Radiology 2012: radiology and radiologists a decade hence--a strategic analysis for radiology from the second annual American College of Radiology FORUM

The American College of Radiology (ACR) FORUM brings together a multidisciplinary group of experts in a subject area that the ACR believes to be of long-term importance to the specialty of radiology. The goals of the FORUM are to develop scenarios about the way the future might develop with respect to the chosen topic and to advise both the ACR and the specialty on steps that should be taken to maximize the value and influence of radiology in the future. In May 2002, the FORUM brought together radiologists, health services researchers, specialists in medical technologies, representatives of the imaging industry, and payers to discuss the key drivers of the way medical imaging will develop over the next 10 years.     

产后出血的预防和处理指南

目的:为产后出血(PPH)的预防和临床处理作一综述,为临床医师提供预防和处理产后出血的指南。涉及方面:预防、适当干预、使其影响最小化的方法。结果:建立常规,便于临床医师鉴别可能的高危人群,一旦发生产后过多出血,可指导临床如何迅速处理。证据:遵循加拿大定期健康检查办公室制定的证据等级。评估:由产科专家完善。利弊和成本:评估子宫收缩药和其他积极处理措施的方便性、正确性、有效性和安全性。建议:根据证据的等级,本指南分等级列出了12条建议。确认:按照MeSH词表推荐的postpartum haemorrhage在medline上查询相关文献,在Cochrane图书馆查找相关研究文献,并参考the ALARMcourse Manual。发起人:由产科临床实践委员会制定和综述,并由SOGC(加拿大妇产科协会)委员会批准。     

The natural history of simple renal cysts: a preliminary study

We examined the natural history of simple renal cysts in 59 patients followed periodically with renal ultrasonography. Using the parameters of cyst diameter and number we grouped the patients according to the differing natural history of the cystic lesions. The results indicate that simple cysts tend to progress in number rather than size. Furthermore, 3 patients had independent solid or complex lesions. The only patient explored had an adenocarcinoma of the kidney. Periodic reevaluation of patients with an ultrasonic diagnosis of simple renal cyst warrants serious consideration.     

Blocked B cell differentiation and emigration support the early growth of Myc-induced lymphomas.

Avian leukosis virus induces lymphoma in chickens after proviral integration within the c-Myc gene, and subsequent expansion of Myc-overexpressing lymphocytes within transformed bursal follicles. The clonal expansion of these follicles allowed us to examine how Myc influences cell differentiation, growth, and apoptosis in lymphoid progenitors soon after the onset of Myc overexpression. Immunohistochemical analysis of developmental markers established that Myc overexpression consistently blocks lymphocyte differentiation at a late embryonic stage. Myc-transformed follicles also grow much more rapidly than normal follicles. This rapid growth is not mediated by suppression of apoptosis, as normal and Myc-transformed follicles showed similar rates of cell death by TUNEL immunohistochemical analysis of cells undergoing DNA degradation. Measurements of DNA synthesis and mitotic index showed modest effects of Myc to increase lymphocyte proliferation, as normal lymphocytes already divide rapidly. The major mechanism mediating rapid growth of transformed follicles instead involved failure of myc-overexpressing lymphocytes to emigrate from transformed follicles, while normal lymphocytes actively emigrate after hatching, as measured by BrdU pulse-chase labeling and immunohistochemical measurements. This failure to undergo the normal program of differentiation and subsequent bursal retention of lymphocytes accounts for most of the growth of transformed follicles, while Myc-induced proliferation makes a smaller contribution.