32种中草药提取物体外抗骨肉瘤作用的筛选

目的对32种巾草药进行初步抗骨肉瘤的体外筛选实验，为中药标准化和治疗骨肉瘤提供依据。方法应用MTT法测定各中药提取物对U2OS细胞株增殖活性的影响，检测其抑制骨肉瘤细胞的剂量效应关系：应用形态学观察、FCM及AnnexinV法测定筛选m的中药水提取物对U2OS细胞的凋亡作用。结果32种中草药提取物中蟾酥、牛胆粉等对骨肉瘤U2OS细胞株具有增殖抑制作用，深入研究表明蟾酥、牛胆粉水提取物对U2OS细胞具有促进凋亡作用，其中以蟾酥促进凋广作朋最为明瞳：结论通过对32种中草药进行筛选，发现蟾酥、牛胆粉等对骨肉瘤细胞株U20S的增殖有抑制作用，为进一步开展抗骨肉瘤中草约有效成分的筛选及体内动物研究提供实验依据。     

小儿穿孔性阑尾炎50例诊治体会

作者总结50例小儿穿孔性阑尾炎诊治经验,指出小儿阑尾炎易误诊,主要由于早期临床表现不典型,以不明原因发热、呕吐多见。反复查体、诊断性腹穿、实验室检查、B超检查等综合应用可减少误诊。确诊后,应早期手术。     

实验性氟中毒大鼠脊髓前角神经元的酶细胞化学研究

目的：探讨慢性氟中毒对神经元某些酶类的影响,为氟中毒脊髓病临床症状产生的机理提供形态学依据。方法：采用生后４０日龄Ｗｉｓｔａｒ系雄性大鼠,以喂饲高氟１００ｐｐｍ／Ｌ水的方法制造慢性氟中毒模型。对其脊髓前角运动神经元的镁激活腺苷三磷酸酶（Ａｄｅｎｏｓｉｎｅｔｒｉｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔａｓｅ,ＡＴＰａｓｅ）,硫胺素焦磷酸酶（Ｔｈｉａｍｉｎｅｐｙ－ｒｏｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔａｓｅ,ＴＰＰａｓｅ）,乙酰胆碱酯酶（Ａｃｅｔｙｌｃｈｏｌｉｎｅｓｔｅｒａｓｅ,ＡＣｈＥ）及胆碱乙酰化酶（Ｃｈｏｌｉｎｅａｃｅｔｙｌｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒａｓｅ,ＣｈＡｃ）进行定性定量研究。结果：氟中毒组脊髓前角神经元的ＡＴＰａｓｅ,ＴＰＰａｓｅ及ＡＣｈＥ的活性明显降低,而ＣｈＡｃ的变化不明显。结论：慢性氟中毒对脊髓前角运动神经元的ＡＴＰａｓｅ,ＴＰＰａｓｅ及ＡＣｈＥ的活性有明显的影响,而对ＣｈＡｃ的影响不明显。     

膀胱移行细胞癌组织与尿沉渣细胞WWOX基因启动子甲基化相关性研究

目的探讨膀胱移行细胞癌组织与其对应尿沉渣细胞中氧化还原酶的WW结构域(WWOX)基因启动子区CpG岛的甲基化状态以及二者甲基化的相关性。方法应用甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应(MSP)检测54例膀胱癌患者手术切除的癌组织及尿沉渣细胞中WWOX基因启动子区甲基化状态。结果 54例膀胱癌患者癌组织中WWOX基因启动子区的甲基化率达35.2%,对应的尿沉渣细胞中甲基化率为29.6%,分别与各自对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且膀胱癌组织WWOX基因启动子区的甲基化和对应的尿沉渣细胞的甲基化存在明显的相关性(r=0.881,P<0.05)。不论是在癌组织还是尿沉渣细胞中,WWOX基因启动子区甲基化率随着癌组织分级的增加逐渐升高(P<0.05)。结论 WWOX基因启动子区的异常甲基化可能是膀胱癌的早期事件,尿沉渣细胞中WWOX基因启动子区的异常甲基化可能是膀胱癌早期诊断的分子标志物之一。     

白背叶中一个新的异戊烯基二氢黄酮

目的对大戟科植物白背叶Mallotusapelta的叶进行化学成分研究。方法原料的乙醇浸出物,用各种柱色谱进行分离和纯化,所得化合物以理化性质和波谱数据进行鉴定。结果分得5个化合物,分别鉴定为蒲公英赛醇(Ⅰ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅱ)、5,7-二羟基-6-异戊烯基-4′-甲氧基二氢黄酮(Ⅲ)、洋芹素(Ⅳ)、洋芹素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅴ)。结论化合物为新化合物,命名为白背叶素(mallotusin),化合物Ⅰ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ为首次从白背叶中分得。关键词:白背叶;蒲公英赛醇;5,7-二羟基-6-异戊烯基-4′-甲氧基二氢黄酮;洋芹素;洋芹素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷     

磁共振弥散加权成像对胃癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值

目的探讨术前磁共振弥散加权成像（DWI）对胃癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值。方法对2011年12月至2012年12月间南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院收治的52例胃癌患者进行磁共振DWI检查．对应术中标记的淋巴结,分别测量淋巴结的表观扩散系数（ADC）值及短径,并与术后病理结果相对照。采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）评价ADC值及短径对胃癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值。结果DWI检测到转移性淋巴结180枚,非转移性淋巴结57枚,均为高信号。DWI上转移性淋巴结ADC值明显低于非转移性淋巴结[（1．059±0．196）×10^-3mm2／s比（1．402±0．285）×10^-3mm2／s,P=0．000];以1．189×10^-3mm2／s作为ADC值评估转移性淋巴结的最佳阈值,其敏感度、特异度和曲线下面积（AUC）分别为78．9％、72．8％和0．840,其对术前N分期诊断的总体准确率为75．0％（39／52）。DWI上转移性淋巴结短径明显长于非转移性淋巴结[（8．08±3．99）mm比（6．75±2．70）mm,P=0．005];以5．05mm作为淋巴结短径评估转移性淋巴结的最佳阈值时,其敏感度、特异度和AUC分别为88．3％、29．8％和0．602,其对术前N分期诊断的总体准确率为67．3％（35／52）。结论磁共振DWI对胃癌淋巴结转移具有较高的诊断价值,以ADC值及淋巴结短径作为诊断标准可用于术前N分期的诊断。     

PPH治疗重度脱垂痔97例临床观察

为观察吻合器痔上黏膜环切钉合术（PPH）治疗重度脱垂痔的临床效果，回顾性分析PPH治疗重度脱垂痔97例的临床资料。结果显示，97例中．内痔脱出、嵌顿、出血、便秘等症状消失。术后随访3～12个月，无复发，无肛门狭窄、大便失禁等并发症。结果表明，PPH治疗重度脱垂痔疗效确切、安全，具有手术与住院时间短．愈合快，痛苦小。不易复发等优点。     

体外共培养hBMSCs和HUVECs对Panc-1胰腺癌细胞上皮间质转化的影响

目的:利用三维共培养技术体外构建含多种细胞的胰腺癌微组织,研究骨髓间充质干细胞(hBMSCs)、内皮细胞(HUVECs)对Panc-1胰腺癌细胞上皮间质转化的影响。方法:水凝胶复合细胞培养构建三维胰腺癌微组织模型。第一组:单纯Panc-1细胞;第二组:Panc-1细胞复合HUVECs;第三组:Panc-1细胞复合hBMSCs;第四组:Panc-1细胞复合HUVECs和hBMSCs。实时定量PCR分析胰腺癌肿瘤侵袭相关的基质金属蛋白酶(MMP-9)、肿瘤上皮间质化E-cadherin和Snail基因。Western blot测定胰腺癌肿瘤侵袭相关的MMP-9、肿瘤上皮间质化E-cadherin和Snail蛋白。结果:HUVECs共培养不影响MMP-9、E-cadherin和Snail基因和蛋白的表达(P>0.05),hBMSCs共培养促进MMP-9和Snail基因和蛋白的表达、抑制E-cadherin基因和蛋白的表达(P<0.05),同时加入两种细胞促进MMP-9和Snail基因和蛋白的表达、抑制E-cadherin基因和蛋白的表达(P<0.05)。结论:利用水凝胶为载体,加入骨髓间充质干细胞、内皮细胞与Panc-1胰腺癌细胞共培养,成功构建复杂的胰腺癌肿瘤微组织。通过对胰腺癌上皮间质转化相关机制研究,发现骨髓间充质干细胞通过调节MMP-9和上皮间质化对胰腺癌的侵袭行为起重要作用。     

Predictors and outcomes of jejunostomy tube placement at the time of pancreatoduodenectomy

BackgroundClinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula and delayed gastric emptying cause substantial morbidity after pancreatoduodenectomy. Per international guidelines, the placement of jejunostomy tubes may be considered for patients at risk for malnutrition, such as those with a high risk for clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula and related complications. This study determined predictors and postoperative outcomes of jejunostomy tube placement.MethodsPatients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy in 2014 to 2015 were identified using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and Procedure-Targeted Pancreatectomy Participant Use Files. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with concurrent jejunostomy tube placement and postoperative outcomes.ResultsOf 3,600 patients, 8.9% underwent jejunostomy tube placement. Patients given a jejunostomy tube were more likely white (odds ratio 1.46, P = .016), to have low preoperative serum albumin levels (odds ratio 2.13, P < .001), to have received neoadjuvant radiotherapy (odds ratio 2.14, P < .001), and to have received an intraoperative transfusion (odds ratio 1.50, P = .004). We observed no association between jejunostomy tube placement and an increasing number of risk factors for clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (P = .96) or delayed gastric emptying (P = .54). Overall, jejunostomy tube placement was associated with increased morbidity (odds ratio 1.34, P = .020) and duration of stay (P < .001), but not mortality (P = .12). Among patients with low serum albumin or those who developed clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula or delayed gastric emptying, jejunostomy tube utilization was not associated with morbidity or mortality.ConclusionJejunostomy tube placement during pancreatoduodenectomy was not driven by risk factors for clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula or delayed gastric emptying, suggesting that practice patterns play a role. Among patients with at-risk preoperative albumin or who developed these complications, jejunostomy tube placement was not associated with worse outcomes, supporting selective utilization per guideline recommendations.     

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-12 Alleviates Inflammation and Colon Cancer Symptoms in AOM/DSS-Treated Mice through Modulating the Intestinal Microbiome and Metabolome

In our previous research, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-12 alleviated inflammation in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mice by regulating intestinal microbiota and preventing colon shortening (p < 0.05). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether L. plantarum-12 could ameliorate the colon cancer symptoms of azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice. The results showed that L. plantarum-12 alleviated colonic shortening (from 7.43 ± 0.15 to 8.23 ± 0.25) and weight loss (from 25.92 ± 0.21 to 27.75 ± 0.88) in AOM/DSS-treated mice. L. plantarum-12 oral administration down-regulated pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α (from 350.41 ± 15.80 to 247.72 ± 21.91), IL-8 (from 322.19 ± 11.83 to 226.08 ± 22.06), and IL-1β (111.43 ± 8.14 to 56.90 ± 2.70) levels and up-regulated anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 (from 126.08 ± 24.92 to 275.89 ± 21.87) level of AOM/DSS-treated mice. L. plantarum-12 oral administration restored the intestinal microbiota dysbiosis of the AOM/DSS treated mice by up-regulating beneficial Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Bifidobacteriaceae levels and down-regulating pathogenic Proteobacteria, Desulfovibrionaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae levels. As a result, the fecal metabolites of the AOM/DSS-treated mice were altered, including xanthosine, uridine, 3,4-methylenesebacic acid, 3-hydroxytetradecanedioic acid, 4-hydroxyhexanoylglycine, beta-leucine, and glycitein, by L. plantarum-12 oral administration. Furthermore, L. plantarum-12 oral administration significantly ameliorated the colon injury of the AOM/DSS-treated mice by enhancing colonic tight junction protein level and promoting tumor cells death via down-regulating PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and up-regulating pro-apoptotic Bax. (p < 0.05). Taken together, L. plantarum-12 oral administration could ameliorate the colon cancer burden and inflammation of AOM-DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice through regulating the intestinal microbiota, manipulating fecal metabolites, enhancing colon barrier function, and inhibiting NF-κB signaling. These results suggest that L. plantarum-12 might be an excellent probiotic candidate for the prevention of colon cancer.