中国卫生地理信息系统基础数据库的构建

目的：构建可用于中国卫生地理信息系统（GIS）应用研究的基础数据库，以合理应用已有的数据资源，并成为一个空间决策系统。方法：采集不同资料来源，经统一标化后构成基本资料源。主要的资料源包括：（1）覆盖中国地区的卫星遥感图片库；（2）GIS数字化地图库；（3）疾病资料库与相关模型库。结果：已获卫星遥感图片库中的植被指数遥感图片、地面温度遥感图片、数字化高程图片、数字化土地利用图片等；GIS数字化地图库中的中国行政区划数字化地图、环境数据矢量地图、人口分布图、气象资料分布图等；疾病资料库与相关模型库中包括了多种疾病的调查报告、疾病防治年报表等资料，以及疾病的传播模型和媒介／中间宿主潜在自然孳生地模型，及恶性肿瘤发病因素相关图。结论：该数据库的构建使不同来源的数据达到统一性，数据库收集的数据量以足能为国内卫生专业人员应用为前提，希望通过更多疾病的应用，使数据库得以完善。     

磺酸基邻苯二甲酰亚氨甲基酞菁锌C对肿瘤的光动力学效应研究

目的:研究新型光敏剂磺酸基邻苯二甲酰亚氨甲基酞菁锌C(ZnPcSP-C)对肿瘤的光动力效应(PDT).方法:细胞经药物作用2h,用红光照射后继续培养24h,以台盼蓝排染法测其PDT杀伤作用;荷瘤鼠给药后以红光照射瘤块,1周后测其抑制瘤率.结果:ZnPcSP-C对K_(562)、Be17402 PDT的 CI_(50)分别为1.7,2.8μg/ml;6mg/kg ip对U_(14)荷瘤鼠的抑瘤率为67.2%.结论:ZnPcSP-C对肿瘤有较强的体内外光动力效应.     

Laboratory integration and utilization of tandem mass spectrometry in neonatal screening: a model for clinical mass spectrometry in the next millennium

Clinical and neonatal screening methods using a tandem mass spectrometer are clearly a model for modern laboratory testing in the new Millennium. By the year 2000, more than 1 million blood and plasma samples will have been tested in laboratories throughout the world for a battery of metabolic disorders using a tandem mass spectrometer as the primary analytical device. A tandem mass spectrometer is considered the ultimate analytical detector in a variety of biochemical and clinical methods because of its very high accuracy, selectivity, precision, versatility and robust nature. The ability to achieve very high and reproducible sample throughput (∼600 samples/ instrument/24 h) has made this technology cost-effective for newborn screening. In order to reliably measure markers of inborn errors of metabolism while maintaining low costs and high efficiency, accuracy and quality, much attention needs to be placed on monitoring and maintenance of all components of the entire testing system. These components include specimen collection and sample preparation methods, analysis by LC tandem mass spectrometry, conversion of raw mass spectra (data) into clinically meaningful results (concentration), expert interpretation of these results so that the clinician can be provided with information to facilitate a diagnose, and follow-up and education so that the maximum benefits of newborn screening translate into prevention of disease symptoms or more effective treatments. Addressing each part of the whole system will produce a quality screening program that will detect a battery of disorders using tandem mass spectrometry with a disease frequency of nearly 1 in 4000 infants.     

Effects of disease and corticosteroids on appendicular bone mass in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis: comparison with axial measurements

The potential value of measurements of peripheral bone mass in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as an assessment of long-term disease activity has recently received renewed attention. This study examines the effects of RA and corticosteroid therapy on newer methods of measuring peripheral bone mass, comparing the results with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at axial sites. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography of the radius, ultrasound of the calcaneus, and DXA of the hip and spine were compared between 29 controls and 46 women with RA of whom 25 were receiving low-dose corticosteroid therapy. Bone mass was significantly reduced in the RA groups for: (i) radial trabecular (36.1%) and total (15.6%) measurement sites; (ii) calcaneal ultrasound attenuation (31.7%) and velocity (6.6%); and (iii) femoral neck (15.4%) bone mineral density. Lumbar spine and radial cortical measurements were not significantly affected. There were no significant differences between the RA groups. Disease activity and physical activity did appear to be responsible for much of the reduction in bone mass. These results demonstrate that RA is associated with significant bone loss at the hip, radius and calcaneus, but not at the lumbar spine. In this small study, low-dose corticosteroids had little additional deleterious effect.      

Burning mouth syndrome: a systematic review of treatments

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic oral pain syndrome that primarily affects peri‐ and postmenopausal women. It is characterized by oral mucosal burning and may be associated with dysgeusia, paresthesia, dysesthesia, and xerostomia. The etiology of the disease process is unknown, but is thought to be neuropathic in origin. The goal of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of the various treatments for BMS. Literature searches were conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases, which identified 22 randomized controlled trials. Eight studies examined alpha‐lipoic acid (ALA), three clonazepam, three psychotherapy, and two capsaicin, which all showed modest evidence of potentially decreasing pain/burning. Gabapentin was seen in one study to work alone and synergistically with ALA. Other treatments included vitamins, benzydamine hydrochloride, bupivacaine, Catuama, olive oil, trazodone, urea, and Hypericum perforatum. Of these other treatments, Catuama and bupivacaine were the only ones with significant positive results in symptom improvement. ALA, topical clonazepam, gabapentin, and psychotherapy may provide modest relief of pain in BMS. Gabapentin may also boost the effect of ALA. Capsaicin is limited by its side effects. Catuama showed potential for benefit. Future studies with standardized methodology and outcomes containing more patients are needed.     

A comparative assessment of the acute inhalation toxicity of vanadium compounds

Vanadium compounds have become important in industrial processes, resulting in workplace exposure potential and are present in ambient air as a result of fossil fuel combustion. A series of acute nose-only inhalation toxicity studies was conducted in both rats and mice in order to obtain comparative data on the acute toxicity potential of compounds used commercially. V₂O₃, V₂O₄, and V₂O₅, which have different oxidation states (+3,?+4,?+5, respectively), were delivered as micronized powders; the highly water-soluble and hygroscopic VOSO₄ (+4) could not be micronized and was instead delivered as a liquid aerosol from an aqueous solution. V₂O₅ was the most acutely toxic micronized powder in both species. Despite its lower overall percentage vanadium content, a liquid aerosol of VOSO₄ was more toxic than the V₂O₅ particles in mice, but not in rats. These data suggest that an interaction of characteristics, i.e., bioavailability, solubility and oxidation state, as well as species sensitivity, likely affect the toxicity potential of vanadium compounds. Based on clinical observations and gross necropsy findings, the lung appeared to be the target organ for all compounds. The level of hazard posed will depend on the specific chemical form of the vanadium. Future work to define the inhalation toxicity potential of vanadium compounds of various oxidation states after repeated exposures will be important in understanding how the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of specific vanadium compounds interact to affect toxicity potential and the potential risks posed to human health.     

巢式逆转录-聚合酶链反应扩增人骨形成蛋白2全长cDNA及其真核表达载体的构建

目的:利用巢式逆转录-聚合酶链反应扩增的方法,从肌肉组织中扩增人骨形成蛋白2全长cDNA并构建真核表达载体系统。方法:实验于2003-10/2005-10在苏州大学基因工程教研室和北京大学第三医院骨科实验室完成。提取成人肌肉组织内的总RNA,设计内外两对引物以巢式逆转录-聚合酶链反应扩增方法分两次扩增出人骨形成蛋白2全长1188bp基因,经T-A克隆装入pUCM-T质粒载体内,测序验证后,将克隆质粒以Hind Ⅲ和Xba Ⅰ双酶切后与pcDNA3.0载体相连接,构建真核表达载体系统。结果:利用巢式逆转录-聚合酶链反应扩增方法能从成人肌肉组织内扩增出1188bp的人骨形成蛋白2全长cDNA基因,其测序结果显示与Genebank报道序列完全相符。将扩增序列双酶切后与pcDNA3.0载体相连接,经电泳验证,能构建人骨形成蛋白2全长基因的真核表达系统。结论:巢式逆转录-聚合酶链反应扩增方法能从成人肌肉组织内扩增出人骨形成蛋白2全长cDNA基因,并克隆构建真核表达载体系统,为下一步基因组织工程人工骨实验奠定基础。     

磁共振扩散张量成像评价肌萎缩侧索硬化症非锥体束的扩散特征

目的:应用磁共振扩散张量成像初步评价肌萎缩侧索硬化症非锥体束的扩散特征。方法:于2004-10/2006-10选择武汉大学人民医院神经科收治的肌萎缩侧索硬化症患者16例,为病例组。纳入标准:①符合ElEscorial诊断标准诊断和分型。②为散发性病例。③患者知情同意。排除标准:①糖尿病、原发性高血压、脑血管疾病病史。②服用神经系统活性药物史。③颅脑和颈髓MRI扫描显示有其他神经系统疾病。同期选择与病例组年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者15例,为对照组。两组间性别、年龄比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。所有受试者行轴位扩散张量成像扫描,选取左右侧非锥体束走行区各5个感兴趣区(中央后回皮质下白质、额叶白质、胼胝体压部、膝部、丘脑)测量各向异性分数和平均扩散系数。结果:所有受试者均完成实验,图像质量符合实验要求,未见明显变形。双侧感兴趣区的各向异性分数和平均扩散系数差异无显著性意义,故左右侧合并取均值分析。在中央后回皮质下白质、额叶白质、胼胝体压部、膝部、丘脑非锥体束走行区,肌萎缩侧索硬化症组和对照组均以胼胝体压部的各向异性程度最高(分别为0.825±0.021,0.833±0.023),两组间各向异性分数和平均扩散系数差异无显著性意义。结论:在病程早期,肌萎缩侧索硬化症患者非锥体束损害征象不明显,随访研究有可能阐明肌萎缩侧索硬化症患者运动系统以外部位是否受累和受累的程度。