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Céline Delerue Mary Hayhoe Muriel Boucart 《Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN》2013,38(5):317-324
Background
Visual scanning and planning of actions are reported to be abnormal in patients with schizophrenia. Most studies that monitored eye movements in these patients were performed under free-viewing conditions and used 2-dimensional images. However, images differ from the natural world in several ways, including task demands and the dimensionality of the display. Our study was designed to assess whether abnormalities in visual exploration in patients with schizophrenia generalize to active-viewing tasks in realistic conditions of viewing and to examine whether disturbances in action sequencing in these patients are reflected in their visual scanning patterns while executing natural tasks.Methods
We monitored visual scan paths in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Participants performed several tasks in which they were asked to look at a realistic scene on a table (free-viewing) and perform 2 active-viewing tasks: a familiar task (sandwich-making) and an unfamiliar task (model-building). The scenes contained both task-relevant and task-irrelevant objects.Results
We included 15 patients and 15 controls in our analysis. Patients exhibited abnormalities in the free-viewing condition. Their patterns of exploration were similar to those of controls in the familiar task, but they showed scanning differences in the unfamiliar task. Patients were also slower than controls to accomplish both tasks.Limitations
Patients with schizophrenia were taking antipsychotic medications, so the presence of medication effects cannot be excluded.Conclusion
People with schizophrenia present a basic psycho-motor slowing and seem to establish a less efficient planning strategy in the case of more complex and unfamiliar tasks. 相似文献64.
Objectives
Several epidemiological studies have revealed the co-occurrence of other autoimmune diseases (AIDs) within patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). However, some of these studies were based on small cohorts and wide ranges of prevalence have been reported. Therefore to overcome these limitations of individual studies, we sought to perform a meta-analysis to determine the accurate prevalence of polyautoimmunity in SSc.Methods
We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis of literature in MEDLINE and Embase databases from January 1960 to March 2013. All cohort studies reporting on prevalence of other AIDs known to be associated with SSc were analyzed. Prevalence of polyautoimmunity and of each AID were then calculated.Results
Ten studies reporting polyautoimmunity were identified corresponding to a total of 6102 SSc patients. Overall 1432 patients with at least one AID were identified corresponding to a weighted prevalence of polyautoimmunity equal to 25.7% CI 95% [20.1%–31.6%]. Overall 208/5139 SSc-patients had at least two additional AIDs resulting in a weighted prevalence of 3.9% [3.3%–4.4%]. The most prevalent associated AIDs were autoimmune thyroid disease (10.4%) followed by Sjögren's syndrome (7.7%) and dermatopolymyositis/polymyositis (5.6%).Conclusion
Our results confirm that SSc polyautoimmunity is a frequent condition in SSc affecting a quarter of SSc-patients. The impact on the phenotype and also on the management and therapy will need to be addressed now in further works. 相似文献65.
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King LA Nogareda F Weill FX Mariani-Kurkdjian P Loukiadis E Gault G Jourdan-DaSilva N Bingen E Macé M Thevenot D Ong N Castor C No?l H Van Cauteren D Charron M Vaillant V Aldabe B Goulet V Delmas G Couturier E Le Strat Y Combe C Delmas Y Terrier F Vendrely B Rolland P de Valk H 《Clinical infectious diseases》2012,54(11):1588-1594
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Serum Vitamin D Increases with Weight Loss in Obese Subjects 6 Months After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Muriel Coupaye Marie Christine Breuil Pauline Rivière Benjamin Castel Catherine Bogard Thierry Dupré Simon Msika Séverine Ledoux 《Obesity surgery》2013,23(4):486-493
Background
Malabsorptive surgical procedures lead to deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins. However, results concerning serum vitamin D (25OHD) after gastric bypass (GBP) are controversial. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of GBP on 25OHD and calcium metabolism.Methods
Parameters of calcium metabolism were evaluated in 202 obese subjects before and 6 months after GBP. Thirty of them were matched for age, gender, weight, skin color, and season with 30 subjects who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG). A multivitamin preparation that provides 200 to 500 IU vitamin D3 per day was systematically prescribed after surgery.Results
In the 202 patients after GBP, serum 25OHD significantly increased from 13.4?±?9.1 to 22.8?±?11.3 ng/ml (p?<?0.0001), whereas parathyroid hormone (PTH) did not change. Despite a decrease in calcium intake (p?<?0.0001) and urinary calcium/creatinine ratio (p?=?0.015), serum calcium increased after GBP (p?<?0.0001). Preoperatively, 91 % of patients had 25OHD insufficiency (<30 ng/ml), 80 % deficiency (<20 ng/ml), and 19 % secondary hyperparathyroidism (>65 pg/ml) vs. 76, 44, and 17 %, respectively, following GBP. Serum 25OHD was negatively correlated with BMI at 6 months after GBP (R?=??0.299, p?<?0.0001). In the two groups of 30 subjects, serum 25OHD and PTH did not differ at 6 months after GBP or SG.Conclusions
At 6 months after GBP, serum 25OHD significantly increased in subjects supplemented with multivitamins containing low doses of vitamin D. These data suggest that weight loss at 6 months after surgery has a greater influence on vitamin D status than malabsorption induced by GBP. 相似文献68.
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Jérôme Avouac Muriel Elhai Yannick Allanore 《Joint, bone, spine : revue du rhumatisme》2013,80(1):23-28
Vasculopathy, immunological abnormalities, and fibrosis are the key features in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Expression of each of the three pathologic features varies among SSc patients leading to disease heterogeneity and variable organ manifestations. Although the etiology of SSc has not yet been fully elucidated, a growing body of evidence suggests that extracellular matrix overproduction by activated fibroblasts results from a complex interplay between endothelial cells, immune cells and fibroblasts through cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions and communications. Relevant animal models are essential tools to in-depth investigate pathogenesis of SSc. Several murine and avian models are available; however, some models display inflammation followed by fibrosis, whether some others primarily mimic autonomous fibroblast activation. In addition, typical microvascular changes of SSc are only observed in few models. Therefore, none of these animal models encompasses all features of the human disease and a critical selection is mandatory for successful in vivo studies. Hence, we will provide an overview of the most important experimental models of dermal fibrosis and SSc and discuss their respective contribution to the better understanding of SSc pathogenesis. 相似文献
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