Distribution of Avian Influenza A Viruses in Poultry-Related Environment and Its Association with Human Infection in Henan, 2016 to 2017

ObjectiveTo survey avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) in the environment and explore the reasons for the surge in human H7N9 cases.MethodsA total of 1,045 samples were collected from routine surveillance on poultry-related environments and 307 samples from human H7N9 cases-exposed environments in Henan from 2016 to 2017. The nucleic acids of influenza A (Flu A), H5, H7, and H9 subtypes were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsA total of 27 H7N9 cases were confirmed in Henan from 2016 to 2017, 24 had a history of live poultry exposure, and 15 had H7N9 virus detected in the related live poultry markets (LPMs). About 96% (264/275) Flu A positive-environmental samples were from LPMs. H9 was the main AIV subtype (10.05%) from routine surveillance sites with only 1 H7-positive sample, whereas 21.17% samples were H7-positive in H7N9 cases-exposed environments. Samples from H7N9 cases-exposed LPMs (47.56%) had much higher AIVs positive rates than those from routine surveillance sites (12.34%). The H7+H9 combination of mixed infection was 78.18% (43/55) of H7-positive samples and 41.34% (43/104) of H9-positive samples.ConclusionThe contamination status of AIVs in poultry-related environments is closely associated with the incidence of human infection caused by AIVs. Therefore, systematic surveillance of AIVs in LPMs in China is essential for the detection of novel reassortant viruses and their potential for interspecies transmission.     

基于荧光素酶生物发光检测方法的研究及其应用进展

生物发光现象广泛存在于自然界中,不管是在陆地或是海洋都有发光生物的踪迹。其中基于荧光素酶的生物发光系统被广泛研究,启发着人类在基因、表观遗传等方面进行探索,并且开发出一系列相关的检测方法,用于体内体外各方面研究。本文从生物发光系统、荧光素酶的种类以及荧光素酶生物发光检测方法的开发与应用这几个方面进行总结,简要概括近年来基于荧光素酶生物发光检测的研究进展。     

颅内髓外造血组织瘤样增生1例及文献复习

目的探讨髓外造血组织瘤样增生的临床表现、诊断及治疗方法. 方法髓外造血组织瘤样增生1例,经开颅手术切除,经病理学检查得以确诊. 结果随访至今近一年,患者未见复发,生活如常.结论颅内髓外造血组织瘤样增生是一种罕见的特殊的良性增生性病变,CT、MRI等可定位诊断,其定性诊断依赖于病理学检查.治疗学上除按原发病治疗外,大的颅内病变需手术切除.     

犬烟雾吸入性损伤早期肺洗出液灌注大鼠肺所致损伤的研究

目的　研究犬烟雾吸入性损伤早期肺洗出液的生物学活性。　方法　获取犬急性烟雾吸入性损伤早期肺洗出液及正常犬肺洗出液。将Wistar大鼠随机分为A(2 8只 )、B(2 9只 )、C(37只 )组 ,每组各取 7只不作处理作为正常对照 ,其余大鼠肺部作如下处理 :A组注入等渗盐水 ,B组注入正常犬肺洗出液 ,C组注入致伤犬肺洗出液。处死各组中正常对照大鼠 ,并于灌注后 4、12、2 4h处死灌注大鼠 ,观察各组大鼠处死前的存活情况、处死后双肺大体变化及组织病理学改变。检测肺组织匀浆中 6 酮 前列腺素F1α/血栓素B2 (PGF1α/TXB2 )、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)、髓过氧化物酶 (MPO)含量及肺毛细血管通透性。　结果　A、B组大鼠处死前均存活 ,C组大鼠非处死死亡 9只。犬吸入性损伤早期肺洗出液可引起大鼠肺产生类似于烟雾吸入性损伤样的病理变化。A、B组大鼠灌注后肺组织PGF1α/TXB2 均有升高倾向 ;C组大鼠灌注后PGF1α/TXB2 逐渐降低 (P <0.0 1),A、B组灌注后肺组织TNF α、MPO含量均无明显变化 (P >0.0 5 ),C组灌注后 4h肺组织TNF α、MPO含量显著增加 ,分别为 (1.0 2± 0 .0 4 )ng/ml、(1.0 1± 0.0 9)U/g肺组织湿重 ,随后下降 (P <0.0 5～ 0.0 1)。肺灌注后4hC组大鼠肺组织毛细血管通透性高于A、B组 (P <0.0 1)。结论　犬     

高良姜素下调Bcl-2通过线粒体途径促进人肝癌Hep3B细胞凋亡

目的 研究高良姜素对人肝癌Hep3B细胞凋亡的影响并探讨相关机制. 方法 体外培养人肝癌Hep3B细胞,经高良姜素处理后,RT-PCR和Western blot检测Bcl-2 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平,MTT法测定细胞生长抑制率,Annexin V-FITC/PI双标记法测定细胞凋亡率,流式细胞仪分析线粒体膜电位,Western blot检测Caspase-3、9及Cytochrome C蛋白的表达水平. 结果 高良姜素使Hep3B细胞中Bcl-2 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平明显下降.不同剂量的高良姜素(40、80、120 μmol/L)对细胞生长抑制率分别为6.38％±1.32％,21.58％±1.97％和43.18％±3.89％,明显高于对照组(t低剂量组=13.01,t中剂量组=15.12,t高剂量组=14.79,均P＜0.01);细胞凋亡率分别为21.58％±1.97％,34.18％±3.89％和43.18％±3.89％,明显高于对照组(分别t低剂量组=24.67,t中剂量组=32.35,t高剂量组=25.89,均P ＜0.01);线粒体膜电位绿色荧光蛋白表达百分比分别为18.93％±2.3％,31.11％±2.67％和46.06％±2.95％,明显高于对照组(分别t低剂量组=16.70,t中剂量组=31.38,t高剂量组=48.15,均P ＜0.01);Caspase-3、9和胞质内Cytochrome C表达水平明显高于对照组(Caspase-3:分别t低剂量组 =11.94,t中剂量组=10.18,t高剂删量组=18.82,均P＜0.01;Caspase-9:分别t低剂量组=15.11,t中剂量组=20.41,t高剂量组=21.25,均P＜0.01;Cytochrome C:t低剂量组=15.11,t中剂量组=28.47,t高剂量组=16.01,P＜0.01),而线粒体中Cytochrome C表达水平明显低于对照组(分别t低剂量组=16.70,t中剂量组=12.00,t高剂量组=27.61,均P＜0.01). 结论 高良姜素可下调Bcl-2 mRNA和蛋白表达促进人肝癌Hep3B细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与线粒体途径相关.     

早期中央型肺癌CT诊断与支气管镜及病理组织学对照

目的 研究中央型肺癌早期CT表现及其病理学基础，并评价CT在鉴别诊断中的作用。方法 对17例病理证实的早期中央型肺癌及10例类似中央型肺癌的良性病变进行分析，CT采用SR 700及（或）Lightspeed Plus扫描机，3．0或1．5mm层厚薄层扫描，将CT表现与支气管镜及手术病理组织学表现对照。结果 17例病变CT均显示，3例显示为局部支气管管壁增厚、管腔内壁不规则，支气管镜显示黏膜表面粗糙、红肿。14例显示管腔狭窄、闭塞，其中4例合并亚段支气管黏液栓，10例合并阻塞性肺炎或肺不张，支气管镜表现为腔内息肉样病灶。病理组织学显示1例累及黏膜，5例累及黏膜下，11例侵犯支气管软骨层。10例良性病变中，CT检查怀疑6例恶性病变，4例不排除恶性，支气管镜检查5例显示内壁不均匀增厚、粗糙，2例管腔内凝血块，1例管腔内结节，2例未见异常。结论 薄层CT扫描能可靠地显示支气管细微病变，是诊断早期中央型肺癌非常有用的方法。     

MEBT/MEBO治疗60例强碱烧伤的体会

目的：观察烧伤湿润暴露疗法（MEBT/MEBO）治疗强碱烧伤的疗效。方法：60例强碱烧伤（包括轻度、中度、重度、特重度烧伤）全程应用湿润暴露（MEBT/MEBO）治疗，早期进行冲冼及耕耘。结果：60例强碱烧伤全部治愈，无一例植皮，疗程短，而且无关节功能障碍。结论：MEBT/MEBO治疗强碱烧伤，能有效地救活瘀滞带组织，促进创面愈合过程，比单纯应用磺胺嘧啶银（SD-Ag）疗效显。     

肺切除术影响围手术期右心功能

Objective To investigate the changes of perioperative right ventricular function after pulmonary resction. Methods 45 cases of pulmonary resection were divided into four groups.Group Ⅰwas wedge resection(n = 10), GroupⅡ was lobectomy(n = 19), Group Ⅲ was double lobectomy(n=7)and Group Ⅳ was pneumonectomy(n=9). The changes of CVP, PAMP, PEP/ET, Sa, VTIs, RVSP, Ea/Aa, and Tel were evaluated by traditional ultrasonic and tissue Doppler ultrasonic techniques at different time inter- vals (pre-operation, 5-7 days orland 1 month post-operation), Results Compared with the pre-operation CVP, the indexes of all groups have no significant changes post-operatively. Wedge resection didn' t obviously influence right cardiac after load and systolic function/diastolic function. No evidet changes detected in Tei pre-and post-operatively. However, the indexes (PAMP, RVSP and PEP/ET ratio) reflecting right cardiac afterload evidently increased at post-pneumonectomy or lobectomy group5- 7 days post-opera- tive. All these reflect the decrease of Tei, which was more obvious in pneumonectomy than in lobectomy group. Right cardiac after- load, systolic/diastolic function and Tel index recovered to pre-operative level 1 month post-operation in single lobectomy group. But the above indicators, especially the Tel, were still high in double lobectomy and pmeunonectomy groups 1 morth post-operation.Tei index is positively correlated with PAMP and is weakly correlated with PET/ET ratio and Ea/Aa ratio. Conclusion Pulmonary wedge resection doesn't evidently influence right cardiac function. However, right cardiac diastolic function evidently decreases temporarily at lobectomy group. The systolic function and diastolic funetions decrease after double-lobectomy and pneumonectomy and it's more evident in pneumonectomy group. Though the right cardiac afterloads of lobectomy, double lobectomy and pneumonectomy groupa all increase significantly post-operativlye, only the former recover to pre-operative level 1 month after surgery.     

一种新型开菲尔奶制作工艺

将草莓汁、菠萝汁、白砂糖加入鲜牛奶中经杀菌冷却后接种开菲尔粒制作的发酵剂,25℃恒温发酵,采用正交试验法对其它工艺参数进行了研究.结果表明,草莓汁和菠萝汁的添加体积分数均为3%,白砂糖质量分数为8%,接种发酵剂体积分数4%,发酵16h后获得了一种口感、组织状态、风味俱佳的新型开菲尔奶.     

湿润烧伤膏在重睑成形术后的应用效果分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨单睑及不对称重睑重睑成形术后应用湿润烧伤膏治疗术后切口的临床疗效。方法 选取2019年2月至2020年1月开封市中心医院五福路院区收治的68例单睑/不对称重睑患者作为研究对象,并按照随机数表法将其随机分为观察组(34例)与对照组(34例),观察组患者于重睑成形术后采用湿润烧伤膏治疗术后切口, 对照组患者于重睑成形术后行常规冷敷处理, 对比两组患者疼痛程度、切口愈合时间以及术后6个月内持续肿胀、瘀斑、结膜炎等并发症发生情况。结果 观察组患者术后2 d视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分为(1.46±0.63）分,明显低于对照组患者的 VAS 评分(2.12±0.78）分(t = 3.838,P < 0.001）;切口愈合时间为 (7.4±2.2）d明显短于对照组患者的切口愈合时间 (10.4±2.5）d（t = 5.253,P＜0.001）;术后 6 个月内并 发症发生率为 2.94%,明显低于对照组患者的并发症发生率 29.41%（χ2 = 8.785,P = 0.003）。结论 单睑及不对称重睑重睑成形术后应用湿润烧伤膏治疗术后切口,可明显缩短切口愈合时间,减轻疼痛程度,降低术后并发症发生率, 临床应用价值较高。