Hepatic capillariasis

The clinico-pathologic features of Capillaria hepatica infection in a 27-year-old Nigerian woman are discussed. This animal parasite has been encountered only rarely in humans. Less than 30 cases of human infection, mostly in children, having been recorded as far as the present authors are aware. This is the first case of hepatic capillariasis reported in West Africa. The pathologic features of this patient is marked by severe hepatic fibrosis, and this is correlated with disordered liver function. The possibility of histopathologic confusion with schistosomiasis mansoni is discussed.     

彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断肺心病的临床价值

目的：阐述彩色多普勒超声心动图（CDE）诊断肺心病的临床价值。方法：通过CDE对临床上拟诊的肺心病患者进行肺动脉高压（PH）定性、定量的诊断、并观测由PH继发引起心脏在CDE上的异常改变。结果：CDE测定PH44例（88％）,其肺动脉收缩压（SPAP）＞36mmHg,6例（32mmHg≤SPAP＜36mmHg,确诊CPM的临床符合率665（50／76）。结论作为无创性诊技术,CDE估测PH或诊断CPM准确简便,重复性强,对于指导临床治疗意义重大。     

不良妊娠TORCH感染分析

目的　为了了解不良妊娠中TORCH感染的影响。方法　应用酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)对 31例不良妊娠及 43例正常妊娠的孕妇进行TORCH感染监测。结果　两组感染率最高均为CMV ,其次为HSVⅠ 。两组相比CMV有极显著性差异 (P <0 .0 0 5 ) ;HSVⅠ 有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。两组IgG检出率最高均为CMV ,分别为 96 .77%及 6 9.77% ,最低均为TOXO ,分别为 2 .9%、9.3% ;两组的IgM检出率最高均为CMV ,分别为 35 .48%、16 .2 8%。两组易感染率最高均为TOXO。结论　CMV、HSVⅠ 是本地区TORCH感染中对妊娠影响最大的病原体 ,二者均为性传播疾病 ,对其危害不容忽视     

共刺激分子B7在肾细胞癌的表达及意义

目的：检测Ｂ７基因在肾细胞癌的表达及其与肾细胞癌分级、分期及预后的关系。方法：本文应用ＲＴＰＣＲ和免疫组织化学技术检测了２２例肾细胞癌组织Ｂ７的表达。结果：ＲＴＰＣＲ５例阳性,免疫组化４例阳性,Ｂ７ｍＲＮＡ表达与肾癌病理分级、分期无关系;病理切片ＨＥ染色显示,Ｂ７阳性肿瘤组织内淋巴细胞浸润明显增多。结论：表达Ｂ７的肿瘤组织局部抗肿瘤免疫反应增强,提示Ｂ７表达可能与肿瘤预后有关。大部分泌尿系肿瘤不表达Ｂ７,为转Ｂ７基因治疗泌尿系肿瘤提供了理论依据。     

Inhaled insulin

Inhalation of regular insulin for meal time glucose control has been found to be safe, efficacious and reliable in Type I and Type II diabetics. The administration of regular insulin through the human lungs by inhalation has been conducted in at least 14 short studies in both normal and diabetic subjects beginning as early as 1925. In all studies, significant insulin absorption and lowering of blood glucose was observed in the absence of penetration enhancers. Although a concern of variable dosing was raised in early studies, the development of new reproducible delivery systems has ensured that the variability of aerosol insulin can be as good, if not better, than subcutaneous (SC) injection. In the longest controlled studies in humans to date, both Type I and Type II insulin-dependent diabetics used a novel inhaled dry powder insulin delivery system for 3 months for meal time glucose control. The study results indicate that inhaled insulin provides equivalent glucose control, measured by hemoglobin A1c, when directly compared to SC injection. Interim results from an additional study with Type II diabetics who were failing oral hypoglycemic agents suggest that adjunctive therapy with inhaled insulin markedly improved glycemic control with a low risk of hypoglycemia. In all the 3 month studies the system was efficacious, well tolerated, well liked, and resulted in reproducible results. A potential advantage of aerosol insulin is that it is more rapidly absorbed (serum peak at 5-60 min) and cleared than SC injection (peak at 60-150 min), which provides a more relevant and convenient therapy for meal time glucose control. The relative efficiency of insulin delivery by aerosol, compared to SC injection, has been estimated from the dose measured at the exit point of the aerosol device, and found to range between 8 and 25% of SC, depending on the study.     

蒙药忠论-5胶囊总生物碱测定及其体外溶出度研究

目的 考察蒙药忠伦-5胶囊中总生物碱含量及其体外溶出情况。方法 以苦参碱为对照品，利用酸性染料比色法测定总生物碱；以水为介质，用转篮法考察其体外溶出度。结果 含量测定方法精密度为RSD＝1．89％，平均回收率为100．89％，RSD＝3．49％。；苦参总生物碱相对累积溶出度与溶出时间相关显著(P＜0．01)，T50＝24min，Td＝31min，m＝1．32。结论 用上法测定总生物碱含量及体外溶出度，对评估忠伦-5胶囊质量有实用价值。     

A prospective trial of short‐fractionation radiotherapy for the palliation of liver metastases

The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the effectiveness and tolerability of a simple radiotherapy technique for the palliation of symptomatic liver metastases. Twenty‐eight patients with symptomatic liver metastases were enrolled from seven centres, and received targeted (partial or whole) liver irradiation consisting of 10 Gy in two fractions over 2 days. Symptoms at baseline were hepatic pain (27 patients), abdominal distension (19), night sweats (12), nausea (18) and vomiting (eight). Twenty‐two patients (76%) had failed previous treatment with chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and/or high‐dose steroids. Symptoms and potential toxicities were prospectively assessed at the time of treatment, then 2, 6 and 10 weeks later. Individual symptom response rates were 53?66% at 2 weeks. Partial or complete global symptomatic responses were noted in 15 patients (54%) overall. The treatment was well tolerated with two patients (7%) experiencing grade 3 toxicity (one vomiting and one diarrhoea); however, four patients reported temporary worsening of pain shortly after treatment. This simple and well‐tolerated treatment achieves useful palliation.     

Aberrant crypt focus promotion and glucose intolerance: correlation in the rat across diets differing in fat, n-3 fatty acids and energy

McKeown-Eyssen (Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prevent., 3, 687-695, 1994) and Giovannucci (Cancer Causes Control, 6, 164-179, 1995), noting the striking similarity in lifestyle risk factors for colorectal cancer and insulin resistance, proposed that the hyperinsulinemia, glycemia and hypertriglyceridemia associated with insulin resistance promotes colon cancer. To compare the effect of diet on colon cancer promotion and insulin resistance in the F344 rat, we assessed the effect of fat, n-3 fatty acids and energy in pairwise comparisons on average size of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and on glucose intolerance in the same animals in a single experiment. Diets high in fat and energy increased and diets with increased n-3 fatty acids and calorie restriction decreased both ACF growth and glucose intolerance compared with control diets. The measures of promotion of colon cancer and insulin resistance were strongly correlated (n = 98, r = 0.67, P < 0.001). In addition, both were highly correlated with daily energy intake (r = 0.62 and 0.66) and were also correlated with basal (post-prandial) insulin, glucose and triglycerides (r = 0.31-0.53, P < 0.01). We concluded that ACF growth and glucose intolerance are correlated for a wide range of diets and that increased circulating energy (glucose and triglycerides) may lead to both colon cancer promotion and insulin resistance.      

多非替利衍生物CPU 228(V03)对大鼠心室肌细胞钙瞬变的调节

目的在β-受体激动情况下,研究多非替利衍生物CPU 228对电刺激触发心肌细胞的胞浆Ca2+浓度([Ca2+]i)变化及钙瞬变动力学参数的影响.方法游离单个大鼠心室肌细胞,Fluo-3/AM负载,电刺激诱发心室肌细胞钙瞬变,定量测定心室肌细胞内Ca2+浓度变化,异丙肾上腺素(isoproterenol, ISO)100nmol·L-1激动β-受体,观察CPU 228 1 μmol·L-1对钙瞬变动力学参数、[Ca2+]i及钙负荷水平的影响.结果CPU 228 1 μmol·L-1对大鼠心室肌细胞[Ca2+]i的影响不明显(P>0.05);ISO 100 nmol·L-1显著升高大鼠心室肌细胞[Ca2+]i和细胞内钙负荷水平,缩短钙瞬变时程,并且增加钙瞬变的消除速率.CPU 228 1 μmol·L-1显著抑制ISO的上述作用.结论在β-受体激动情况下,CPU 228可以降低心肌细胞[Ca2+]i,使ISO改变的钙瞬变动力学参数恢复到正常水平.     

乌贼墨对小鼠脾细胞和巨噬细胞NO生成及 IFN-γ分泌水平的影响

目的：探讨乌贼墨对脾细胞和巨噬细胞NO生成及IFN-γ分泌的影响。方法：用Griess法和ELISA法分别检测了经乌贼墨灌胃处理后小鼠脾细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞培养上清中NO和IFN-γ的水平的变化。结果：乌贼墨灌胃处理小鼠后的第4、6天脾细胞及腹腔巨噬细胞(Mφ)可产生较高水平的NO；脾细胞可产生较高水平的IFN-γ，并且小鼠脾细胞NO的产生水平与IFN-γ产生水平呈正相关(r=0．98)；用LPS和L-NMMA(NO抑制剂)分别同乌贼墨灌胃第6d小鼠的脾细胞一起培养，结果显示LPS可协同IFN-γ促NO水平升高。L-NMMA可抑制小鼠脾细胞的NO生成。结论：乌贼墨可促进巨噬细胞NO生成；脾细胞NO的产生与IFN-γ分泌水平呈正相关。