancer stem like cells,CSLC)向内皮细胞的分化,以期发现抗肿瘤血管治疗新靶点,并降低抗血管靶向治疗的耐药性。方法:用长春新碱(VCR)筛选胃癌低分化腺癌SGC7901细胞系,加生长因子无血清培养的方法诱导胃癌CSLC,并对其在血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)的刺激下向内皮细胞分化的生物学行为进行观察。结果:成功诱导绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)标记的胃癌CSLC。Western blot、immunofluorescence检测证实:内皮细胞的分子标记物CD31,CD34在经血管内皮细胞生长因子刺激后的CS-LC中呈阳性表达。成管实验结果显示CSLC在内皮环境中培养后较SGC7901细胞和无刺激的CSLC具有明显的成管能力。SGC7901和CSLC分别裸鼠皮下成瘤后,移植瘤免疫组化分析检测证实,肿瘤干样细胞移植瘤的组织切片用人源性血管内皮标志CD31、CD34抗体行免疫组化染色,可明确观察到人源性微血管形成。结论:胃癌CSLC具有向内皮分化的潜能;裸鼠移植瘤中含有人源性内皮细胞,提示胃癌CSLC可能参与胃癌肿瘤血管生成过程。     

河南省2011-2015年艾滋病哨点吸毒人群HCV感染状况及影响因素分析

目的 分析河南省艾滋病哨点吸毒人群HCV感染情况及影响因素,为制定防治策略提供依据。方法 2011-2015年,在哨点监测期(4-6月)内以重复横断面调查的方法对河南省吸毒人群进行问卷调查和血清学检测,分析该人群HCV感染情况及影响因素。结果 2011-2015年,河南省吸毒人群HCV感染率从2011年的3.70%上升到2015年的6.54%(趋势χ²=25.93,P<0.01)。多因素分析结果显示:年龄较高(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.13~1.35,P=0.00)、外省户籍(OR=3.45,95%CI:2.59~4.60,P=0.00)、传统毒品和混合毒品使用者(OR=1.46,95%CI:1.10~1.93,P=0.01;OR=1.82,95%CI:1.18~2.81,P=0.01)、有注射毒品史(OR=2.88, 95%CI:2.45~3.39,P=0.00)、最近一年有商业性行为史(OR=1.44,95%CI:1.20~1.72,P=0.00)、来自强制戒毒所和美沙酮门诊的吸毒人员(OR=1.79,95%CI:1.28~2.50,P=0.00;OR=1.74, 95%CI:1.17~2.58,P=0.01)是感染HCV的危险因素。结论 河南省吸毒人群HCV抗体阳性率较高,且呈上升趋势,应加强对吸毒人群的监管,制定有效干预措施,控制HCV的传播。     

中药治疗黄疸研究进展

作者通过查阅国内外近年来大量相关文献,对中药治疗黄疸的文献报道进行分析和归纳,综述了近十年有关中药治疗黄疸的研究进展。中药治疗黄疸主要方法有口服、注射、灌肠、熏蒸及中西医联合用药等,而中药治疗黄疸与常规西医联合治疗,可加速降低血胆红素水平,缩短治疗时间,疗效显著。     

天南星科有毒中药及炮制品的药效比较研究

目的:比较天南星科常用有毒中药(半夏、天南星、白附子)及其炮制品的主要药效。方法:采用小鼠氨水致咳实验和气管酚红排泌实验观察各药的镇咳祛痰作用,采用小鼠热板法和醋酸扭体实验观察各药的镇痛作用,采用小鼠自主活动实验和小鼠药物惊厥实验比较镇静抗惊厥作用。结果:与空白组比较,半夏、天南星、白附子(剂量均为4g/kg)均能显著减少小鼠的咳嗽次数,半夏及天南星能不同程度延长小鼠咳嗽潜伏期,半夏、天南星及制天南星能增加小鼠气管酚红排泌量,各药以姜半夏镇咳祛痰作用更为显著;半夏、天南星、白附子对热刺激引起的小鼠痛阈值没有明显影响,但三药及炮制品均能显著减少由醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应次数;半夏、天南星、白附子都能明显减少小鼠自发活动次数,天南星、白附子能延长3%尼可刹米诱发小鼠惊厥的发作潜伏期,其中生天南星还能延长惊厥小鼠的死亡时间。结论:天南星科半夏、天南星、白附子3味中药化痰止咳、镇静抗惊厥作用各有侧重,炮制对各药材的影响因作用而有别。     

种植体血管化髂骨移植修复下颌骨缺损一例报道

应用显微外科与种植外科技术为一例下颌骨造釉细胞瘤患者在切除肿瘤后即刻行吻合血管、髂骨游离移植并同时行种植体植入术。术后经一年的临床随访及定期摄X光片观察，移植骨生长良好，种植体与移植骨间骨性结合．无明显射线透射区。术后八月进行义齿修复，功能仍好。作者认为该方法为下颌骨缺损后功能重建的一个良好方法。