非相关成分参比一倍率导数光谱法测定制剂中甲氧苄啶和磺胺甲(口恶)唑

提出了非相关成分参比一倍率导数光谱法用于测定混合组分体系的基本原理和实验方法。本法可用于待测成分和非相关成分导数光谱严重重叠且待测成分含量较低时的不经分离直接测定。试用本法消除了甲氧苄啶(TMP)和磺胺甲嚼唑(SMZ)及附加剂之间的相互干扰,从而测定了部分制剂中的TMP:用“零交法”测定了SMZ,平均回收率分别为:102.5±1.63%(CV)和100.3±0.99%(CV)。     

Secular trends in breastfeeding and parental smoking

To explore the association between smoking and breastfeeding, we obtained data from a retrospective questionnaire-based national survey comprising a random sample (n = 34 799) of all mothers giving birth in Norway 1970-91. Variables studied were postpartum smoking habits for both parents, duration of breastfeeding, infant's year of birth and parental age. The response rate was 70% (n = 24 438). During the study period, the maternal postpartum smoking prevalence decreased from 38% to 26%. The proportion breastfeeding at 6 months increased from 15% to 44% among smokers, and from 30% to 72% among non-smokers. In spite of a considerable increase in breastfeeding both among smokers and non-smokers, the proportion of breastfeeding, non-smoking women at 6 months was twice that of smoking women during the whole period. Furthermore, the duration of breastfeeding was shorter among young mothers and when the fathers were smoking. There was epidemiological evidence that the effect on breastfeeding of smoking might represent both biological and social mechanisms.     

Immunogenicity and safety of a combination of two serogroup B meningococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccines

MenBvac and MeNZB are safe and efficacious vaccines against serogroup B meningococcal disease. MenBvac is prepared from a B:15:P1.7,16 meningococcal strain (strain 44/76), and MeNZB is prepared from a B:4:P1.7-2,4 strain (strain NZ98/254). At 6-week intervals, healthy adults received three doses of MenBvac (25 microg), MeNZB (25 microg), or the MenBvac and MeNZB (doses of 12.5 microg of each vaccine) vaccines combined, followed by a booster 1 year later. Two-thirds of the subjects who received a monovalent vaccine in the primary schedule received the other monovalent vaccine as a booster dose. The immune responses to the combined vaccine were of the same magnitude as the homologous responses to each individual vaccine observed. At 6 weeks after the third dose, 77% and 87% of the subjects in the combined vaccine group achieved serum bactericidal titers of > or = 4 against strains 44/76 and NZ98/254, respectively, and 97% and 93% of the subjects achieved a fourfold or greater increase in opsonophagocytic activity against strains 44/76 and NZ98/254, respectively. For both strains, a trend of higher responses after the booster dose was observed in all groups receiving at least one dose of the respective strain-specific vaccine. Local and systemic reactions were common in all vaccine groups. Most reactions were mild or moderate in intensity, and there were no vaccine-related serious adverse events. The safety profile of the combined vaccine was not different from those of the separate monovalent vaccines. In conclusion, use of either of the single vaccines or the combination of MenBvac and MeNZB may have a considerable impact on the serogroup B meningococcal disease situation in many countries.     

鼠尾静脉流体力学转染技术对绿色荧光蛋白表达质粒器官靶向分布的影响

目的:观察流体力学尾静脉注射对绿色荧光蛋白基因器官靶向性的影响,为今后质粒载体的基因治疗和功能研究寻找潜在的靶器官。方法:实验于2005-12/2006-04在江西省分子医学重点实验室完成。选用健康雄性昆明鼠40只,将32只小鼠按随机数字表法分为流体力学注射和常规注射两大组,每大组再分为转染组和对照组两个小组(n=8),并设正常对照组(n=8)。①流体力学转染组将100μg/只绿色荧光蛋白表达质粒溶液2mL在5s内快速注入尾静脉;对照组仅在5s内注入林格氏液2mL。②常规注射组则将2mL林格氏液或绿色荧光蛋白表达质粒溶液在30s左右注入尾静脉。注射结束后24h采集各组小鼠血清检测转氨酶,并采集肝、脾、心、肾、肺和脑组织进行冰冻切片,部分肝组织采用多聚甲醛固定后切片,荧光显微镜下观察。结果:40只小鼠全部进入结果分析,无脱失。①流体力学注射组和常规注射组小鼠血清转氨酶与正常对照组比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。②常规尾静脉注射引起少数肾小球细胞表达绿色荧光蛋白,而肝、脾、心、肺及脑等组织未见明显绿色荧光蛋白表达。③流体力学注射引起肝内绿色荧光蛋白高水平表达,肝细胞表达率接近45%,其他组织则无绿色荧光蛋白表达。结论:流体力学方法是肝靶向性的活体基因转染方法,绿色荧光蛋白可作为该方法进行目的基因研究的一个可靠和方便的示踪剂。     

Hyaluronan-dependent motility of B cells and leukemic plasma cells in blood, but not of bone marrow plasma cells, in multiple myeloma: alternate use of receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM) and CD44

We investigated the ability of blood B cells, bone marrow (BM) plasma cells, and terminal leukemic plasma cells (T-PCL) from patients with multiple myeloma (MM) to migrate on extracellular matrix proteins. Hyaluronan (HA), but not collagen type I, collagen type IV, or laminin, promoted migration of MM blood B cells, as determined by time-lapse video microscopy. Between 13% and 20% of MM blood B cells migrated on HA with an average velocity of 19 micron/min, and greater than 75% of MM blood B cells exhibited vigorous cell movement and plasma membrane deformation, as did circulating T-PCL and extraskeletal plasma cells from patients with MM. In contrast, plasma cells obtained from BM of patients with MM lacked motility on all substrates tested and did not exhibit cell membrane protrusions or cellular deformation. MM blood B cells and MM plasma cells from all sources examined expressed the HA- binding receptors receptor for HA-mediated motility (RHAMM) and CD44. On circulating MM B cells, both RHAMM and CD44 participated in HA- binding, indicating their expression ex vivo in an activated conformation. In contrast, for the majority of BM plasma cells in the majority of patients with MM, expression of RHAMM or CD44 was not accompanied by HA binding. A minority of patients did have HA-binding BM plasma cells, involving both RHAMM and CD44, as evidenced by partial blocking with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to RHAMM or to CD44. Despite HA binding by both RHAMM and CD44, migration of MM blood B cells on HA was inhibited by anti-RHAMM but not by anti-CD44 MoAbs, indicating that RHAMM but not CD44 mediates motility on HA. Thus, circulating B and plasma cells in MM exhibit RHAMM- and HA-dependent motile behavior indicative of migratory potential, while BM plasma cells are sessile. We speculate that a subset(s) of circulating B or plasma cells mediates malignant spread in myeloma.     

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and other malignancies in patients with hemophilia

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is the most common human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated malignancy in hemophiliacs. We studied the incidence and clinicopathologic features of NHL in 3,041 hemophiliacs followed at 18 US Hemophilia Centers between 1978 and 1989. Of the 1,295 (56.6%) who were HIV(+), 253 (19.5%) developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), of whom 14 (5.5%) developed NHL. Three NHL occurred in HIV(-) hemophiliacs, for a 36.5-fold greater risk in HIV(+) than HIV(-) hemophiliacs (P < .001). The NHL incidence rate was 29-fold greater than in the US population by Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) estimates (P < .001). Between 0 and 4 lymphomas have been observed per year between 1978 and 1989. At presentation 13 (92.9%) of the HIV(+) NHL were extranodal. Ten were stage IV, 1 stage II, and 3 stage IE. Ten (71.4%) were high-grade, 3 (21.4%) intermediate-grade, and 1 (7.1%) was a low-grade B-cell lymphoma. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA was detected in 36% by in situ hybridization, including one central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma. The mean CD4 cell count at NHL diagnosis was 64/mm3, the mean latency from initial HIV infection was estimated to be 59 months, and the median survival was 7 months. The incidence of basal cell carcinoma in HIV(+) hemophiliacs was 18.3-fold greater than in HIV(-) hemophiliacs (P < .001) and 11.4-fold greater than in the US population (P < .001). In conclusion, incidence rates of NHL and basal cell carcinoma in HIV(+) hemophiliacs are significantly increased over rates in HIV(-) hemophiliacs and over rates in the US population. Clinicopathologic presentation of NHL in HIV(+) hemophiliacs is similar to that in HIV(+) homosexual men.