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71.
Management of cerebral ischemia due to Takayasu''''s arteritis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Aortoarteritis ,alsocalledTakayasu’sarteritis ,isachronicidiopathicinflammatorydiseasethataffectslargeandmediumsizearteries Clinicalfeaturesreflectlimbororganischemiaresultingfromstenosistoobliterationofinvolvedarteries Thisdisease ,describedbyTakayasuin… 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Individuals with epilepsy or seizure disorders are restricted from donating blood because of concern that they are prone to adverse donor reactions such as syncope and convulsions. A study evaluating whether that concern is warranted is reported. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: During a 2-year period beginning in 1987, blood donors in Maryland with a history of seizures were actively recruited by the American Red Cross. Adverse donor reactions were classified as "slight", indicating dizziness and nausea without loss of consciousness; "moderate," denoting syncope; and "severe," indicating convulsive syncope. RESULTS: There were 329,143 satisfactory blood donations; 613 individuals reporting a history of seizures donated blood a total of 723 times. Among donors with seizures, 186 (35.7%) were taking antiepileptic medication, and 61 (8.4%) had had one or more seizures in the preceding year. Individuals with seizures had a low incidence of adverse reactions (3.34%). Although this incidence was slightly higher than that in the entire population (2.24%), the difference was not significant. In particular, the risk of syncope with or without convulsive activity was low for people with seizures (0.21%) and not significantly greater than that in other donors (0.28%). CONCLUSION: Individuals with seizures or epilepsy are not at greater risk for adverse reactions after blood donation, and major restrictions on their participation as blood donors are not warranted. 相似文献
74.
The authors studied the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure in 187 hemophiliacs followed for an average of 45 months. Overall, 55 percent developed antibody specific for HIV and 21 percent developed persistent generalized lymphadenopathy. Most patients seroconverted sometime between early 1982 and the end of 1984. Four patients developed acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and four seropositive patients developed idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP). One of the four patients who developed AIDS and three of the four with ITP had preexisting lymphadenopathy. None of the 10 patients with lymphadenopathy or the 20 asymptomatic patients was seropositive for human T-lymphotropic virus, type I. Although seropositivity and lymphadenopathy have been found in many of the authors' patients, few have developed clinical disease that can be related to HIV infection. 相似文献
75.
Mubarak M Kazi JI Shakeel S Lanewala A Hashmi S Akhter F 《APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica》2011,119(3):180-186
There is no detailed information on clinical and immunopathologic features of immunoglobulin M nephropathy (IgMN) in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in Pakistan. We reviewed our native renal biopsies over 15 years (July 1995-July 2010) and identified 135 cases of IgMN in nephrotic children (≤17 years). Their demographic, clinical and immunopathologic data were retrieved from biopsy reports and case notes. Mean age of this cohort was 7.6 ± 4.2 years. Males were 92 (68.1%) and females were 43 (31.9%). Steroid-dependent NS was seen in 88 (65.2%) cases and steroid-resistant NS in 47 (34.2%). Hematuria was found in 42 cases (31.2%) and hypertension in 27 (19.5%). The most common morphologic change was glomerular mesangial proliferation, found in 89 (65.9%) biopsies. Minor changes were seen in 46 (34.1%) cases and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in 37 (27.4%). Immunofluorescence microscopy showed diffuse mesangial positivity of IgM in all cases. C3 and C1q were found in 72 (53.3%) and 40 (29.7%) cases, respectively. Our results show that IgMN is a fairly common cause of INS in children in Pakistan. It shows a spectrum of morphologic changes ranging from minor changes to FSGS. 相似文献
76.
Scott J. Mubarak Jung Ryul Kim Eric W. Edmonds Maya E. Pring Tracey P. Bastrom 《Journal of children's orthopaedics》2009,3(3):191-197
Purpose To develop a classification system for all proximal tibial fractures in children that accounts for force of injury and fracture
patterns.
Methods At our institution, 135 pediatric proximal tibia fractures were treated from 1997 to 2005. Fractures were classified into
four groups according to the direction of force of injury: valgus, varus, extension, and flexion–avulsion. Each group was
subdivided into metaphyseal and physeal type by fracture location and Salter–Harris classification. Also included were tibial
tuberosity and tibial spine fractures.
Results Of the 135 fractures, 30 (22.2%) were classified as flexion group, 60 (44.4%) extension group, 28 (20.8%) valgus group, and
17 (12.6%) varus group. The most common type was extension-epiphyseal-intra-articular-tibial spine in 52 fractures (38.5%).
This study shows that proximal tibial fractures are age-dependent in relation to: mechanism, location, and Salter–Harris type.
In prepubescent children (ages 4–9 years), varus and valgus forces were the predominate mechanism of fracture creation. During
the years nearing adolescence (around ages 10–12 years), a fracture mechanism involving extension forces predominated. With
pubescence (after age 13 years), the flexion–avulsion pattern is most commonly seen. Furthermore, metaphyseal fractures predominated
in the youngest population (ages 3–6 years), with tibial spine fractures occurring at age 10, Salter–Harris type I and II
fractures at age 12, and Salter–Harris type III and IV physeal injuries occurring around age 14 years.
Conclusion We propose a new classification scheme that reflects both the direction of force and fracture pattern that appears to be age-dependent.
A better understanding of injury patterns based on the age of the child, in conjunction with appropriate pre-operative imaging
studies, such as computer-aided tomography, will facilitate the operative treatment of these often complex fractures. 相似文献
77.
SM Vieira HP Lemos R Grespan MH Napimoga D Dal-Secco A Freitas TM Cunha WA Verri Jr DA Souza-Junior MC Jamur KS Fernandes C Oliver JS Silva MM Teixeira FQ Cunha 《British journal of pharmacology》2009,158(3):779-789
Background and purpose:
Chemokines orchestrate neutrophil recruitment to inflammatory foci. In the present study, we evaluated the participation of three chemokines, KC/CXCL1, MIP-2/CXCL2 and LIX/CXCL5, which are ligands for chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), in mediating neutrophil recruitment in immune inflammation induced by antigen in immunized mice.Experimental approach:
Neutrophil recruitment was assessed in immunized mice challenged with methylated bovine serum albumin, KC/CXCL1, LIX/CXCL5 or tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Cytokine and chemokine levels were determined in peritoneal exudates and in supernatants of macrophages and mast cells by elisa. CXCR2 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression was determined using immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy.Key results:
Antigen challenge induced dose- and time-dependent neutrophil recruitment and production of KC/CXCL1, LIX/CXCL5 and TNF-α, but not MIP-2/CXCL2, in peritoneal exudates. Neutrophil recruitment was inhibited by treatment with reparixin (CXCR1/2 antagonist), anti-KC/CXCL1, anti-LIX/CXCL5 or anti-TNF-α antibodies and in tumour necrosis factor receptor 1-deficient mice. Intraperitoneal injection of KC/CXCL1 and LIX/CXCL5 induced dose- and time-dependent neutrophil recruitment and TNF-α production, which were inhibited by reparixin or anti-TNF-α treatment. Macrophages and mast cells expressed CXCR2 receptors. Increased macrophage numbers enhanced, while cromolyn sodium (mast cell stabilizer) diminished, LIX/CXCL5-induced neutrophil recruitment. Macrophages and mast cells from immunized mice produced TNF-α upon LIX/CXCL5 stimulation. Methylated bovine serum albumin induced expression of ICAM-1 on mesenteric vascular endothelium, which was inhibited by anti-TNF-α or anti-LIX/CXCL5.Conclusion and implications:
Following antigen challenge, CXCR2 ligands are produced and act on macrophages and mast cells triggering the production of TNF-α, which synergistically contribute to neutrophil recruitment through induction of the expression of ICAM-1. 相似文献78.
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