《二代测序技术在肿瘤精准医学诊断中的应用专家共识》评述

【摘要】高通量测序技术以其高输出量、高解析度的显著优势,在肿瘤基因检测领域被广泛应用。中国临床肿瘤学会肿瘤标志物专家委员会和中国肿瘤驱动基因分析联盟制定了《二代测序技术在肿瘤精准医学诊断中的应用专家共识》,本文结合该共识从二代测序技术（NGS）检测在肿瘤精准诊断中的应用价值、检测流程和质量保证、结果报告等方面进行简要评述,以指导临床医师和NGS检验从业人员更好地进行临床应用。     

Effectiveness of a National Transitional Care Program in Reducing Acute Care Use

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a national transitional care program for elderly adults with complex care needs and limited social support. The Aged Care Transition (ACTION) Program was designed to improve coordination and continuity of care and reduce rehospitalizations and visits to emergency departments (EDs). Dedicated care coordinators provided coaching to help individuals and families understand the individuals' conditions, effectively articulate their preferences, and enable self‐management and care planning. Participants were individuals aged 65 and older hospitalized and enrolled from five public general hospitals in Singapore between February 2009 and July 2010 (N = 4,132). The coordinators worked with participants during hospitalization and followed up with telephone calls and home visits for 1 to 2 months after discharge and coordinated placements with appropriate community service providers. Unplanned rehospitalization and ED visit (up to 6 months after discharge) rates were compared with those of a comparator group of individuals who did not receive care coordination using propensity score‐based weighting. Participant and caregiver surveys on quality of life and self‐rated health were also administered. Recipients of the ACTION program had fewer unplanned rehospitalizations and ED visits after discharge. Propensity score–adjusted odds ratios of participants versus control for number of unplanned rehospitalization and ED visits were 0.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.5–0.6) and 0.81 (95% CI = 0.72–0.90) 30 days after discharge and 0.6 (95% CI = 0.6–0.7) and 0.90 (95% CI = 0.82–0.99) 180 days after discharge. Quality of life and self‐rated health were better 4 to 6 weeks after discharge than 1 week after discharge. These findings confirm the effectiveness of the ACTION program in improving the transition of vulnerable older adults from hospital to community. Such transitional care should be considered as an integral part of care integration.     

前胡类药材的化学成分及质量控制方法研究

目的：概述前胡类药材化学成分及其相关成方制剂的质量控制标准的研究现状,为前胡类药材及成药的标准研究提供参考。方法：检索并查阅前胡类药材相关研究文献及标准记载情况,归纳其主要化学成分及制剂的质量控制方法。结果：以“前胡”为药材名的药用植物较多,其所含化学成分主要有香豆素类、黄酮类、萜类及挥发油类;质量标准除《中华人民共和国药典》收载前胡及紫花前胡外,尚有多省份地方药材标准收载以前胡的近缘种作为地方习用品使用。质量控制方法主要涉及性状鉴别、显微鉴别、薄层鉴别、指纹图谱、含量测定等方法。结论：前胡为常用传统中药,应用广泛,前胡及其中成药的质量标准参差不齐,有待进一步提升。     

Social determinants status and hypertension: A Nationwide Cross‐sectional Study in China

To explore the association between unbalanced social determinants status and hypertension (HTN) in China, we conducted a cross‐sectional survey in a sample of 299 220 Chinese in 2012 to 2015. Social determinants status were measured with: (a) district‐level:Per capita GDP (Per_GDP), the number of hospital beds per 1000 residents (Per 1000_bed) and tertiary industry added value (TIAV); (b) individual‐level: education and employment conditions. Compared with the poorest level of Per_GDP, the middle and richest group had higher risk of HTN [OR, 95%CI: 1.12 (1.09‐1.14) and 0.99 (0.96‐1.02)] and higher possibility of HTN awareness, treatment, and control. Higher risk of HTN and lower possibility of awareness, treatment, and control were associated with elevated Per 1000_bed in rural area. Higher possibility of HTN control was associated with the higher TIAV (P _trend < .001). Those with middle (OR, 95%CI: 0.86, 0.84‐0.88) and senior (OR, 95%CI: 0.72, 0.69‐0.76) education had a decreased risk of HTN and higher HTN control possibility compared to primary. And participants in retirement/unemployment conditions had a higher risk of HTN and higher possibility of HTN awareness, treatment, and control compared with the job‐holders. This study provides evidence from China that social determinants status has a detectable association with HTN. People with a higher economic area living, lower level of education, or retirement/ unemployment conditions has a higher risk of HTN, especially for male or rural residents. And lower possibility of HTN awareness, treatment, and control were associated with worse economic development and social circumstances environment, lower education level, and employment/student conditions.