全文获取类型
收费全文 | 178501篇 |
免费 | 1221篇 |
国内免费 | 10篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1167篇 |
儿科学 | 6707篇 |
妇产科学 | 3072篇 |
基础医学 | 17080篇 |
口腔科学 | 1588篇 |
临床医学 | 12779篇 |
内科学 | 31324篇 |
皮肤病学 | 731篇 |
神经病学 | 16831篇 |
特种医学 | 9006篇 |
外科学 | 29039篇 |
综合类 | 2339篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 18356篇 |
眼科学 | 2795篇 |
药学 | 9626篇 |
中国医学 | 648篇 |
肿瘤学 | 16642篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 54篇 |
2022年 | 96篇 |
2021年 | 156篇 |
2020年 | 95篇 |
2019年 | 157篇 |
2018年 | 22040篇 |
2017年 | 17450篇 |
2016年 | 19616篇 |
2015年 | 1033篇 |
2014年 | 940篇 |
2013年 | 968篇 |
2012年 | 7267篇 |
2011年 | 21290篇 |
2010年 | 18956篇 |
2009年 | 11654篇 |
2008年 | 19677篇 |
2007年 | 21875篇 |
2006年 | 748篇 |
2005年 | 2328篇 |
2004年 | 3496篇 |
2003年 | 4464篇 |
2002年 | 2614篇 |
2001年 | 266篇 |
2000年 | 407篇 |
1999年 | 171篇 |
1998年 | 221篇 |
1997年 | 214篇 |
1996年 | 96篇 |
1995年 | 105篇 |
1994年 | 109篇 |
1993年 | 70篇 |
1992年 | 47篇 |
1991年 | 90篇 |
1990年 | 129篇 |
1989年 | 85篇 |
1988年 | 58篇 |
1987年 | 44篇 |
1986年 | 28篇 |
1985年 | 41篇 |
1984年 | 30篇 |
1983年 | 33篇 |
1982年 | 32篇 |
1980年 | 39篇 |
1974年 | 24篇 |
1938年 | 60篇 |
1937年 | 25篇 |
1935年 | 22篇 |
1934年 | 30篇 |
1932年 | 56篇 |
1930年 | 46篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Mariam Taha Hesham Abdelbary F. Patrick Ross Alberto V. Carli 《Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine》2018,11(3):380-388
Purpose of Review
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication after total joint replacement. A main source for antibiotic tolerance and treatment failure is bacterial production of biofilm—a resilient barrier against antibiotics, immune system, and mechanical debridement. The purpose of this review is to explore some novel approaches to treat PJI and biofilm-related infections.Recent Findings
Innovative treatment strategies of bacterial and biofilm infections revolve around (a) augmenting current therapies, such as improving the delivery and efficiency of conventional antibiotics and enhancing the efficacy of antiseptics and (b) administrating completely new therapeutic modalities, such as using immunotherapy, nanoparticles, lytic bacteriophages, photodynamic therapy, novel antibiotics, and antimicrobial peptides.Summary
Several promising treatment strategies for PJI are available to be tested further. The next requirement for most of the novel treatments is reproducing their effects in clinically representative animal models of PJI against clinical isolates of relevant bacteria.992.
Benjamin F. Ricciardi Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan Elysia Masters Mark Ninomiya Charles C. Lee Edward M. Schwarz 《Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine》2018,11(3):389-400
Purpose of Review
The incidence of complications from prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is increasing, and treatment failure remains high. We review the current literature with a focus on Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis and biofilm, as well as treatment challenges, and novel therapeutic strategies.Recent Findings
S. aureus biofilm creates a favorable environment that increases antibiotic resistance, impairs host immunity, and increases tolerance to nutritional deprivation. Secreted proteins from bacterial cells within the biofilm and the quorum-sensing agr system contribute to immune evasion. Additional immunoevasive properties of S. aureus include the formation of staphylococcal abscess communities (SACs) and canalicular invasion. Novel approaches to target biofilm and increase resistance to implant colonization include novel antibiotic therapy, immunotherapy, and local implant treatments.Summary
Challenges remain given the diverse mechanisms developed by S. aureus to alter the host immune responses. Further understanding of these processes should provide novel therapeutic mechanisms to enhance eradication after PJI.993.
Purpose of review
Platelet-rich plasma has become an increasingly popular treatment option within the orthopedic community to biologically enhance and stimulate difficult-to-heal musculoskeletal tissues. This review evaluates the recent literature on platelet-rich plasma use in the treatment of foot and ankle pathologies.Recent findings
Recent literature has demonstrated platelet-rich plasma to have a possible benefit in the treatment of Achilles pathology, chronic plantar fasciitis, osteochondral lesions of the talus, ankle osteoarthritis, and diabetic foot ulcers. However, given the lack of standardization of platelet-rich plasma preparations and protocols and the predominance of low-quality studies, no definitive treatment indications exist.Summary
Platelet-rich plasma is a promising treatment option, but at present, there is only limited clinical evidence supporting its use in foot and ankle applications.994.
Samuel O. Ewalefo Malcolm Dombrowski Takashi Hirase Jorge L. Rocha Mitchell Weaver Alex Kline Dwayne Carney MaCalus V. Hogan 《Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine》2018,11(4):546-557
Purpose of Review
Trauma is the principle cause of osteoarthritis in the ankle, which is associated with significant morbidity. This review highlights the current literature for the purpose of bringing the reader up-to-date on the management of posttraumatic ankle arthritis, describing treatment efficacy, indications, contraindications, and complications.Recent Findings
Recent studies on osteoarthritis have demonstrated variability among anatomic locations regarding the mechanisms and rates of development for posttraumatic osteoarthritis, which are attributed to newly discovered biological differences intrinsic to each joint. Regarding surgical management of posttraumatic ankle arthritis, osteochondral allograft transplantation of the talus, and supramalleolar osteotomies have demonstrated promising results. Additionally, the outpatient setting was found to be appropriate for managing pain following total ankle arthroplasty, associated with low complication rates and no readmission.Summary
Management for posttraumatic ankle arthritis is generally progressive. Initial treatment entails nonpharmacologic options with surgery reserved for posttraumatic ankle arthritis refractory to conservative treatment. Patient demographics and lifestyles should be carefully considered when formulating a management strategy, as outcomes are dependent upon the satisfaction of each set of respective criteria. Ultimately, the management of posttraumatic ankle arthritis should be individualized to satisfy the needs and desires, which are specific to each patient.995.
Kian Setayesh Arturo Villarreal Andrew Gottschalk John M. Tokish W. Stephen Choate 《Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine》2018,11(4):635-642
Purpose of Review
This review discusses the current literature regarding the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of muscle strain injuries. Case series as well as experimental trials for both human and animal models are covered.Recent Findings
Multiple studies have examined outcomes for the use of PRP in the treatment of muscle strain injuries. PRP has been shown to promote muscle recovery via anabolic growth factors released from activated platelets, and in doing so, potentially reduces pain, swelling, and time for return to play.Summary
In vitro studies support the regenerative potential of PRP for acute soft tissue injuries. Multiple clinical case series for PRP injections in the setting of muscle strains demonstrate imaging evidence for faster healing, less swelling, which can decrease time for return to play. These studies, however, are retrospective in nature, and few randomized controlled studies exist to demonstrate a clear clinical benefit. Additionally, there is tremendous heterogeneity regarding the injectant preparation, optimum platelet concentration, presence of leukocytes, and volume of PRP which should be administered as well as number of and timing of treatments.996.
Stephanie L. Logterman Frank B. Wydra Rachel M. Frank 《Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine》2018,11(3):510-514
Purpose of Review
The purpose of this review is to present an in-depth look at the most recent literature regarding pertinent posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) anatomy and biomechanics.Recent Findings
The PCL is an important restraint of posterior tibial translation relative to the femur. In addition, the PCL acts as a secondary restraint to resist varus, valgus, and external rotation moments about the knee. While less common than ACL injuries, injuries to the PCL can occur from a posterior force directed on the tibia, most common with the knee in a flexed position.Summary
The PCL is composed of two functional bundles and has important implications for knee stability. The anterolateral and posteromedial bundles have different patterns of tensioning throughout knee range of motion. The two bundles therefore contribute to resisting posterior tibial translation and rotation at different angles of knee flexion.997.
Fiachra E. Rowan Matthew J. Donaldson Jurek R. Pietrzak Fares S. Haddad 《Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine》2018,11(3):370-379
Purpose of Review
In an era of increasing numbers of hip and knee replacements, strategies to manage prosthetic joint infection (PJI) that are effective at infection control with good patient-reported outcomes and cost containment for health systems are needed. Interest in single-stage exchange for PJI is rising and we assess evidence from the last 5 years related to this treatment strategy.Recent Findings
Only five series for total knee replacement and ten series for total hip replacement have been reported in the last five years. More review articles and opinion pieces have been written. Reinfection rates in these recent studies range from 0 to 65%, but a meta-analysis and systematic review of all studies showed a reinfection rate of 7.6% (95% CI 3.4–13.1) and 8.8% (95% CI 7.2–10.6) for single-stage and two-stage revisions respectively. There is emerging evidence to support single-stage revision in the setting of significant bony deficiency and atypical PJIs such as fungal infections.Summary
Prospective randomised studies are recruiting and are necessary to guide the direction of single-stage revision selection criteria. The onus of surgical excellence in mechanical removal of implants, necrotic tissue, and biofilms lies with the arthroplasty surgeon and must remain the cornerstone of treatment. Single-stage revision may be considered the first-line treatment for all PJIs unless the organism is unknown, the patient is systemically septic, or there is a poor tissue envelope.998.
999.
Purpose of Review
The role of retrograde hindfoot nailing in the treatment of acute orthopedic trauma is explored.Recent Findings
Tibio-talar calcaneal (TTC) nailing is an acceptable treatment alternative for the low-demand geriatric patient with peri-articular ankle trauma permitting immediate weight-bearing with low rates of complication and return to functionality. Hindfoot nailing can be used for limb salvage in the younger active patient; yet, joint-preserving reconstruction is preferred when feasible.Summary
Retrograde TTC nailing is a reliable option for hindfoot/distal tibia stabilization especially in the elderly frail population. Hindfoot nailing is reserved for a select subset of active patients when severity of bone, joint, and soft tissue injury are not amenable to more conventional reconstruction.1000.
Jean Bousquet Toni Dedeu Eve Dupas Jean-Louis Pépin Landry Stephane Zeng Eyindanga Sylvie Arnavielhe Julia Ayache Xavier Basagana Samuel Benveniste Nuria Calves Venturos Hing Kin Chan Mehdi Cheraitia Yves Dauvilliers Judith Garcia-Aymerich Ingrid Jullian-Desayes Chitra Dinesh Daniel Laune Jade Lu Dac Ismael Nujurally Giovanni Pau Robert Picard Xavier Rodo Renaud Tamisier Michael Bewick Nils E. Billo Wienczyslawa Czarlewski Joao Fonseca Ludger Klimek Oliver Pfaar Jean-Marc Bourez 《Clinical and translational allergy》2018,8(1):36
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is impacted by allergens and air pollution but interactions between air pollution, sleep and allergic diseases are insufficiently understood. POLLAR (Impact of air POLLution on sleep, Asthma and Rhinitis) is a project of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT Health). It will use a freely-existing application for AR monitoring that has been tested in 23 countries (the Allergy Diary, iOS and Android, 17,000 users, TLR8). The Allergy Diary will be combined with a new tool allowing queries on allergen, pollen (TLR2), sleep quality and disorders (TRL2) as well as existing longitudinal and geolocalized pollution data. Machine learning will be used to assess the relationship between air pollution, sleep and AR comparing polluted and non-polluted areas in 6 EU countries. Data generated in 2018 will be confirmed in 2019 and extended by the individual prospective assessment of pollution (portable sensor, TLR7) in AR. Sleep apnea patients will be used as a demonstrator of sleep disorder that can be modulated in terms of symptoms and severity by air pollution and AR. The geographic information system GIS will map the results. Consequences on quality of life (EQ-5D), asthma, school, work and sleep will be monitored and disseminated towards the population. The impacts of POLLAR will be (1) to propose novel care pathways integrating pollution, sleep and patients’ literacy, (2) to study sleep consequences of pollution and its impact on frequent chronic diseases, (3) to improve work productivity, (4) to propose the basis for a sentinel network at the EU level for pollution and allergy, (5) to assess the societal implications of the interaction. MASK paper N°32. 相似文献