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11.
Jodie Ward Rebecca N. Johnson Linzi Wilson-Wilde 《The Australian journal of forensic sciences》2019,51(4):S263-S267
ABSTRACTFemales are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) at all levels of society. Fewer females are completing STEM school subjects, graduating with STEM degrees, being employed as STEM professionals, and holding senior leadership and academic positions in STEM. However, unlike almost every other STEM discipline, the overall ratio of females is higher in many forensic science disciplines. For our sector, rather than having difficulty in attracting females, the bigger issue is how we retain and promote female talent. This complex issue is exacerbated by: gender pay gaps; family role expectations; lack of visible role models or mentors; discrimination and harassment; and bias during recruitment and promotion practices. We discuss barriers relevant for women in the forensic industry and offer potential solutions. These include flexible work arrangements, sponsorship programmes, and fostering and practising an inclusive workplace culture. Gender equity programmes and exemplar STEM organizations focused on a commitment to gender parity will be explored. Harnessing untapped female talent is as much a social justice issue as employing best practices for improving the quality, diversity and output of our forensic science workforce, and research and innovation strategies. 相似文献
12.
Inna Y. Gong Nigel S. Tan Sammy H. Ali Gerald Lebovic Muhammad Mamdani Shaun G. Goodman Dennis T. Ko Andreas Laupacis Andrew T. Yan 《The Canadian journal of cardiology》2019,35(5):653-660
Background
Although it is known that women do not participate in trials as frequently as men, there are limited recent data examining how women recruitment has changed over time.Methods
We conducted MEDLINE search using a validated strategy for randomized trials published in New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet, and Journal of the American Medical Association between 1986 and 2015, and included trials evaluating pharmacologic or nonpharmacologic therapies. We abstracted data on demographics, intervention type, clinical indication, and trial design characteristics, and examined their relationships with women enrollment.Results
In total, 598 trials met inclusion criteria. Women enrollment increased significantly over time (21% between 1986 and 1990 to 33% between 2011 and 2015; Pfor trend < 0.001) and did not differ by journal or funding source. Women enrollment varied with clinical indication, comprising 37% for non–coronary artery disease vascular trials, 30% for coronary artery disease trials, 28% for heart failure trials, and 28% for arrhythmia trials (P < 0.001), which were all significantly lower than the expected proportion in disease populations (P < 0.001). Women enrollment varied with trial type (31%, 29%, and 26% for pharmacologic, device, and procedural trials, respectively; P = 0.001). These findings were corroborated using multivariable analysis. We found significant positive correlations between women enrolled, and mean age and total number of participants. Fewer women were enrolled in trials reporting statistically significant results than those who did not (P = 0.001).Conclusions
Although enrollment of women has increased over time, it remains lower than the relative proportion in the disease population. Future studies should elucidate the reasons for persistent under-representation of women in clinical trials. 相似文献13.
Conall T. Morgan Brigitte Mueller Varsha Thakur Vitor Guerra Callaghan Jull Luc Mertens Mark Friedberg Fraser Golding Mike Seed Steven E.S. Miner Edgar T. Jaeggi Cedric Manlhiot Lynne E. Nield 《The Canadian journal of cardiology》2019,35(4):453-461
Background
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the association between fetal echocardiographic measurements and the need for intervention (primary coarctation repair, staged coarctation repair, or catheter intervention) in prenatally diagnosed coarctation of the aorta.Methods
A single-centre retrospective cohort study (2005-2015) of 107 fetuses diagnosed with suspected coarctation of the aorta in the setting of an apex-forming left ventricle and antegrade flow across the mitral and aortic valves.Results
Median gestational age at diagnosis was 32 weeks (interquartile range, 23-35 weeks). Fifty-six (52%) did not require any neonatal intervention, 51 patients (48%) underwent a biventricular repair. In univariable analysis, an increase in ascending aorta (AAo) peak Doppler flow velocity (odds ratio [OR], 1.40 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.91] per 20 cm/s; P = 0.03) was associated with intervention. No intervention was associated with larger isthmus size (OR, 0.23; P < 0.001), transverse arch diameter (OR, 0.23; P < 0.001), and aortic (OR, 0.72; P = 0.02), mitral (OR, 0.58; P = 0.001), and AAo (OR, 0.53; P < 0.001) z-scores. In multivariable analysis, higher peak AAo Doppler (OR, 2.51 [95% CI, 1.54-4.58] per 20 cm/s; P = 0.001) and younger gestational age at diagnosis (OR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.70-0.93] per week; P = 0.005) were associated with intervention, whereas a higher AAo z-score (OR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.43-0.94] per z; P = 0.029) and transverse arch dimension (OR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.18-0.97]; P = 0.05) decreased the risk of intervention.Conclusions
In prenatally suspected coarctation, the variables associated with intervention comprised smaller AAo and transverse arch size, earlier gestational age at diagnosis, and the additional finding of a higher peak AAo Doppler. 相似文献14.
Christopher N. Cooley Tyler J. Beranek Matthew A. Warpinski Robert Alexander Amanda O. Esquivel 《The American journal of emergency medicine》2019,37(2):199-203
Introduction
In the United States there has been a large increase in participation in lacrosse for both males and females. The purpose of this study was to analyze the number of head injuries, injury rates (calculated using the reported number of participants) and types of head injuries that are seen in emergency departments in the United States.Methods
We compared injuries between male and female lacrosse participants. This was a retrospective study using a publicly available database produced by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission and information about lacrosse participation from US Lacrosse.Results
A linear regression was performed and showed a positive correlation between number of head injuries to males and time from 2002 to 2010 (R2?=?0.823; p?=?0.001). While the number of injuries to the head in female lacrosse participants was not significant. There was a negative correlation between the number of head injuries to males from 2010 to 2016 (R2?=?0.800; p?=?0.007), but again, there was no significance for female injury count (R2?=?0.417; p?=?0.117). Other significant differences between head injuries in males and females included the mechanism of injury and the type of injury recorded.Conclusion
The most recent data from 2010 to 2016, suggest that both males and females have had a decrease in injury rate. However the total number of female head injuries is not significantly decreasing and as the sport continues to grow there will likely be more total head injuries and visits to the emergency department. 相似文献15.
T. Maishman H. Sheikh P. Boger J. Kelly K. Cozens A. Bateman S. Davies M. Fay D. Sharland A. Jackson 《Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))》2021,33(5):e225-e231
AimsSelf-expanding metal stents provide rapid improvement of dysphagia in oesophageal cancer but are associated with complications. The aim of the present study was to test the effectiveness of an alternative treatment of combining biodegradable stents with radiotherapy.Materials and methodsA Simon two-stage single-arm prospective phase II trial design was used to determine the efficacy of biodegradable stents plus radiotherapy in patients with dysphagia caused by oesophagus cancer who were unsuitable for radical treatment. Fourteen patients were recruited and data from 12 were included in the final analyses.ResultsFive of 12 patients met the primary end point: one stent-related patient death; four further interventions for dysphagia within 16 weeks of stenting (41.7%, 95% confidence interval 15.2–72.3%). The median time to a 10-point deterioration of quality of life was 2.7 weeks. Nine patients died within 52 weeks of registration. The median time to death from any cause was 15.0 weeks (95% confidence interval 9.6–not reached).ConclusionThe high re-intervention observed, which met the pre-defined early stopping criteria, meant that the suggested alternative treatment was not sufficiently effective to be considered for a larger scale trial design. Further work is needed to define the place of biodegradable stents in the management of malignant oesophageal strictures. 相似文献
16.
Arvind Kumar John Z. Deng Vignesh Raman Olugbenga T. Okusanya Ioana Baiu Mark F. Berry Thomas A. D'Amico Chi-Fu Jeffrey Yang 《Seminars in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery》2021,33(2):535-544
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17.
Objective: Associations between social networks and loneliness or social isolation are well established among older adults. Yet, limited research examines personal networks and participation on perceived loneliness and social isolation as distinct experiences among younger adults. Accordingly, we explore relationships among objective and subjective measures of personal networks with loneliness and isolation, comparing a younger and older cohort.
Methods: The UC Berkeley Social Networks Study offers unique cohort data on young (21–30 years old, n = 472) and late middle-age adults’ (50–70 years old, n = 637) personal network characteristics, social participation, network satisfaction, relationship status, and days lonely and isolated via online survey or in-person interview. Negative binomial regression models were used to examine associations between social network characteristics, loneliness, and isolation by age group.
Results: Young adults reported twice as many days lonely and isolated than late middle-age adults, despite, paradoxically, having larger networks. For young adults, informal social participation and weekly religious attendance were associated with fewer days isolated. Among late middle-age adults, number of close kin and relationship status were associated with loneliness. Network satisfaction was associated with fewer days lonely or isolated among both age groups.
Conclusion: Distinct network characteristics were associated with either loneliness or isolation for each cohort, suggesting network factors are independently associated with each outcome, and may fluctuate over time. Network satisfaction was associated with either loneliness or isolation among both cohorts, suggesting perceptions of social networks may be equally important as objective measures, and remain salient for loneliness and isolation throughout the life course. 相似文献
18.
B. Kowall N. Lehmann A.A. Mahabadi S. Moebus R. Erbel K.H. Jöckel A. Stang 《Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD》2019,29(3):228-235
Background and aims
There is controversy on the potentially benign nature of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), i.e., obese persons with few or no metabolic abnormalities. So far, associations between MHO and coronary artery calcification (CAC), a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis, have mainly been studied cross-sectionally in Asian populations. We assessed cross-sectional and longitudinal MHO CAC associations in a Caucasian population.Methods and results
In the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study, a population-based cohort study in Germany, CAC was assessed by electron-beam tomography at baseline and at 5-year follow-up. For cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, we included 1585 participants free of coronary heart disease at baseline, with CAC measurements at baseline and at follow-up, and with either normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) or obesity (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2) at baseline. We used four definitions of MHO. In our main analysis, we defined obese persons as metabolically healthy if they met ≤1 of the NCEP ATP III criteria for the definition of the metabolic syndrome – waist circumference was not taken into account because of collinearity with BMI.Persons with MHO had a higher prevalence of CAC than metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW) persons (prevalence ratio = 1.59 (95% confidence interval 1.38–1.84) for the main analysis). Persons with MHO had slightly larger odds of CAC progression than persons with MHNW (odds ratios ranged from 1.17 (0.69–1.99) to 1.48 (1.02–2.13) depending on MHO definition and statistical approach).Conclusion
Our analyses on MHO CAC associations add to the evidence that MHO is not a purely benign health condition. 相似文献19.
20.
Peyman Sardari Nia Jean H.T. Daemen Jos G. Maessen 《The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery》2019,157(4):1567-1574